Suchergebnisse

This is a draft of a chapter that has been accepted for publication by Oxford University Press in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies edited by Renée Marlin-Bennett. DOI:10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.371

Front Matter -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction to the Elgar Encyclopedia of Political Sociology -- 1. Age and generation -- 2. Alienation -- 3. Anarchism -- 4. Authoritarian and totalitarian regimes -- 5. Biopolitics -- 6. Bourdieu, Pierre -- 7. Bureaucracy -- 8. Capitalism -- 9. Citizenship -- 10. Civic engagement -- 11. Civic voluntarism -- 12. Civil disobedience -- 13. Civil society -- 14. Civil wars -- 15. Class -- 16. Class consciousness and class struggle -- 17. Class voting -- 18. Cleavages -- 19. Clientelism -- 20. Coalition formation -- 21. Collective action -- 22. Comparativehistorical sociology -- 23. Comparative political economy -- 24. Comparative political sociology -- 25. Conflict theory -- 26. Constructivism -- 27. Contentious politics -- 28. Corporatism and neo-corporatism -- 29. Decommodification -- 30. Democracy -- 31. Democratization -- 32. De Tocqueville, Alexis -- 33. Discrimination -- 34. Durkheim, Emile -- 35. Economic voting -- 36. Emotions -- 37. Empowerment -- 38. Environmentalism -- 39. Ethnicity -- 40. Ethnocentrism -- 41. Europeanization -- 42. Euroscepticism -- 43. Exploitation -- 44. Extreme right -- 45. Factionalism -- 46. Feminism -- 47. Field theory -- 48. Foucault, Michel -- 49. Framing/frame analysis -- 50. Frankfurt School -- 51. Functionalism -- 52. Gender -- 53. Globalization -- 54. Governance -- 55. Governmentality -- 56. Gramsci, Antonio -- 57. Group consciousness -- 58. Identity -- 59. Ideology -- 60. Inequality (political) -- 61. Institutionalism -- 62. Interest groups -- 63. Intersectionality -- 64. Left/right -- 65. Legitimacy -- 66. Liberalism -- 67. Libertarianism and authoritarianism -- 68. Lifestyle politics -- 69. Marx, Karl -- 70. Marxism and neo-Marxism -- 71. Mass media -- 72. Memory (collective) -- 73. Michels, Robert -- 74. The micro-macro link -- 75. Migration.

Until the 1970s, the study of social movements was firmly within a diverse sociological tradition that explored the relationship between social structure and political behavior, and was preoccupied with explaining variation in the political orientation of movements: their ideologies, aims, motivations, or propensities for violence. Subsequently, a breakaway tradition redefined the central problem, radically narrowing the scope of interest to the process of mobilization—how social groups, whoever they are and whatever their aims, marshal resources, recruit adherents, and navigate political environments in order to grow and succeed. Critics would later insist that the construction of meaning, the formation of collective identities, and the stimulation and amplification of emotions play vital and neglected roles in mobilization, but these alternatives did not challenge the narrowed construction of the problem itself. The resulting subfield has largely abandoned the quest to explain variation in the political orientation of movements. Researchers in related fields—on revolution, unions, and ethnic mobilization—have retained an interest in explaining political orientation, although they often view it primarily as a by-product of mobilization. Reviving theories about the impact of social structure on movement political orientation will require integrating insights from research on related but widely scattered subjects.