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The decision to vote has puzzled scholars for decades. Theoretical models predict little or no variation in participation in large population elections and empirical models have typically accounted for only a relatively small portion of individual-level variance in turnout behavior. However, these models have not considered the hypothesis that part of the variation in voting behavior can be attributed to genetic effects. Matching public voter turnout records in Los Angeles to a twin registry, we study the heritability of political behavior in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. The results show that a significant proportion of the variation in voting turnout can be accounted for by genes. We also replicate these results with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and show that they extend to a broad class of acts of political participation. These are the first findings to suggest that humans exhibit genetic variation in their tendency to participate in political activities.

Übungsteildatensatz zum Workbook "Political Participation".

Themen: Selbsteinschätzung der Klassenzugehörigkeit; Grad der
Parteiidentifikation; perzipierte Einflussmöglichkeit auf die Regierung;
politisches Interesse; Interesse am Wahlkampf; Interesse am Wahlausgang;
politisches Interesse des Vaters während der eigenen Kindheit; Teilnahme
an Wahlveranstaltungen; eigene Spenden; Wahlbeteiligung bei der letzten
Wahl; regionale Herkunft; wahrgenommene Unterschiede zwischen den
Parteien; Mediennutzung zur politischen Meinungsbildung; Parteipräferenz
der Eltern während der eigenen Kindheit; Beurteilung der eigenen
wirtschaftlichen Situation; perzipierte Klassenkonflikte;
Klassenmobilität; Selbsteinschätzung auf einem Links-Rechts-Kontinuum;
wichtigste politische Themen; politische Einstellung.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Konfession;
Schulbildung; Charakteristika des Haushaltsvorstands;
Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Ortsansässigkeit; Berufstätigkeit;
berufliche Position; Beruf; Aufwachsen in der Stadt oder auf dem Land;
Verwandtschaftsverhältnis zum Haushaltsvorstand; soziale Herkunft.

Übungsteildatensatz zum Workbook "Political Participation".

Themen: Selbsteinschätzung der Schichtzugehörigkeit; Arbeitslosigkeit
im letzten Jahr; Einflussmöglichkeit auf die Regierungspolitik;
politisches Interesse; wahrgenommene Unterschiede zwischen den Parteien;
politisches Interesse des Vaters bzw. der Mutter während der Kindheit;
Unterstützung für eine Partei oder einen Kandidat; Teilnahme an
Wahlveranstaltungen; eigene Bemühungen, die Wahlentscheidung anderer zu
beeinflussen; Mitgliedschaften; Wahlverhalten bei der letzten Wahl;
regionale Herkunft; wichtigste Probleme des Landes; wichtigste
Wahlkampfthemen; Parteineigung des Vaters; Zugehörigkeit zu einer
politischen Organisation; Zufriedenheit mit der finanziellen Situation;
Kontakt zum eigenen Volksvertreter; Vertrauen in die Regierung;
Gleichbehandlung der Leute durch die Regierung.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Konfession; Familienstand; Ortsgröße;
Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Schulbildung; Charakteristika des
Haushaltsvorstands; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Größe des Ortes, indem
man aufgewachsen ist.

The legal right of American Indian tribes to self-gov still exists in principle, but during the last 100 yrs, it has been ignored or infringed upon by regulation or local interpretation to such an extent, esp since the Civil War, that the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 which meant to restore self-gov in local affairs seemed unrealistic to many Indian tribes. Since 1950, gov interference in tribal affairs has again increased, both at the national & state levels. The participation of Indians in pol'al life is growing. Over 32,000 were in the armed services during WWII. As citizens, since 1924 they are increasingly participating in local & national elections. AAAPSS.

"Political equality is an essential political ideal and it is the cornerstone of moral justifications of democracy. Most people would agree with the proposition that the interests and preferences of each citizen must be given equal consideration in the political process because no person is intrinsically superior to others in ways that can justify preferential consideration. A second premise is that each person is the best judge of her own interests and preferences and is capable of expressing them, hence ruling out an enlightened ruler as the best interpreter of citizens' preferences. Taken together, these two claims provide a powerful case for democracy. Only in electoral democracies can all citizens, in principle, have an equal influence in the political process(Dahl 1971, 2008; Przeworski 2010)"--

"What Is Political Participation?" published on by Oxford University Press.

Whether education affects political participation is a long-standing and central question in political philosophy and political science. In this review, we provide an overview of the three main theoretical models that explain different causal pathways. We then synthesize the surge in research using causal inference strategies and show that this literature has generated mixed results about the causal impact of education, even when using similar methods and data. These findings do not provide clear support for any of the three theories. Our next section covers research on civic education and political participation. The quantity of civic education matters little for political participation, but how civic education is taught does matter. Namely, strategies falling under the rubric of active learning show promise. These strategies seem especially effective for historically marginalized students. Our final section calls for more research on how civic education is taught.

ObjectiveI hypothesize that individuals with depression lack the motivation and physical capacity required to participate in politics due to somatic problems and feelings of hopelessness and apathy. Furthermore, I hypothesize that depression in adolescence can have negative downstream consequences for participation in young adulthood.MethodUsing the 1998 General Social Survey and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, I employ logistic regression and mediation analysis to test the relationship between depression and voting as well as adolescent depression and political participation.ResultsThe results show that both depression and adolescent depression reduce the probability of political participation. The effect of adolescent depression on political participation is mediated by educational attainment and partisan affiliation.ConclusionDepression reduces participation and merits further attention as a political phenomenon. The possibility of depression as a disability is discussed, including potential efforts to boost participation among this group.

ANALYSIS OF COMPLEMENTARY DATA SETS, A 1965-1973 PANEL STUDY OF YOUNG ADULTS & THEIR PARENTS & 1956-1976 MICHIGAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION SERIES, SHOWS THAT THE LATE 1960S AND EARLY 1970S WERE A DEVIANT PERIOD WHERE PARTICIPATION IN AMERICAN POLITICS WAS CONCERNED. THE YOUNG & THE LEFT WERE MORE ACTIVE. FINDINGS CHALLENGE THE "CONVENTIONAL WISDOM" ABOUT PATTERNS OF PARTICIPATION IN AMERICA.

What affects who participates in politics? In most studies of political behaviour it is found that individuals with higher education participate to a larger extent in political activities than individuals with lower education. According to conventional wisdom, education is supposed to increases civic skills and political knowledge that functions as the causal mechanisms triggering participation. However, recently a number of studies have started dealing with the question of whether education is a direct cause for political participation or merely works as a proxy for other factors, such as pre-adult socialization or social network centrality. This review article provides an introduction and critical discussion of this debate.

University of Maryland, Baltimore. Nursing. Ph.D. 2008 ; Background. The study of nursing political participation is important because nurses need to develop skills required to move nursing's political agenda's forward. Nursing is 2.9 million strong but lacks the voice to take charge of its destiny. Nursing has the potential to be a powerful force in setting the agenda for health care reform. The purpose for this study was to evaluate political participation of nurses across all levels of education, to determine how nurses define political participation, identify the factors that motivate/hinder activity, and establish the stage of political development for the sample. Methods. The study utilized a cross sectional mail survey design to measure political participation at the individual nurse's level. The sample was surveyed utilizing the 2004 modification of Hanley's (1983, 1987) Political Participation tool. Open-ended questions were added to the survey to obtain the meaning of political action, note the prompts for action, and if not active to suggest what could be done to increase participation. Through analysis of both the qualitative and quantitative data, the researcher was able to evaluate the sample's level of political development as identified by Cohen et al. (1996). Findings. Nurses possessing advanced degrees were more politically active with respect to campaigning activities. Participatory, involved, informed, voting and effecting changes were the major themes derived from the qualitative data. Multiple linear regression was utilized to identify factors contributing to political activity. Organizational membership, age, political attitudes, and family background variables were found to be significantly and independently associated with nurses' political activity. Analysis of the sample's stage of political development demonstrated that the sample is in the initial stages of political development. Conclusions. This study explored political participation of nurses across all levels of education with ...

Wood and Flinders re-center political participation on the
idea of "nexus politics." The effort is laudable because it contributes to other
ongoing efforts at broadening our understanding of the nature of 'political'
participation. Unfortunately, in our view, the authors misspecify new forms
of political participation that have emerged by: (1) failing to take Henrik
Bang's work seriously; (2) focusing exclusively on motivation/intention, so
that an action is "political," only if the person acting sees it as "political"; (3)
seeing all political participation as necessarily oppositional.