Suchergebnisse

This paper, which is divided in four parts, starts by considering the symbolism inherent to the election of the first Afro-American President, a sign of the democratic vitality of the United States & of the exceptionable capacity of its political & constitutional system to welcome social, philosophical & ideological transformations. We will then consider Obama's candidacy, which was able to reconcile modern strategies & a message rooted in the classical American political tradition. The third chapter includes an analysis of the potential implications of Obama's triumph in the American electoral dynamics, followed by a conclusion where we briefly describe the main challenges that his Administration will meet, especially in domestic politics. Adapted from the source document.

Raymond Aron was at once a philosopher of history, following Max Weber's epistemological critique; a critic of ideology, concentrating on totalitarianism, & in defense of liberal democracy; an interpreter on modern society & the history of the 20th century; & an analyst of international relations. The subtleness of his thinking makes him stand apart from other experts associated with the realist tradition in international relations & his intellectual legacy is crucial for our understanding of the complexity of the Post-Cold war world. Adapted from the source document.

O artigo argumenta que há, em Marx, uma diferenciação da função socialdo proletariado e dos outros assalariados fundada na distinta inserçãonaestrutura produtiva de cada classe social. Argumenta, ainda, que estadistinção está claramente posta em O Capital e que, com freqüência, orecurso aos manuscritos como os Grundrisse ou o Capítulo VI – Inéditotêm servido para desautorizar o texto publicado por Marx e que, política eteoricamente, têm servido para revogar a centralidade do proletariadopara superação do sistema do capital. ; The article argues thatthere is, in Marx, a differentiation of the social function of theproletariat from otherwage-labourers based on the distinctive insertion of each socialclass in the productivestructure. It argues also that this distinction is evident inCapital and, that often,references to manuscripts such as Grundrisse or Capital VI —unpublished, have beenused to discredit Marx's text and to, politically andtheoretically, refute thecentrality of the proletariat in the transcendence of thecapitalist system.

The article intends to analyze the process of formation of the national identity of Brazil. A continuous & multifaceted process is verified, as a consequence of the influences & inclusions of many variables -- political, economical, cultural & social -- that have been altered & that are still changing today, because of the time passage & the birth of new ideologies, or even the return or continuation of old ones. Therefore, the process of the development of an identity is presented, that today results on the emphasis of the South-American character of the country. References. Adapted from the source document.

This paper aims to explore the articulation of Marxism, psychoanalysis & political theory in the particular reading of Ernesto Laclau. Consequences in two main areas are analyzed: discourse theory & political philosophy. This author reconfigures the conceptual basis of hegemony & ideology from an original position close to the Althusserian tradition (by means of deconstruction, Foucauldian archaeology & Lacanian Psychoanalysis) to a standpoint that he himself has described as post Marxist. In that frame, his conception of discourse makes a claim for a renewal of the concept of hegemony, giving up the Marxist topic of base & superstructure. Adapted from the source document.

Considering the rise of the discussion about the rhetoric of economics at the beginning of the 1980's, the paper aims to show: 1) the relation between the origin of this issue in the academic field and the ascension of the so labeled "neoliberalism" as a doctrine and a collection of capitalists practices perceived at the same time; and 2) the consequences produced by this idea, overseas born, when it meets a peripheral reality like the Brazilian one. In the first case, the authors show the importance of Hayek's reflections about the inadequateness of neoclassical discourse to the aim of ideologically legitimate the market society. In the second they point out that, taking the consequences of the rhetoric project in Brazil, it can be seeing as an additional chapter of "the ideas out of its place" that comes marking the Brazilian history of the ideas. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

The struggles for independence in Latin America during the first half of the nineteenth century were accompanied by a wide-ranging debate about political rights, nationality and citizenship. In South American Independence, Catherine Davies, Claire Brewster and Hilary Owen investigate the neglected role of gender in that discussion. Examining women writers from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Colombia, the book traces the contradictions inherent in revolutionary movements that, while arguing for the rights of all, remained ambivalent, at best, about the place of women. Through studies of both published and unpublished writings, South American Independence reveals the complex role of women in shaping the vexed ideologies of independence

O Estado e o mercado são instituições complementares. O Estado é a instituição principal que coordena as sociedades modernas; é o sistema constitucional e a organização que o garante; é o principal instrumento por meio do qual as sociedades democráticas estão moldando o capitalismo de modo a alcançar seus próprios objetivos políticos. Os mercados são instituições baseadas na competição regulada pelo Estado para que contribuam com a coordenação da economia. Enquanto o liberalismo emergiu no século XVIII para combater o Estado autocrático, desde os anos 1980 o neoliberalismo (uma distorção maior do liberalismo econômico) tornou-se dominante e montou um assalto ao Estado em nome do mercado, mas eventualmente também atacou o mercado. A macroeconomia neoclássica e a teoria da escolha pública foram as metaideologias que deram a esse assalto um apelo "científico" e matemático. ; State and market are complementary institutions. The state is the major institution coordinating modern societies; it is the constitutional system and the organizations guaranteeing it; it is the main instrument through which democratic societies have been changing capitalism so as to achieve their own agreed political objectives. Markets are institutions based on competition which the state regulates so that they contribute to the coordination of the economy. While liberalism emerged in the 18th century to fight an autocratic state, since the 1980s neoliberalism (a major distortion of economic liberalism) became dominant and mounted a political assault to the state in the name of the market, but eventually also attacked the market. Neoclassical macroeconomics and public choice theory were the meta-ideologies that gave to this assault a "scientific" and mathematical allure.

Este artigo apresenta o resultado preliminar de uma pesquisa em curso que tem como uma das suas preocupações o conflito entre a produção capitalista da cidade e a demanda popular por habitação na cidade de São Paulo e suas repercussões Região Metropolitana . ; Working from a Marxist perspective, this article examines the relationshipbetween "class" and "community" in urban areas. It argues that thesecategories cannot be lumped together. Thus, what emerges from the analysis,is a permanent conflict in which these categories affect each other mutually,but in which neither can be eliminated.

Tentativa de análise crítica do recurso às noções de "globalização" e"governabilidade" no discurso político contemporâneo. A hipótesecentral é que este recurso se presta à ocultação do processocontraditório de espraiamento do capitalismo em escala planetária, bemcomo das contradições inerentes a este modo de produção. Nestesentido, se choca com a miríade de novas lutas sociais que se travam naAmérica Latina. ; This article is a critical analyse of the use of the notions of globalization andgovernability in the current contemporary discourse. The central hypothesis is thatthis use contributes to mask the contradictory process of capitalist expansion at theworld scale, as well as the inherent contraditions to this mode of production. In thissense, it clashes with a myriad of new on-going social struggles in Latin America.

Abordagem histórica do surgimento das ONGs (Organizações NãoGovernamentais) no Brasil, na década de 1970, e de como, de modogeral,se (re) configuraram nos anos 90 do século XX. ; Analysis of the emergence of NGOs in Brazil in the 1970s and how, in general, theyrestructured in the 1990s.

Resumo:Processos predatórios de desapossamento, com diversos recursos à violência, oque passa pela intervenção estatal, longe de se restringirem a um momentoencerrado na pré-história do capitalismo, constituem, ao lado da reproduçãoampliada, um dos eixos fundamentais da expansão deste modo de produção e seuexame é imprescindível para a compreensão do "novo imperialismo". ; Abstract: Predatory processes of dispossession,relying on different means of violence whichnecessitate state intervention, far from beingrestricted to a circumscribed moment ofthe pre-history of capitalism, constitute, withexpanded reproduction, one of thefundamental axes of expansion of this mode ofproduction and its examination iscrucial to understand this 'new imperialism'.