Suchergebnisse

The great restructuring of power in the Christian West at the beginning of the second millennium did not change the meaning of the notion of Europe as inherited from the previous two centuries. Rather, it brought forth new concepts to describe the unity of Western Christians, thus marginalizing "Europe" as a potential bearer of collective identity. Foremost among those new unitary concepts was Christendom -- a concept closely linked with the rise of the papal monarchy & the launching of the First Crusade as the pope's own war. By analyzing 11th-century sources & literature connected with the First Crusade, the author shows that the term Europe -- used merely in its geographical sense or in connection with the ancient myth of Europa & the legend of Japheth -- had little relevance for the practical & spiritual concerns of that age. Adapted from the source document.

Obnovljivi viri energije so viri prihodnosti. Hidroenergija je pomemben obnovljiv vir energije, treba pa je vzeti v zakup, da ima izgradnja hidroelektrarne določen vpliv na okolje. Slovenija na področju rabe električne energije še zdaleč ni samozadostna in je v veliki meri odvisna od uvoza. V Sloveniji imamo velik potencial pri obnovljivih virih energije, vendar ga na žalost premalo izkoriščamo, predvsem zaradi različnih birokratskih oziroma slabo argumentiranih razlogov. Eden večjih, premalo izkoriščenih obnovljivih virov energije je tudi hidroenergija. Reka Sava je naša najdaljša reka, ki je energetsko že izkoriščena v zgornjem in spodnjem delu, srednji del pa je trenutno energetsko neizkoriščen. Predvideva se gradnja verige hidroelektrarn na srednji Savi, v nalogi sem ekonomsko preučil gradnjo prvih treh hidroelektrarn v verigi, in sicer HE Suhadol, HE Trbovlje in HE Renke. Vse tri obravnavane HE so pretočno-akumulacijskega tipa. V nalogi sem finančno ovrednotil prihodke od prodaje električne energije in odhodke, vezane na financiranje naložbe ter samo obratovanje. Naložba izkazuje pozitivne ekonomsko merljive kazalnike, prav tako interna stopnja donosnosti presega določeno z uredbo. V nalogi je za naložbo izdelana tudi analiza občutljivosti za najpomembnejše parametre. Naložba je vsekakor ekonomsko opravičljiva in potrebna za zagotovitev energetske neodvisnosti in hkrati za izpolnitev obljube o samozadostnosti. Treba se je zavedati, da neizpolnjevanje obljube EU o rabi obnovljivih virov energije, pomeni plačevanje kazni, ki pa vsekakor ni zanemarljiva. ; Renewable energy sources are the sources of the future. Hydropower is an important resource, but we have to keep in mind that the construction of a hydroelectric power plant has a certain environmental impact. Slovenia is still far from being self-sufficient in the field of the use of electrical energy and largely depends on imports. Our country has a great potential for renewable energy sources, but they are unfortunately underutilized, mainly for various bureaucratic reasons. One of the larger underutilized renewables is hydropower. River Sava is our longest river and is already being exploited for energy in the upper and lower part, but the middle is still neglected and currently underutilized. There is a plan of a construction of a chain of hydroelectric power plants in the middle Sava region. In my thesis, I economically examined the construction of the first three power plants in the chain, namely HPP Suhadol, HPP Trbovlje and HPP Renke. All three considered are of the flow-reservoir type. In the assignment, I financially evaluated the revenue from the sale of the electricity and included the expenses, related to the financing of the investment, and the operation itself. The investment shows positive economically measurable indicators and the internal rate of return exceeds the stipulated by the regulation as well. The thesis also includes a sensitivity analysis for the most important parameters. In any case, the investment is economically viable and necessary for ensuring energy independence, while fulfilling the promise of self-sufficiency. It is crucial to keep in mind that failure to deliver on the EU's promise to use renewable sources means paying penalties, which is certainly not insignificant.

The article deals with the relationship of philosophy to science in the work of Martin Heidegger, Dominique Lecourt, & Alain Badiou. It concentrates on Badiou's & Lecourt's attempt to reject Heidegger's thesis "Science does not think" -- for Heidegger science is namely grounded in philosophy. Following the basic presentation of Lecourt's analysis of science & Baidou's analysis of mathematics, the internal problems of their conceptions are thoroughly investigated. Adapted from the source document.

In administrative history of the last six hundred years, different factors & influences had played their role in the formation of middle-level offices. The reason was in management. By dividing provinces into quarters, the provincial estates primarily wanted to protect their property from Turkish raids in the middle of the 15th century. In the middle of the 18th century, the provincial prince or national authority established kresije (state administrative units) that were a prolonged hand of the central state administration. It was supposed to control landowners, enforcement of rules & to protect serfs. By establishing kresije, the Kromeriz Constitution wanted to solve nationality problems in multilingual provinces. The district boards, established after 1868, were also a prolonged hand of the central authority & the result of the hundred-year development of the state administration. The history of middle-level offices shows interests of some groups or individuals that were in power during a certain period of time. Unlike other European countries where these offices were relatively autonomous, they were always a prolonged hand of the central state bodies or at least they served them in the Austrian Empire. The Registry Office plan reflects their competence that comprised all the matters of the population in a certain district from personal to municipal, military, education, ecclesiastical & taxation matters, the result of which was that the population identified itself with a district or quarter or kresija (state administrative unit). The middle-level government name was also one of the reasons for population identification. Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.

A review of Thomas S. Kuhn's arguments against the unification of the philosophy & history of science focuses on his definition & defense of the interdisciplinary dialogue between the two sciences. While they can explain a given problem for their particular points of view, their perspectives cannot be synthesized. Kuhn's work on the scientific revolutions gives rise to a new science of the development of sciences that could unify the historical analysis of scientific development with the rational reconstruction of scientific developments. 7 References. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract. The study focused on investigating and analysing the perception
of Facebook's role, as one of the components in the field of Information and
Communication Technologies (ICT), namely, social media, on the quality
of emotional interaction, particularly among individuals in their third age.
The research sample comprised 260 participants of various ages, divided
into two age groups – under 50 and over 50 years old. Participants' opinions were obtained through empirical research, employing quantitative
methods and surveys as the research technique. The research findings indicate that age influences participants' attitudes to digital communication
as a means and medium of emotional communication in various contexts.
Participants in the third age exhibit stronger reservations towards Facebook as a tool for emotional communication and are more cautious about
the use of modern communication methods offered by new social media
techniques. They are also less inclined to abandon traditional interpersonal interactions. The results reveal general distrust in the information
circulating on Facebook and underscore the advantage of maintaining
each interpersonal communication, encompassing all elements of emotional relationships beyond the realm of the Internet, or the information
mediation services offered by ICT, primarily social media.
Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies, Facebook,
third age, emotional communication, alienation.

The author poses the question of whether it is possible to say, contrary to common agreement, that Hegel's political thought contains the elements of liberal political thought. She shows, through examination of The Elements of the Philosophy of Right, that Hegel's definition of an individual as a being of reason & as a free being at the same time points in the direction of liberalism & its preoccupation with the freedom & autonomy of the individual. Hegel's key emphasis, however, is that freedom of free choice already presupposes a choice already made, a forced choice of the frame of the free choice itself, which an individual has to take upon himself/herself. Adapted from the source document.

Karl Popper's distinction between science & metaphysics (pseudoscience) is analyzed, arguing that the principle of demarcation (falsification) cannot support Popper's thesis. Although falsification can be useful for distinguishing between empirical & nonempirical sciences, it also leads to clustering logic & mathematics, theory of induction, metaphysical theories, & philosophy in general. It is argued that Popper misinterprets A. Tarski's (1949) notion of the pursuit of truth in science & assumes that it can meet some objective criteria. One of the major problems of Popper's view of science in his theory of verisimilitude, allegedly capable of solving the problems of correspondence & objectivity. Instead, a blend of Popper's & Feyerabend's positions on scientific progress is suggested. 17 References. Adapted from the source document.

The Slovenian constitution guarantees local self-government to all inhabitants and local self-government can be executed in municipalities and other local communities. Although municipalities are foundational units of local self-government, they experience some very basic problems since the re-establishment in the middle of 1990s; those problems are closely connected with inadequate exercise of subsidiarity and connection principles from in 1996 ratified European charter of local self-government. Slovenia has larger number of undersized municipalities that report problems with normative overload and their administrative incapacity. According to the findings of empirical study presented in the paper, the latter is often the case in municipalities smaller than 5000 inhabitants. The authors are also analysing inadequately defined scope of municipal jurisdiction; Slovenian municipalities are currently responsible for local affairs that affect only municipal inhabitants, and that narrow scope of jurisdiction is in many cases causing problems in managing the municipality, especially in cases of smaller municipalities.

The Slovenian constitution guarantees local self-government to all inhabitants and local self-government can be executed in municipalities and other local communities. Although municipalities are foundational units of local self-government, they experience some very basic problems since the re-establishment in the middle of 1990s; those problems are closely connected with inadequate exercise of subsidiarity and connection principles from in 1996 ratified European charter of local self-government. Slovenia has larger number of undersized municipalities that report problems with normative overload and their administrative incapacity. According to the findings of empirical study presented in the paper, the latter is often the case in municipalities smaller than 5000 inhabitants. The authors are also analysing inadequately defined scope of municipal jurisdiction; Slovenian municipalities are currently responsible for local affairs that affect only municipal inhabitants, and that narrow scope of jurisdiction is in many cases causing problems in managing the municipality, especially in cases of smaller municipalities.

Zaradi vse večje dostopnosti digitalnih medijev začnejo otroci uporabljati internet z vse nižjo starostjo. Kljub številnim priložnostim prinaša internet tudi tveganja, ki so jim otroci in mladostniki izpostavljeni. Otroci lahko na internetu pridobijo tako pozitivno kot negativno izkušnjo, kar pa je odvisno od veliko faktorjev. Eden izmed pomembnejših je način, kako so otroci vodeni in nadzorovani. Zato imajo starši kot osebe, ki so otroku najbližji, pri tem zelo veliko vlogo. Cilj dela je preučiti metode, ki jih slovenski starši otrok, starih med 9 in 14 let, uporabljajo z namenom nadzorovanja otrokove uporabe interneta. V nalogi sem se še posebej osredotočila na aktiven in restriktiven tip posredovanja ter na osebne in sociodemografske dejavnike, ki vplivajo na ta dva tipa posredovanja: starševsko zaznavanje in uporaba interneta, izobrazba staršev in starost otroka. Rezultati spletne ankete (n = 93) so razkrili, da starost otroka in pogostost uporabe interneta pri starših vplivata na stopnjo obeh oblik starševskega posredovanja, medtem ko starševska stališča nimajo bistvenega vpliva na obliko posredovanja. Prav tako so rezultati razkrili povezavo med obliko posredovanja in izobrazbo staršev. So pa slovenski starši nekoliko bolj nagnjeni k uporabi restriktivne oblike posredovanja. Rezultati naloge so nam prikazali površinsko stanje uporabe tipov posredovanja slovenskih staršev in nam ponudili odlično izhodišče za nadaljnje raziskave. ; Due to increased accessibility of digital media, children are beginning to use the Internet at an increasingly young age. Despite there being a lot of opportunities online, there are also a lot of risks that children and adolescents are exposed to. Children can experience either positive and/or negative experiences online, all of which depends on many factors. One of the most important is the way children are managed and controlled by their parents. The aim of the thesis is to examine the methods used by Slovenian parents of children between the ages of 9 and 14 to mediate children's usage of the Internet. In my thesis, I focus especially on the active and restrictive types of mediation and the personal factors that influence these two types of mediation, namely parental perception and internet use, parental education, and the child's age. The results of an online survey (n = 93) reveal that the age of the child and the parent's usage of the internet influence both types of parental mediation, while parental attitudes towards the internet do not significantly influence the mediation. The results also reveal a link between the types of mediation and parental education. Slovenian parents are somewhat more inclined to use a restrictive form of mediation. The results of the thesis demonstrate that there is a threshold of the usage of these types of mediations among Slovenian parents, and it further provides us with an excellent starting point for further research.

Evropska unija se je na pragu leta 2011 začela srečevati s prvimi begunci, ki so pribežali z bojnih območjih Sirije in drugih držav Bližnjega vzhoda ter islamskih držav Severne Afrike in skušali ujeti svojo svobodo, osebno varnost in prihodnost prav v državah članicah Evropske unije. Politična kriza in vojna na Bližnjem vzhodu nista pojenjali, še več, vsak dan je na tisoče ljudi po sredozemskih in balkanski poti skušalo prebežati v Evropo. Evropska unija je leta 2015 z vrhuncem migracijskih tokov v Evropo doživljala najhujšo begunsko krizo po drugi svetovni vojni. Znašla se je pred hudim migracijskim vprašanjem, na katerega pa je sama našla odgovor v pomoči in sodelovanju Turčije – države, ki je pred 69 leti zaprosila za članstvo v Evropski uniji, vendar do danes še ni postala njena polnopravna članica. Turčija danes gosti največji delež sirskih beguncev na svetu – 3,6 milijona. Z Evropsko unijo sta po mnogih letih njunega intenzivnega političnega delovanja in diplomacije odprli novo poglavje sodelovanja, lahko bi ga poimenovala kar migracijsko sodelovanje, skovali sta skupno migracijsko politiko, le ta pa je bila ovekovečena 18. marca 2016 s podpisom izjave EU-Turčija, katere namen je bil ustaviti tok nedovoljenih migracij preko balkanske poti iz Turčije v Evropsko unijo in ga nadomestiti z organiziranimi, varnimi in zakonitimi potmi v Evropo. Seveda ni ostalo zgolj in samo pri turški uslugi Evropski uniji, le-ta je bila za to pripravljena dobro plačati, skupno je Turčiji namenila tri milijarde evrov in ji obljubila še druge ugodnosti, med drugim vizumsko liberalizacijo. V Evropski uniji se danes nahaja več kot 1,8 milijona beguncev. Mnoge Evropejce skrbi za osebno varnost, Evropsko unijo pa za nacionalno in mednarodno, med najbolj rizične varnostne implikacije, ki so jih s seboj prinesli begunci, se najpogosteje uvrščata terorizem in organiziran kriminal - tihotapljenje migrantov. ; At the beginning of 2011, the European Union faced the first refugees fleeing from the war-torn areas of Syria, other Middle East countries and Islamic countries of North Africa, trying to secure their freedom, personal safety and future in the member states of the European Union. The political crisis and war in the Middle East did not subside, on the contrary, every day thousands of people took the Mediterranean and Balkan routes to reach Europe. In 2015, when migration flows into Europe peaked, the European Union experienced the worst refugee crisis after the Second World War. The EU had to face a grave migration issue and eventually settled it with the help and in cooperation with Turkey – country that 69 years ago applied for the membership in the European Union but has not become its full member to this day. Turkey today hosts the largest share of Syrian refugees in the world – 3,6 million, and after many years of intensive political activity and diplomacy, it started a new chapter of cooperation with the European Union, we could call it migration cooperation. Together, they forged a common migration policy by signing the EU-Turkey Statement on 18th March 2016. Its aim was to put a halt to the irregular migration flows on the Balkan route from Turkey to the European Union and to replace it with organised, safe and legal ways to enter Europe. Of course, Turkey was not merely doing a favour to the European Union and the EU was ready to pay well in exchange, sending 3 billion euros to Turkey and promising other benefits, including visa liberalisation. Today, there are more than 1,8 million refugees in the European Union. Many Europeans worry about their personal safety and the European Union is concerned about the national and international security. As the riskiest security implications brought by refugees are most often mentioned terrorism and organised crime – smuggling of migrants.

Zbornik povzetkov predstavlja recenzirane prispevke, ki so bili predstavljeni na tretji nacionalni konferenci Varnost v lokalnih skupnostih v Novem mestu v novembru 2017. Glavna tema konference povzema glavne ugotovitve raziskave Varnost v lokalnih skupnostih, ki je bila opravljena v 24 slovenskih krajih spomladi 2017 v okviru raziskovalnega projekta Varnost v lokalnih skupnostih. Glavni cilj prispevkov je predlaganje uporabnih rešitev za bolj učinkovito zagotavljanje varnosti v lokalnih skupnostih (manjših, srednjih in večjih občinah) v Sloveniji. Prispevki v zborniku se osredotočajo na različne vidike varnosti v lokalnih skupnostih in sicer zaznavanje varnosti in virov ogrožanja v lokalnih skupnostih (zaznavanje kriminalitete, virov ogrožanja, varnosti v urbanih soseskah, prisotnosti policije in socialne kohezije) ; pričakovanja, uspešnost in učinkovitost zagotavljanja varnosti (zaznavanje in uspešnost policijskega dela v skupnosti, zaznavanje nalog vojske, migracij in občutek ogroženosti uporabnikov kibernetskega prostora) ter prakse zagotavljanja varnosti v lokalnih skupnostih (pooblastila občin, dobre prakse reševanja konkretnih varnostnih problemov na območju Policijske uprave Novo mesto in Murska Sobota in zaznavanje zagotavljanja varnosti v lokalnih skupnostih skozi različne deležnike). ; The conference proceedings present peer reviewed papers presented at the third national conference on local safety and security in Slovenia in November 2017. A lead topic of the conference summarizes results of research on safety perceptions, which was done in 24 local communities in the spring in 2017. The main aim of the papers is proposing solutions for more efficient assurance of safety/security in local communities (smaller, middle and larger municipalities) in Slovenia. The papers in the proceedings discuss various aspects of safety and security in local communities, such as perception of safety/security and risks in local communities (perception of crime, sources of threats, safety in urban areas, police presence, and social cohesion) ; expectations and effectiveness of ensuring safety and security (perception and effectiveness of community policing, perception of the tasks of armed forces, migration, and perception of threats in cyber space) ; and practices of ensuring safety and security in local communities (legal regulation of municipalities, good practices of solving safety issues in the area of Police directorate Novo mesto and Murska Sobota, and perception of ensuring local safety and security through the perspective of different stakeholders).