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Using the Foucaultian framework, we examine here the basic assumption of the modern and contemporary political order, namely the decisive conception that men are governable. In the genealogical path opened by Michel Foucault we examined the political reworking of what was originally the Judeo-Christian spiritual power of governing souls. For Foucault, the modern political government of men is situated at the intersection of two sets of powers foreshadowed in early Christianity: a) the pastoral art of conducting conduct displaced from the eschatological destination of souls to the calculated management of (biopolitical) biological life and b) the dual production of the knowledge necessary for good governance; the utilitarian production of the truth that serves the pastoral art of government itself and the pure or aleturgical manifestation of the truth with regard to the governable.

ABSTRACT Introduction: This article propose to connect two research agendas on political behavior: studies on political tolerance and research on partisanship. Search, by connecting these two agendas, to assess the extent to which parties have become targets of political intolerance and thereby to assess the intensity of negative attitudes towards this central institution of democracy. Studies on partisanship conflicts in Brazil have focused on the antagonism opposing petismo and antipetismo. However, the 2018 elections have shown that Brazilians also adopt other forms of antipartisanship. Changes in patterns of political and electoral behavior in recent years can only be properly understood if we consider variation over time in the intensity and scope of antipartisan sentiment. We propose a typology where antipartisanship may be moderate or radical and may have a narrower or broader target. This theme is significant not only for interpreting Brazil's current political context, but also for deepening understanding of theoretical and analytical questions. Our understanding is that these different types of antipartisanship are distinct phenomena with different effects. Materials and Methods: The data we use to construct the proposed typology and analyze the range and intensity of antipartisanship are derived from an unprecedented Latin America Public Opinion Project initiative to measure political tolerance in Brazil, in its 2017 edition. Our methodology combine variables of disaffection and political intolerance to construct different voter profiles, based on respondent's attitudes towards unpopular groups, including political parties. After constructing the typology, we propose regression models to estimate the effects of each type on several attitudes, like support to democracy and institutional trust. Results: Our findings show a relationship between the most extreme types of antipartisanship and attitudes towards democracy. Compared with non-antipartisan voters, intolerant antipartisan are less supportive of democracy and democratic institutions and less favorable to freedom of expression and the granting of political rights to minorities. The intensity of antipartisanship matters more than its scope, since the models show that, there is little difference in the degree of commitment to democracy and democratic principles between the two types of intolerant antipartisans, regardless of the scope of the target of their disapproval. This means that attitudes toward democracy, democratic institutions, and democratic principles depend less on the scope antipartisanship, than on political intolerance towards these groups. Discussion: The data and results presented here indicate that antipartisanship is not a one-dimensional phenomenon. The individual is not merely antipartisan or non-antipartisan. We show that antipartisanship contains at least two dimensions: its scope and intensity. Previous studies have already shown the existence of different expressions of antipartisanship, but this diversity has not yet been systematically explored using a well-defined typology. Our work points to this research agenda.KEYWORDS: antipartisanship; political tolerance; political attitudes; political parties; democracy.

Este trabalho trata de uma revisão bibliográfica preliminar de pesquisa sobre o passo do frevo, manifestação carnavalesca da cultura popular pernambucana, com a intenção de investigar as transformações nessa dança, seus percursos de escolarização e espetacularização e as implicações estéticas e políticas desse processo. De dança marginal e alvo de perseguição de elites, a dança do frevo tornou-se expressão cultural emblemática de Pernambuco. A pesquisa em andamento procura investigar a temática com base na compreensão do contexto histórico e social do surgimento e desenvolvimento desta manifestação (MENEZES NETO, 2014), da criação de métodos de aprendizado de dança popular (VICENTE, 2009) e do conceito de espetacularização (DEBORD, 1996), (CARVALHO, 2010), entre outros.

O exercício é perverter o mundo para fazer aparecer os outros do mesmo mundo. Esta é a força das duas experiências relatadas no trabalho com os planisférios políticos. Uma delas diz respeito a um curso de formação continuada para professores de História e Geografia da rede municipal de Sombrio/SC e o outra ao grupo de internos do hospital de custódia e tratamento psiquiátrico em Florianópolis/SC (HCTP). No exercício proposto distribuímos às pessoas um planisfério político e pedimos que pervertessem o mundo. O presente texto aponta, além da noção de perversão para a noções de experiência em educação, como articuladoras de mais um princípio reflexivo no campo das imagens, neste caso as imagens da geografia. Nosso intuito com este trabalho foi o de apresentar as imagens e estabelecer com elas uma conversa problematizadora acerca da informação adquirida sobre o mundo. Tratamos do exercício com os dois grupos não numa relação valorativa, mas no sentido de identificar o que os atravessa, os constitui e os faz diferentes.

The background theme of the article is the political regimes in Spinoza. The aim is to analyze, within that broader theme, the distribution of power among the members of the political body as a common theme about the regimes. The question of the political regimes in Spinoza is not only about the number of governors. A list of concepts - like man as 'potentia', affects, 'multitudo', 'imperium', among others - must be taken into account to address the classic question.

The article presents the book The fire and the tale (2018), by the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben, discussing some of the poetic thresholds of his political thought. Is departs from Agamben's implicit debates with Jacques Derrida on language and literature, passing by the poetic act as an act of resistance, defining the inoperative potency present in gestures of discursive interruption, and finally arrives at the discussion of life and work in a biopolitical context. Following the order of the chapters, but without intending to accomplish them, the assumption of the article is that the Italian - who has poetry and literature generally linked to a kind of "first phase" of his work - also in the biopolitical series named Homo Sacer used poetry and literature as a strong strategy of resistance and opening of thresholds before the organized logic of the sovereign power. If by one side the book can be read as forming a hermeneutic circle, the chapters, on the other hand, open the main lines in which philosophy, literature, poetry, and politics intersect for the Italian thinker. Therefore, some of the arguments set forth in The fire and the tale report in direct relation to notions and arguments present in other Agamben's books and in certain interlocutors are also included in the article.