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This article discussed the challenges facing the implementation of the early child education policies in Nigeria. The article used secondary data. The article identified: inadequate funding, poor formulation of policies, lack of political will, and inadequate professional teachers. Others are inadequate infrastructural facilities, political instability, unstable educational policies, institutional corruption and poor supervision as the challenges preventing the implementation of the early child educational policies in Nigeria. To address these challenges, this study put the following suggestions forward to help improve the implementation of early child education policies in Nigeria; adequate funding of early child education, provision of adequate infrastructural facilities, employment of professional teachers, ensure stable educational policies, ensure political stability, fight institutional corruption in the ministries and political officeholders should develop positive attitudes towards implementation of educational policies in Nigeria and finally, the government should advance the supervision of the early child education programme.

Walking is a more sustainable transport mode, and governments around the world are trying to deliver highly walkable areas to their people. Due to its importance, walkability has been a research topic in recent years. Vast empirical studies have reported evidence related to the influence of built environment on walking as a major physical activity. Considering the recent literature, this study developed a framework to quantify walkability by applying a set of indicators related to built environment. The indicators were normalised, weighted and integrated into an overall walkability index. The research was conducted on Chaharbagh Street, which is a major and ancient street in the Isfahan metropolitan area, Iran. The proposed framework would be helpful in investigations of whether a specific area is an appropriate option for a car-free plan based on its built environment features. The outcome of the study could be applied to understand issues related to pedestrian infrastructure and to propose corrective actions.

Walking is a more sustainable transport mode, and governments around the world are trying to deliver highly walkable areas to their people. Due to its importance, walkability has been a research topic in recent years. Vast empirical studies have reported evidence related to the influence of built environment on walking as a major physical activity. Considering the recent literature, this study developed a framework to quantify walkability by applying a set of indicators related to built environment. The indicators were normalised, weighted and integrated into an overall walkability index. The research was conducted on Chaharbagh Street, which is a major and ancient street in the Isfahan metropolitan area, Iran. The proposed framework would be helpful in investigations of whether a specific area is an appropriate option for a car-free plan based on its built environment features. The outcome of the study could be applied to understand issues related to pedestrian infrastructure and to propose corrective actions.

Norske "Nasjonel transportplan" skiller seg fra det danske plansystemet ved formalisert samarbeid mellom fagorganene for vei, jernbane, sjø og luftfart i departementets sektorovergripende langsiktige planarbeid, som videre går til politisk behandling. Intensjonene bak Nasjonal trasnportplan er gode, men fordi planen ikke er økonomisk bindende gir det danske systemet med "anlegslov" o.l bedre forutsigbarhet. Mange felles utfordringer på plansiden. Ulik rolle- og ansvarsfordelingen i jernbanesektoren medfører at Jernbaneverket i Norge har ansvaret for prioritering mellom drift / vedlikehold og langsiktige investeringer, i Danmark er dette plasssert hos henholdsvis Banedanmark og trafikstyrelsen for jernbane og ferger.

Last fall, when physicians diagnosed anthrax in a Florida man named Robert Stevens, they initially suspected that they were seeing a rare, natural case of the disease. The infection of a co-worker of Stevens, however, put the country on alert. Five people eventually died, but the quick recognition that the earliest anthrax infections resulted from a purposeful release of bacteria surely saved many lives: infected people were diagnosed and treated sooner, and officials isolated anthrax-tainted mail. Federal and local governments have long considered bioterrorism a law enforcement issue. But both the anthrax episode and recent simulations of simultaneous smallpox releases in Atlanta, Philadelphia and Oklahoma City and of a plague attack on Denver highlight what perhaps should be obvious: bioterrorism is first and foremost a public health concern. For now and the foreseeable future, the first indication of a bioterror attack—as in a natural outbreak of a dangerous infectious disease—will be sick people showing up at emergency rooms rather than a high-tech device sounding an alarm that a pathogen has been released in a public place. The smallpox exercise in particular showed that the health care system is unprepared for the large numbers of people who would become sick in a worst-case scenario, not to mention the demands for attention from the "worried well," who would merely fear that they might be ill.

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Sustained rural infrastructure investment in developing countries is lacking because of the perverse incentives facing participants in the development & operation of such facilities. Here, the intermediate transaction costs of providing & producing public goods are examined under six different institutional arrangements, each of which creates a different set of incentives of the many actors involved in the design, construction, finance, operation, maintenance, & use of rural infrastructure. By considering a full set of intermediate transaction costs & a wider array of institutional arrangements, analysts can become aware of the tradeoffs involved & may more likely identify those alternatives that yield genuine net cost reductions. 7 Figures, 50 References. Adapted from the source document.