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Arab‐Persian rivalry in the Persian Gulf
In: Journal of The Royal Central Asian Society, Band 51, Heft 1, S. 23-31
Persian Documents
In: New Horizons in Islamic Studies
After the Mongol period, Persian was the official written language in Iran, Central Asia and India. A vast amount of documents relating to administration and social life were produced and yet, unlike Ottoman and Arabic documents, Persian historical resources have received very little critical attention. This book is the first to use Persian Documents as the sources of social history in Early Modern Iran and Central Asia. The contributors examine four distinct elements of the documents: * the formal aspects of the sources are initially inspected * the second part focuses on newly discovered sources * the most abundant documents of the period - waqf deeds - are individually studied In this way the reader is led to realize the importance of Persian documents in gaining an understanding of past urban and rural societies in the Middle East.
Negation in Persian
In: Iranian studies, Band 43, Heft 5, S. 621-636
ISSN: 1475-4819
This paper classifies Persian negative elements and analyzes the negative structures based on Minimalism and Distributed Morphology. Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) in Persian which have [−neg] check its feature against [+neg] of negative marker for convergence. Negative Concord Items (NCIs), which are inherently negative, have [+neg]. Thus, in the NC Sentences, we have two [+neg]—one in negative marker, and the other in NCI. It can be misread that a NC structure, like Double Negation, delivers an affirmative reading. To prevent the misreading, we assumed Neg-absorption and Neg-criterion. However, that is impossible in Double Negation with two negative markers placed in different NegP, so the [+neg] in the sentence remain till Logical Form (LF) and they cancel each other and, as a result, the sentence becomes affirmative. Based on Minimalism and Distributed Morphology, the unified account on the structure of negation is examined.
PERSIAN GULF
In: The Middle East journal, Band 48, Heft 1, S. 145
ISSN: 0026-3141
Persian affairs
In: Journal of The Royal Central Asian Society, Band 14, Heft 2, S. 177-180
Patronizing Persians
In: Constantine and the Captive Christians of Persia, S. 17-44
We Persians
In: Central European political science review: quarterly of Central European Political Science Association ; CEPSR, Band 6, Heft 21-22
ISSN: 1586-4197
The Persian gulf
In: Survival: global politics and strategy, Band 37, S. 74-120
ISSN: 0039-6338
Contents: The challenge to the territorial integrity of Iraq, by Ofra Bengio; the United States and the Persian Gulf: preventing regional hegemony, by Zalmay Khalilzad.
World Affairs Online
Persian painting
In: Journal of The Royal Central Asian Society, Band 18, Heft 1, S. 82-82