Suchergebnisse

This paper explores violence against religious houses as an indicator of the limits of political negotiation and consensus building in early medieval polities. It analyses records of attacks against religious houses and clerics from León (NW Iberia) that escape traditional interpreta- tions of violence as a tool in the negotiation of social relations, and construes the events as an ex- pression of local social cleavages. In so doing, it provides a guideline for probing similar records in ways that might illuminate aspects of social relations and dynamics otherwise obscured by the dominant themes of the documentary sources from this period.

Degli anni Settanta si parla, ormai quasi canonicamente, come gli anni della crisi, una crisi che compare quasi simultaneamente fuori e dentro i confini nazionali, e si configura come vera e propria crisi di sistema. Considerando il turning point rappresentato dai Seventies, è diffusa l'interpretazione nel contesto italiano del paradigma politologico secondo il quale è nella mancanza e nelle assenze del sistema politico-istituzionale alle domande di modernizzazione democratica provenienti dalle soggettività che emergono in quella che è stata definita la "stagione dei movimenti" che andrebbero individuate le radici prima della scelta della violenza come strumento di lotta politica e poi del cosiddetto "riflusso". Questo studio cerca di analizzare le dinamiche e gli sviluppi nella relazione tra movimento femminista e violenza politica in Italia tra anni settanta e anni ottanta. Per comprendere ed analizzare le dinamiche di tale sviluppo è stato necessario prima ricostruire la genealogia del concetto di violenza politica elaborato dalla filosofia politica nel XX secolo e poi confrontarlo con il concetto di violenza proposto dal pensiero femminista nello stesso arco temporale. Allo stesso tempo si è considerato il fenomeno della violenza politicamente motivata agita nel decennio settanta, analizzando le specificità del femminismo stesso, ma anche, la possibilità di individuare lo scarto – politico, ideologico e esistenziale – tra le definizioni date dalla pratica femminista alla categoria di violenza e le peculiarità degli altri movimenti che si muovevano nella scena politica e sociale tra anni settanta e anni ottanta ; The Seventies are regarded almost canonically as the years of crisis, a crisis that appears almost simultaneously inside and outside national borders, and is configured as a real crisis of the system. This study seeks to analyze the dynamics and developments in the relationship between feminist movement and political violence in Italy in the seventies and eighties. To understand and analyze the dynamics of this development, it has been necessary first to reconstruct the genealogy of the concept of political violence drafted by the political philosophy in the twentieth century and then compare it with the concept of violence proposed by feminist thought in the same timeframe. At the same time the phenomenon of politically motivated violence acted in the seventies was considered, by analyzing the specificities of Italian feminism itself, but also, the possibility of identifying the gap - political, ideological and existential - between the definitions given by feminist practices to the category of violence and the peculiarities of the other movements that emerged in the political and social scene in the seventies and eighties

The present article deals with the concept of war from both a philosophical and a legal standpoint. The chief aim is to offer a clear and distinct definition of war, neutral with regard to any normative conception of the opponents. A brief discussion of the seminal definition provided by Carl von Clausewitz in his Vom Kriege (On War) – «an act of violence to compel our opponent to fulfil our will» – will make it possible to unearth the essential features of a general (that is, non state-oriented) concept of war. These features are the means and end of the violent act. Based on this and independently of any other feature or factor, a war can be defined as a voluntary act (or a set of voluntary acts) of physical violence perpetrated against individuals to impose one's will on the opponent. The implications, at both the political and the semantic level, of such an "extended" and context-independent definition of war will be examined in the final part of the article.

The wave of protests that, starting from the end of 2010, hit some countries in the Middle- East North-Africa region, leading to the fall of long-standing autocratic regimes and referred to as the Arab Spring, has renewed the interests of researchers on youth bulges. The youth bulge theory links the demographic transition to political instability, by asserting that countries characterized by a particularly young population tend to be more vulnerable to political violence. The aim of the thesis is to test empirically this hypothesis on a sample of 160 countries in the post-World War II period. For this purpose, we adopt an econometric strategy alternative to the one prevailing in the literature on the determinants of civil conflicts: we employ a simple linear regression model which accounts for country and time fixed effects.