Suchergebnisse

AbstractSpatial microsimulation is a powerful tool for creating large‐scale population datasets that can be used to assess spatial phenomena in health‐related outcomes. Despite this, it remains underutilized within dental public health. This paper outlines the development of an oral health focused microsimulation model for Sheffield (UK, SimSheffield), and how this can be used to assess potential socio‐spatial impacts of a sugar tax which was introduced in the United Kingdom in 2016 and is known as the Soft Drink Industry Levy (SDIL). Exploratory analysis showed areas paying more SDIL were not those with the highest tooth decay or deprivation scores as might be hoped (in the first case) and expected from the literature (in the second).

AbstractThis contribution focuses on research on the social impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic, more specifically on unemployment, income, and poverty in 2020. The indicators selected to measure these phenomena are suitable for understanding and explaining social changes related to and linked to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and represent scientifically reliable, verified, and suitable indicators for evaluating and monitoring the differentiated impact and impacts of the pandemic on individual EU countries. The goal of the paper was to determine how the pandemic—or measures against the spread of the virus—affected the targeted social phenomena. The boxplot method was used to capture the dynamics of changes in the values of selected indicators, and the synthetic variable construction method was used to classify countries' overall vulnerability/resilience. The results of the ordered country classification explicitly showed the significantly differentiated impacts of the pandemic on the observed phenomena and the changes in the overall social situation in individual countries.

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AbstractThis article conducts an environmental and economic impact evaluation of the mining and quarrying sector in the top five carbon‐emitting nations. By applying the hypothetical extraction method, we investigate both the demand and the supply side of the carbon dioxide emission of each industry in China, the United States, India, Russia, and Japan. The results show that inter‐sector linkages are similar between countries. We identify the priority sectors associated with the mining industry, which deserve more consideration in formulating mitigation policies to reduce the carbon footprint. Among these sectors, electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, and manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products hold special responsibility toward the environment.

AbstractThis study aims to shed new empirical light on the importance of the wage curve in a developing economy. The main contribution to the empirical literature is related to the analysis being conducted at different regional levels of a developing economy. This indicates that municipal‐level data seems to be more adequate for wage curve evaluation, and that spatial dependency should be considered to adequately control for local labor market characteristics. Results for Brazil show that wage flexibility is higher in less dense local labor markets and in the informal sector. Controlling for unobserved local characteristics is necessary to obtain the 'true' elasticity of wages with respect to local unemployment rates, while spatial autocorrelation effects should be accounted for when the spatial unit of analysis is rather small to consider the interactions that happen inside a specific labor market area. Finally, a significant part of the difference in outcomes between formal and informal sectors appears to originate from spatial–economic dependence effects, indicating that labor market areas are more suitable for such analysis.

AbstractThis paper analyses the entire wage effects of unemployment for an especially long observation period. In a three‐step approach, the wage reaction at the national level (wage‐setting curve or aggregate wage equation) is added to the reaction at the regional level (wage curve). Spatial models with instrumental variables are used.

AbstractThe region of Calabria, already at the Union of Italy in 1861, and even more so at the institution of the Republic (1948), was among the poorest and most marginal regions not only of Italy but also of the European Union. Despite the numerous funding policies active to de‐marginalize the area at both the national and European scale [currently, mainly European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and European Social Fund (ESF); up until 1992 mostly the Extraordinary Intervention for the Mezzogiorno], there has not been a significant improvement or change in this tendency. In this paper, through a processual approach based on historical and geographical literature, I examine the position of the administrative framework of the region as a possible codetermining factor of such a condition of peripheralization, trying to assess whether and how a careful reform of it could improve the potential of current de‐marginalization policies. Ultimately, starting with the reconstruction of the numerous factors leading to Calabria's marginality, this study highlights the dynamic and relevant role of the framework in a perspective of the development and valorization of the area.

AbstractTo manage the COVID‐19 pandemic, governments established certain stringency measures, such as lockdowns and traffic light systems. However, the response to the pandemic depended on the regions' preexisting capacities and underlying conditions. This study aims to determine the relationship between the COVID‐19 pandemic dynamics and the underlying regional healthcare system's structure in Ecuador, using three dependent variables—the number of COVID‐19 cases, the COVID‐19 prevalence rate at the cantonal level, and the daily deaths resulting from COVID‐19 at the provincial level—for three phases: isolation, social distancing, and contingency. Using daily COVID‐19 data and cantonal (provincial) level variables, a negative binomial model and a tobit model were estimated to analyze the determinants of the number of COVID‐19 cases and the prevalence rate, respectively. The results show a positive relationship between primary and secondary health centers and the number of infected people, implying that it is possible to make more diagnoses when the health infrastructure is more developed. As for COVID‐19 deaths, primary health centers are associated with a low number of daily deaths whereas secondary health centers are associated with a higher number of daily deaths, implying the transfer of severe COVID‐19 cases to cantons with secondary health centers. More affluent cantons had more COVID‐19 cases and deaths. Stringency measures, such as the traffic light system, were effective in managing the pandemic. The geographical proximity between cantons and the nature of economic activities (essential versus non‐essential) also impacted the spread of the virus.

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has posed many challenges to the continuous development of logistics and has received increasing attention from all sectors of society. This paper systematically reviews 85 related papers; sets the framework of literature analysis on the basis of five fields of logistics: life, e‐commerce, healthcare, air transportation, and emergency; systematically composes and analyzes the scope and content of the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on logistics in different fields; and comprehensively shows the current status of research on the impact of COVID‐19 on the continuous development of logistics. On this basis, we combed out the diverse measures of government, enterprises, and related institutions for the logistics problems that have emerged, and put forward some prospects for future research in this field in terms of multi‐period strategies, multi‐factor evaluation, degree of impacts, and quantification of effects. The work in this paper has some reference value and significance for mitigating or eliminating the negative impact of COVID‐19 on the continuous development process of logistics in multiple fields, rationalizing the epidemic response measures and expanding and deepening the research on this topic.

AbstractThe relevance of this study lies in the specific context of the country, where the state plays a crucial role in the development and management of the agricultural sector. With the increasing development of agroindustrial complexes and the need for efficient use of agricultural land, the state has a primary responsibility to ensure optimal utilization of these resources. The purpose of the study is to investigate and compare models of intrafarm land use on the basis of agroindustrial complexes both in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan and in the United States as well as in countries of Asia and the European Union. In the furtherance of this goal, the following methods were used: literature review, SWOT analysis, data analysis, case studies and comparative analysis to examine the land use management (LUM) system in Kazakhstan. Specifically, to identify indicators of the economic efficiency of intrafarm land management, the criterion of national economic efficiency was used by comparing costs and benefits in the adoption of various decisions. The study analysed the operation of the land management mechanism in Kazakhstan and proposed innovative solutions on the basis of successful examples from other countries. The manuscript's contribution to the academic dialogue on sustainable land use can provide valuable information and insights for policymakers and scholars interested in improving land management practices.