Suchergebnisse

On the basis of the work of S. Kierkegaard «Exercises in Christianity» and V.S. Solovyov's «Readings on God-manhood» the article presents a comparative analysis of the positions of the authors as religious thinkers, formed in line with the problem of limiting the claims of the mind, which in earlier philosophy had become the only and comprehensive explanatory principle. The article outlines the common ground of their positions, which is a criticism of the official religion and the formalism of state churches. It notes that the innovative and original religious philosophies of Kierkegaard and Solovyov have a common mission – the revival of Christianity degenerated into a public religion, but at the same time they differ in character and structure. It concludes that Kierkegaard and Solovyov, critically reinterpreting the Christian religion that is contemporary to them, offer their religious philosophy as a way out of the crises of their time.

The article reveals the essence of the problem of the origin of man from the point of view of science and religion. We consider a variety of theories to explain the religious idea of the creation of man by God, the philosophical concepts that attempt to rationally, without the help of God, the absolute mind or alien, to explain the origin of man.

The paper is devoted to the interaction between science and religion in the theory of famous british philosopher of science Michael Polanyi. There is an analysis of relations between scientific and religious beliefs. According to Polanyi the religious cult provides a man with euristic vision of reality. Polanyi had a great impact into "untraditional" conception of truth.

This article reviews the ideas and motives of modern terrorism, discloses the concept of destructive human behavior, the analysis of the socio-cultural situation at the beginning of the XXI century and revealed disturbing factors intensify nationalist and religious terrorism as the most dangerous form of terrorism.

This article explicated questions which actualized of the differences between the symbol and simulacrum. Exanimated of this problem did with the support of the concept of "among-being-and-unbeing (interesse-sum-et-adesse)" with the energetic dialectic. Explicate the following questions: differences of signs and symbols in onto-epistemological essence, the difference between the symbol and the simulacrum, the energetic aspect of differences symbol and simulacrum, onto-epistemological aspect of the difference between the symbol and the simulacrum, "consumer society" of Fromm and rhizome-fold, the mutual transition of sign, symbol and the simulacrum. As a result, the symbol and simulacrum, of course, can be found in the phenomenally-noumenal reality, reality-outside of-human, World-Universe, but the main difference is in the ontology.

The main aim of this article was to introduce and rationale the concept of "being-upon-time", which based on the temporality and the time of human life and of all things (existence). This article explicated questions, which are related with the unity of being and time, based on things (existence). Explicates life and existence as a unity of being and time, displayed that things and life are not identical.

В статье дан краткий исторический анализ понятию
толерантность. В современном обществе толерантность чаще всего имеет
религиозную и духовную направленность. При этом немаловажную роль
занимает смещение вектора толерантности в сторону тоталитаризма.
Понятие толерантность как свободомыслие и свобододуховность человека
подменяется возвеличиванием, абсолютизацией свободы любой
индивидуальности, что ведет к отрицанию моральных принципов и в итоге
свобода перейдет во вседозволенность.

The article aims to discuss the role of social sciences and, in particular, history in the memory discourse and the politics of the country. The article is comprised of 6 chapters: First World War, Second World War and the Holocaust, Civil Wars, Decolonization and class, race and gender in deindustrialization, each of them discussing a specific memory agenda and the role of historians in formulating it. By using the case study method and methods of historical analysis, authors draw conclusions on how countries with different culture and roles in international events cope with existing historical perspective and alter them for their policy goals. The authors also mention the change in the memory science itself, stating that, with the transition from the 20th century to 21, the memory politics changed focus from studying national history to studying relations between them or even transnational memory phenomena. All in all, the authors conclude, that the role of historians increased during the last century as they became one of the most influential actors among many who influence the social discourse and collective memory.For citation: Berger, S. (2020). Ideas in History, Philosophy and Religion: the Historical Sciences and Memory Activism in the Twentieth-Century. Tempus et Memoria, 1, 1–2, 8–24.Submitted: 30.10.2020Accepted: 02.12.2020 ; DOI 10.15826/tetm.2020.1-2.001Цель статьи — обсудить роль общественных наук, в частности истории, в дискурсе памяти и государственной политике. Статья состоит из 6 глав: Первая мировая война, Вторая мировая война и Холокост, гражданские войны, деколонизация и класс, раса и гендер в условиях деиндустриализации, каждая из которых обсуждает конкретную мемориальную повестку и роль историков в ее формулировании. Используя метод кейс-стади, автор делает вывод о том, как страны с различной культурой и позицией в международных отношениях справляются с существующей исторической перспективой и изменяют их для своих политических целей. Автор также упоминает об изменении самой науки о памяти, заявляя, что с переходом от XX века к веку XXI политика памяти изменила фокус с изучения национальной истории на изучение отношений между государствами или даже на анализ транснациональных мемориальных явлений. В целом, заключает автор, роль историков в прошлом веке возросла, поскольку они стали одним из самых влиятельных социальных акторов, влияющих на коллективный дискурс памяти.Для цитирования: Бергер Ш. Идеи в истории, философии и религии: исторические науки и активизация памяти в XX веке // Tempus et Memoria. 2020. Т. 1. № 1–2. С. 8–24.Поступила в редакцию: 30.10.2020Принята к печати: 02.12.2020

This article examined the role of freedom for life and belief in the context of postmodern philosophy through the prism of concepts of "simulacrum" and "double (similar)". There is examined the relationship of freedom in classical and postmodern philosophies. There is examined interaction of the two poles of the modern world (post-modern and classical) in the framework of the policy of multiculturalism and tolerance through the prism of concepts of "simulacrum" and "twin". There is make the conclusion about the absence of ontological reason for being and belief as being replaced by chaos, and belief is impossible without free will and thinking, which are replaced by machine of desire, spontaneity, that is associated with decoding the discourses and decrease the role of culture in human life.

This article reviews the problems of critical mind's formation of students, studying "the philosophy's fundamentals" discipline. Integrated description of professional competencies given for young experts. Practical application of technology's basic model of critical mind's developing on philosophy's lessons, which can be used in the teacher's work, is given special emphasis. Author concludes what critical orientation in the work should become the basis for philosophy's teaching methods of young generation.

It is the try comparing the Plato's, Plotinus's, Hegel's, Marx-Engels's dialectics systems in the case of the relationship between matter and idea and creation of new thingslead's principle (the circle's move and the opposites' struggle), but both of this systems was had the two principles. There is genetic similarity in the Plato's and Plotinus's, Hegel's and Marx-Engels's dialectics systems. But the Plato's and Hegel's, Plotinus's and Marx-Engels's have matter's similarity: the development in the first system produce by the circles' move, the development in the second system produce by the opposites' struggle. Directly idea goes into matter's and idea's dialectic in Plato's and Hegel's philosophy, but indirectly is it in Plotinus's and Marx-Engels's philosophy (it is thanks to the energy and activity).