The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).
The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).
Introduction. The epoch-making disturbing events took place in the XXth century, the world was marked by informatization and globalization – all these processes, to a greater or lesser extent, have been embodied in the memoirliterature of the writers of Ukrainian emigration. Purpose. To find out the historical preconditions for the creation of memoirs literatureby the Ukrainian writers of foreign countries, to reveal conceptual genre-style peculiarities in accordance with modern scientific methodologies. Results. The historical conditionality of the creation of memoirs is manifested in the general national context to disclose the truth to the subjective judgment of the narrator, which is expressed in the sum of ideas, estimates of historical events and facts, autonomous thought-making power of the masterof the word.The attention of memoirists is concentrated not only on the historical changes, milestones, turning-point processes of Ukraine of the XXth century, reflected in the biographies of the narrators, but also on spiritual stoicism, preservation of traditions, native word in the semi-ethnic environment as the basic precondition for recognition of the world of Ukrainian history itself, its culture, its continuous existence in the spiritual period of time, and thus expressing the historical significance of the Ukrainian nation in the universal and globalized spiritual context. In the memoir work, the individual way of the writer, the patriotic position in the process of self-realization, self-identification is evident. Originality. In the course of the research it is discovered that the writer is the bearer of progressive, democratic ideas, ideals of spiritual preservation and revival of the nation on the basis of the very cultural identity in the foreign-speaking state. Conclusions. Since in the nature of the memoirs «contains the synthesis of the two principles – the artistic and documentary» (M. Kotsiubynska), respectively, the artistic-documentary reflection in the historical-cultural continuum is combined with epistemological concepts and ontological basis of the profound, encyclopedic knowledge of the historical time space of Ukraine that extrapolates shown in memoirs facts and social phenomena for future processes. The memoir literature of the writers of the Ukrainian diaspora worked for the reader, forming the national consciousness in order to bring the independence of Ukrainian statehood closer.
The concept of sustainability in fashion, having been developed on the basis of ecodesign concepts, takes an important place in scientific research all over the world. The aim of study is to analize and summarise foreign scientific researches about sustainability in fashion. The results were achieved by using methods of sources analysis, which refer to different research fields, in the context of sustainable fashion and their further synthesis according to areas. The main directions of research in each area were identified and summarized in the conclusions. There were considered basic concept definitions – sustainable fashion and the principles of sustainable design, which are used in modern scientific works of foreign researchers. The analysis of foreign scientific sources in the context of sustainable fashion was provided in areas of: economics, marketing, management; sociology and psychology of consumer behavior; ecology; technologies based on the principles of sustainable design; design; aesthetics and art history; education; legislation; information technology. The scientific value of study. For the first time the systematization of foreign research in the context of sustainable fashion was carried out. The conclusions are given after the analysis of each area, underlining the main directions of foreign scientists` research. Conclusions. Researchers from all over the world pay attention to the issues of sustainable fashion and explore problems of the integration of sustainable fashion into everyday life. Sustainable fashion sets up new values that actualize the issues of aesthetics of sustainable fashion in the theory of art history and design practice. However, it should be noted that the analized scientific works concerning fashion design in the context of sustainable fashion, do not reveal aspects of design related to the creative process and aesthetic perception. Sustainable fashion needs changes of existing design tools in the context of sustainable design principles. Therefore, there is a need for ...
This article deals the problem of the early Ukrainian modern as very important epoch of Ukrainian and world literature. The solution to this problem is conducted in comparable contexts of European fin de siѐcle. The main idea this work is writers' roles and functions in literary process. In comparative contexts the literary canon as aesthetic phenomenon of a culture are analyzed. The historical, political, social, philosophical, psychological features or the epoch are observed. The separately problem this article is writers' and critic's gender positions. The literary phenomena are analyzed in ontological fields of epoch. It is important to identify areas in which it is appropriate to compare the Ukrainian modern tradition with the world. In the context of comparative studies, a method of scientific research of literary phenomena, processes, figures and works is proposed. In the article the focuses the scientific problem's of the epoch end XIX – beginning XX centyry in Ukrainian literature. The resourses of frontal approach for study difficult material such as movement cultural epoch with its main factors are analised. The main factors is: time borders of period, struggle / cooperation of literary generations, art directions and stules, all diverse creative individual and original individual style in its sense and influence by each writer. Must to analyse the social and cultural, political, religious, scientific, private and everyday constituent of the epoch. The main object of the research (in its historical and philological, philosophical, culture directions) must be creative by writers its need for to ceep integrity of the research. The educational and methodological perspective is pervasive in the article. The focus is on the possibilities of classroom work with students in such difficult to analyze dimensions as interethnic interactions of literary epochs, literary generations, stylistic trends, etc.
The article highlights the consequences of the Soviet politics upon Ukrainian literature in the period of 1922-1991. The tragic consequences of the politics are observed at three levels of the cultural trauma, in particular: in the individual biography and creative work of certain representatives of literature, on the background of a public community of the Ukrainians, at the macrosocial level. These problems contribute to the formation of traumatogenic factors, which in their turn negatively affect the development, quality, and popularization of Ukrainian literature. ; Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie skutków polityki radzieckiej (okres 1922-1991) wobec literatury ukraińskiej. Autorka konstatuje, że tragiczne skutki polityki radzieckiej na ukraińskiej scenie literackiej może zaobserwować na trzech poziomach traumy kulturowej: a) w indywidualnych biografiach pisarzy oraz ich twórczości; b) na tle wspólnoty społeczeństwa ukraińskiego; c) na płaszczyźnie makrospołecznej. Zidentyfikowane zagadnienia sprzyjają powstawaniu czynników traumatogennych, które z kolei mają też bezpośredni wpływ zarówno na jakość, jak też i popularyzację literatury ukraińskiej. ; У статті розглядаються наслідки в українській літературі радянської політики в 1922-1991 роках. Tрaгiчні наслідки радянської пoлiтики щодо української літератури простежуються на трьох рівнях культурної травми, а саме: а) в індивідуальній бioгрaфiї та творчості представників літератури, б) нa тлі суспільної спільноти українців, в) у макросуспільній площині. Ці проблеми сприяють формуванню травматогенних чинників, які у свою чергу негативно впливають нa рoзвиток, якість i популяризацію української літератури.
The language of folklore is peculiar. It has distinctive features at each linguistic and structural level. The grammar of works of oral folklore also has its specifics. The vocabulary of the folklore language should have an expressive linguistic direction. The vocabulary, or the register part of the linguistic dictionary, must contain grammatical information about the word. It is almost impossible to provide all the grammatical information about a lexeme entered into the dictionary register. Compilers of lexicographical works always have to limit themselves to a certain minimum necessary and sufficient to fulfil their purpose. In this paper, we will offer such a grammatical minimum, which, in our opinion, will be adequate for a qualified lexicographical description of the grammar of those verbal facts that are available in the language of folklore.The language of folklore is primarily oral speech, characterized by variability, not only at the level of texts but also at the grammar level. Traditionally, nouns are inflected with the genitive case. In this case, the main variants of inflexions must be reflected in the Dictionary of Oral Folklore. For head nouns, it is necessary to give a remark indicating the gender. It is also essential to record specific data on the number category to mark plural nouns. Adjectives, ordinal numerals, and adjectival pronouns are recorded in the original form (masculine singular nominative case). Unstressed and short forms are pretty typical for folklore texts. This expressive grammatical feature of the parts mentioned above of speech also needs, in our opinion, to be reflected in the dictionary entry. Traditionally, in Ukrainian lexicographical works, pronouns, adverbs, interjections, and service parts of speech are indicated. Dictionary entries, which include verbs, usually given in the infinitive, will traditionally be accompanied by personal forms (first and second-person singular or other endings if necessary). Be sure to indicate the type of verbs, the category of transitivity and, if necessary, intransitivity, especially in cases where the verb can appear in folklore texts in both grammatical forms. We believe indefinite forms in -ти and -ть should be given in one dictionary entry. Verb variants with the suffixes -ова and -ува should also be given in the same entry, but the form in -ова should be given separately without interpretation and cross-referenced to the main form with the suffix -ува. Grammatical information may also include those parameters that appear irregularly and are, therefore, unpredictable in a certain general model of lexicographic description.
The article provides a detailed structural, content, pragmatic, and stylistic examination of question-answer thematic entities (units) in Nobel lectures. A method of linguistic description and observation and a contextual-interpretation method are used in the research.The author has defined the compositional role of these units on the paragraph level demonstrating that they function as an attention-getter at the beginning, as a "springboard" for further discussion in the middle, and as a clincher in the final position. Four ways of their internal organization have been identified taking into consideration the correlation and order of questions and answers blocks; different types of questions are used. The study has distinguished seven rhetorical modes of content delivery, namely cause-effect, problem-solution, contrast-comparison, classification (division), process analysis, description, and exemplification. Typical syntactic stylistic devices have been also analysed and literature laureates masterfully combine various kinds of them to make their speeches colourful and persuasive. The approach to the linguistic material based on studying speakers' ethical strategies reveals that question-answer thematic entities are a widely-used method to build pathos (a rhetoric category) in the lecture. The potential of the discussed units to intensify lecture coherence and imply a dialogue with the audience is stressed. This article further develops the author's previous research in this field that was devoted to specifying the ways the image of a writer is rendered in Nobel lectures; moreover, close connection between the content of the lecture and the laureate's social, moral, professional, political, religious, and aesthetic values was proven.
The article provides a detailed structural, content, pragmatic, and stylistic examination of question-answer thematic entities (units) in Nobel lectures. A method of linguistic description and observation and a contextual-interpretation method are used in the research.The author has defined the compositional role of these units on the paragraph level demonstrating that they function as an attention-getter at the beginning, as a "springboard" for further discussion in the middle, and as a clincher in the final position. Four ways of their internal organization have been identified taking into consideration the correlation and order of questions and answers blocks; different types of questions are used. The study has distinguished seven rhetorical modes of content delivery, namely cause-effect, problem-solution, contrast-comparison, classification (division), process analysis, description, and exemplification. Typical syntactic stylistic devices have been also analysed and literature laureates masterfully combine various kinds of them to make their speeches colourful and persuasive. The approach to the linguistic material based on studying speakers' ethical strategies reveals that question-answer thematic entities are a widely-used method to build pathos (a rhetoric category) in the lecture. The potential of the discussed units to intensify lecture coherence and imply a dialogue with the audience is stressed. This article further develops the author's previous research in this field that was devoted to specifying the ways the image of a writer is rendered in Nobel lectures; moreover, close connection between the content of the lecture and the laureate's social, moral, professional, political, religious, and aesthetic values was proven.
The article analyses the ways political ideas are reflected in literary works used by the Polish writer of the nineteenth century Michal Czajkowski in the novels «Wernyhora» and «Stefan Czarniecki» on different levels of the structure of literary work as well as its composition. ; В статье анализируются механизмы отражения политических идей в литературном произведении, которые использовал польский писатель ХIХ века Михал Чайковский в романах «Вернигора» и «Стефан Чарнецкий», на разных уровнях структуры текста и в его композиции. ; У статті аналізуються механізми відображення політичних ідей у літературному творі, які використав польський письменник ХІХ століття Міхал Чайковський у романах «Вернигора» та «Стефан Чарнецький», на різних рівнях структури тексту та в його композиції.
In developing a transnational approach to queer studies, the alleged binary between post-Soviet ―East‖ and the so-called ―West‖ has troubled and challenged this emerging discourse. Theorizing queerness within a post-Soviet framework requires what sociologist Francesca Stella refers to as ―alternative epistemologies‖ that foreground the question of visibility: how can queerness be understood in places that have historically and ideologically emphasized sexual invisibility? Considering this question alongside Michel Foucault's discussion of a discursive practice of sexuality as a product of modernity and capitalism, a more evocative issue emerges: how can sexuality be understood in spaces that have historically eschewed capitalist ideology? Moreover, how are sexual practices, including the structures of family and community, complicated in the wake of repressive political systems? As a response to these questions, this article explores literature's capacity to facilitate new dialogues for understanding queerness within a post-Soviet context. By building on the concepts of kinship and belonging, literature and participates in the development of alternative epistemologies for understanding queerness within post-Soviet spaces.
In the article the analysis of scientific approaches to the historiography of the TOLERANCE concept, the phenomenon transformation understanding in the Europeancultural tradition is considered. The changes in the interpretation of tolerance from antiquity to the present are highlighted. The emergence of a cultural tolerancephenomenon and the adoption of this category in politics and legal practice are interpreted as one of the answers to the question of the possibilities of preventingconflicts. Historically, the phenomenon of TOLERANCE refers to the prohibition of religious discrimination, which was later supplemented by a ban on ethnic discrimination. Today, this term is used to denote a wide range of tolerant attitudes towards a social group or political party or ideas that many consider to be inappropriate; loyalty in the assessment of other people's behavior, readiness for understanding and cooperation in solving issues of interpersonal group and interethnic interaction. The effectiveness of tolerance depends on the type of dominant consciousness chosen by society: the mythological, religious, secular or scientific and public. The phenomenon of tolerance is organically linked with the communicative processes of interpersonal interaction.The article deals with the phenomenon of TOLERANCE and the variety of its definitions contained in scientific research. Today, the issue of tolerance becomes particularly relevant as it requires the search for strategies for thinking and activities that would contribute to establishing a common opinion on contradictions based on mutual understanding, moral responsibility and respect for human rights. ; У статті на основі аналізу наукових підходів розглянуто історіографію феномену поняття "толерантність", трансформацію розуміння відповідного феномену у європейській культурній традиції. Висвітлено зміни в інтерпретації толерантності: від античності і до сьогодення. Поява феномену толерантності в культурі та затвердження цієї категорії в політиці та правових практиках трактується як одна з відповідей на питання можливостей запобігання конфліктам. В історичному плані феномен "толерантність" стосується заборони релігійної дискримінації, до якої пізніше додалася заборона на етнічну дискримінацію. Сьогодні цей термін використовується на позначення широкого кола терпимого ставлення до соціальної групи чи політичної партії або ідей, які багато хто вважає неприйнятними; лояльності в оцінці вчинків і поведінки інших людей, готовності до порозуміння й співпраці в розв'язанні питань міжособистісної групової та міжнаціональної взаємодії. Ефективність толерантності залежить від обраної суспільством форми домінантної свідомості: міфологічної, релігійної, секулярної або науково-громадської. Феномен толерантності органічно пов'язаний з комунікативними процесами міжособистісної взаємодії. У статті розглядаємо феномен "толерантність" та різноманітність його визначень, які містяться у наукових дослідженнях. На сьогодні проблема толерантності стає особливо актуальною, оскільки вона потребує пошуку таких стратегій мислення та діяльності, які б сприяли встановленню єдиної думки стосовно протиріч, основаної на взаєморозумінні, моральній відповідальності та повазі до прав людини.
Political philosophy, that rather disreputable, not very philosophical branch of philosophy, has always wanted to get out of politics, to put an end to this politics of politics, by finally speaking its truth. Ideally, the fond -est desire may be to find or invent a politics unaffected by the politics of politics (a truly moral politics, perhaps, of the kind Kant seems to encourage), but that desire is metaphysical through and through. So-called "cheap politics" is engaged in the politics of politics as soon as that phenomenon is engaged in politics, i.e. from the very first, "naturally" as Aristotle put it. The logos of politics is irreducibly affected by the kind of distortion and deceit that is usually – moralistically – associated with rhetoric or sophistry, with "spin tactics". Politics is always already the politics of politics.Key words: politics of politics, sophistry, spin tactics, rhetorical figure, politics of truth. ; Political philosophy, that rather disreputable, not very philosophical branch of philosophy, has always wanted to get out of politics, to put an end to this politics of politics, by finally speaking its truth. Ideally, the fond -est desire may be to find or invent a politics unaffected by the politics of politics (a truly moral politics, perhaps, of the kind Kant seems to encourage), but that desire is metaphysical through and through. So-called "cheap politics" is engaged in the politics of politics as soon as that phenomenon is engaged in politics, i.e. from the very first, "naturally" as Aristotle put it. The logos of politics is irreducibly affected by the kind of distortion and deceit that is usually – moralistically – associated with rhetoric or sophistry, with "spin tactics". Politics is always already the politics of politics.Key words: politics of politics, sophistry, spin tactics, rhetorical figure, politics of truth.
The features of Ukrainian social politics are considered based on research of the existing in foreign and home science going near understanding of social politics. The study examined the impact of market reforms on the development of the state social policy in Ukraine. The specific of social politics is exposed. The contradiction in the acceptance of political decisions in this sphere is certain. The general trends in the transformation of social policy, reflecting the specific functioning of the welfare state under conditions of market transformations are educed. The basic lacks of realization of social politics in Ukraine are certain. It is proved that the existing system of social protection requires significant improvement, because a significant portion of the population lives below the poverty line, has a low level of well-being. It was revealed that the social policy of Ukraine has a number of drawbacks, namely: non-transparent legislative framework, the presence of a large number of inefficient social benefits, imperfect system of financing and bureaucracy in the bodies of social protection and the like. It is proved that the improvement of the social security system should be based on improving the organizational, legal, financial measures provided by relevant government programs that need to be focused on economic development and improving living standards.