Suchergebnisse

Demographic paradigms are constantly in change with time. Together with the increasing lifespan that is breaking limits thought never attainable, fertility rates are declining across entire Europe. These two factors are contributing jointly to a generalized aging in populations for the most industrialized countries. Portugal is not an exception, and if in some cases fertility recuperation is starting to be observed, it seems that this recuperation is not close to happen to the Portuguese population. However, even that this fertility recuperation starts shortly, the "benefits" will not be identifiable in a short term. Additionally, the fact that Southern Europe is in economic crisis, and that Portugal was the second country from the south, after Greece, in economic collapse, resulted in a strong impact at the family context. With such low fertility and deep economic crisis, the thematic of migration adds a major concern about the population future in the country. Migration in Portugal is predicted to increase rapidly in the next years, possibly returning the country to the same patterns registered in the 1960's when Portugal was a country of massive out-migration. This reality results in very deep problems to entire populations and let politicians and demographers interested in answering questions like: Will be the country economically sustainable in the future? Is Portugal going to decline total population?, or, How these changes will influence the households structures in the future? Population projections significance is recognized all around the world, being used by different governments with the intention to suppress the necessity of having more information about the diverse demographic issues, and Portugal is not an exception. Trying to answer to the advanced questions, we intend to elaborate a cohort component projection, for a medium term period (next 20 years), that will allow us to identify the Portuguese population structure in the future and, at the same time, evaluate the possible changes that the country will have to face. Here, we assume that: mortality improvement will 1 not be interrupted, estimating future patterns applying the Lee-Carter methodology to forecast future mortality and life expectancy; fertility decline and postponement will increase; and finally migration will be characterized by a massive out-migration. Another purpose of this study, is also to break down these projections, using the headship rate method proposed by the United Nations in 1973 and the model improvements proposed by Ediev in 2007, to estimate the future composition of households in Portugal, by age, sex and civil status. In this way, it is also our aim to provide with our results a possible and important basis of decision for policy makers in what concerns not only to the population structure itself, that is growing older, but also in order to identify (and how to provide) health care demands. The authors made use of to the Human Mortality Database (www.mortality.org), Human Fertility Database (www.humanfertility.org) and the Statistics Portugal (www.ine.pt) as data sources.

Population projections significance is recognized all around the world, being used by different governments with the intention to suppress the necessity of having more information about the diverse demographic issues, and Portugal is not an exception. Additionally, the fact that Southern Europe is in economic crisis and that Portugal was the second country from the south, after Greece, in economic collapse, resulted in a strong impact not only in the family context, but also its sustainability itself. Trying to answer questions like: Will be the country economically sustainable in the future? Is Portugal going to decline total population?, or, How these changes will influence the households structures in the future?, we intend to elaborate a cohort component projection, for a medium term period (next 20 years), that will allow us to identify the Portuguese population structure in the future and, at the same time, evaluate the possible changes that the country will have to face.

Territories are composed of the excluded, groups of people who have been marginalized by production process someway. To identify those groups and discover their location is important to comprehend territorial vitality. Therefore, this paper aims to detect the excluded groups within Tocantins state by using data of the demographic census determined by IBGE in 2010. It can be asserted that Afro-American and American-Indian, ethnic groups traditionally explored in Brazil, have settled remotely from the main federal road (BR-135), considered the most important develpment area of the state. Thus, the existing territorial structure in Tocantins can be seen as a result of clashes occured in the past, in which Afro-American, American-Indian and peasants have not achieved significant access to profits of the production process. As a consequence, those groups have been driven off from the main development center which connects Tocantins to the rest of the country.

Resumen Este artículo sintetiza parte de la investigación de doctorado realizada en una de las primeras comunidades negras rurales del estado de São Paulo a conquistar el título de tierras quilombolas, el quilombo (En Brasil, los quilombos eran concentraciones políticamente organizadas de esclavos africanos y afrodescendientes huidos) Maria Rosa. El objetivo es comprender si para aquella comunidad la política pública de titulación de tierras funciona como dispositivo contra el racismo. Para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos fueron hechas observaciones y entrevistas apoyadas por las formulaciones de Enrique Pichon-Riviére y de otros autores de la psicología social y del psicoanálisis de los procesos grupales, como René Kaës. Como resultado se constató que la política convoca a los habitantes del quilombo en cuestión a entrar en contacto con los efectos del esclavismo y del racismo. Sin embargo, todavía falta una política articulada entre los distintos niveles gubernamentales y direccionada para la temática racial que los proporcione el debido apoyo. ; Résumé Ce rapport résume une partie de la recherche doctorale réalisée dans l'une des premières communautés rurales noires de l'état de São Paulo à remporter le titre de terres quilombolas, le quilombo Maria Rosa. L'objectif est de comprendre si, pour cette communauté, la politique publique de titrage de terres fonctionne en tant que dispositif contre le racisme. Pour atteindre les objectifs proposés, des observations et des entrevues ont été menées selon les formulations de Enrique PichonRivière. D'autres auteurs de la psychologie sociale et aussi des processus de groupe de la psychanalyse, comme René Kaës, ont contribué à l'analyse de la matière. En somme, il a été constaté que la politique interpelle les habitants de quilombo à prendre contact avec les effets de l'esclavage et du racisme. Cependant, il manque encore une politique articulée entre les différents niveaux du gouvernement et la question de la race pour les donner un soutien adéquat. ; Resumo Este artigo sintetiza parte da pesquisa de doutorado realizada em uma das primeiras comunidades negras rurais do estado de São Paulo a conquistar título de terras quilombolas, o quilombo Maria Rosa. Objetiva-se compreender se, para aquela comunidade, a política pública de titulação de terras opera como dispositivo contra o racismo. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, foram realizadas observações e entrevistas fundamentadas pelas formulações de Enrique Pichon-Rivière e de outros autores da psicologia social e da psicologia de processos grupais, como René Kaës. Como resultado, constatou-se que a política convoca os moradores do quilombo em questão a entrarem em contato com os efeitos do escravismo e do racismo. Todavia, ainda falta uma política articulada, entre os diferentes níveis governamentais e voltada para a temática racial, que lhes dê o devido apoio. ; Abstract This paper summarizes part of the doctoral research on quilombo Maria Rosa, one of the first rural black communities in the state of São Paulo to be granted a quilombola land title. The aim is to understand whether, within that community, land titling public policy operates as a mechanism to counter racism. To reach the proposed objectives, observations and interviews were carried out based on the formulations of Enrique Pichon-Rivière. Other authors such as René Kaës contributed to the analysis of the material. The study concluded that the policy brings those quilombo residents into contact with the effects of slavery and racism. However, they still lack an adequate support policy integrating different government levels and addressing the issue of racism.

Objective: Describe the profile of the aged users of a health polyclinic of the Tanguá city, Rio de Janeiro. Method:
Transversal, descriptive study. It was used as an instrument for data collection a questionnaire, participating 180
elderly. Results: There was in interviewed population a prevalence of the feminine sex, low education and the
majority lived with family; regarding to health data, 25% and 56.6% consider its health as good or reasonable,
respectively, even those with confirmed diseases, being the arterial hypertension the illness most prevalent.
Conclusion: The mapping of the characteristics of older people from a particular region contributes to the
understanding of aging Brazilian, as well as new directions for public policy.

L'article se penche sur la "participation" des populations à la régulation des techno-sciences et des techno-produits qui arrivent sur les marchés et affectent les modes de vie, l'environnement ou la santé. Une double thèse y est développée. La première conduit à la nécessité de réfléchir aux moyens de défendre et protéger celles et ceux qui interrogent les pratiques techno-industrielles (quant à la sécurité des systèmes mis en oeuvre par exemple) ou qui questionnent les certitudes académiques (lorsque celles-ci légifèrent trop vite sur des questions en jeu dans l'espace public). La deuxième thèse propose de placer la question de la participation dans des perspectives politiques et économiques plus vastes, en lien aux univers des marchés et de la politique professionnelle. Une conclusion majeure est que la participation est toujours invoquée formellement mais qu'on tend en pratique à réduire son usage aux cas exceptionnels où la bataille publique fait rage et ne peut être évitée ; dans les autres cas, on la contourne en la remplaçant par exemple par l'éthique instituée en comités – comités fermés mais censés "représenter la Société Civile", capables d'agir vite et, s'ils sont bien choisis, dans la bonne direction. On passe ainsi d'une régulation par la loi et le droit d'une part, des procédures participatives ouvertes de l'autre, à des formes de régulation fermées et ad hoc permettant la mise rapide sur le marché de nouvelles technologies. ; The article focuses on the "participation" of the populations in the regulation of techno-sciences and techno-products that get to the market and affect the way of life, the environment or health. In this case, a double thesis is developed. The first leads to the need to reflect on the means of defending and protecting those who challenge techno-industrial practices (for example, regarding the safety of the implemented systems) or those who question academic certainty (when these legislate very fast on issues at play in the public sphere). The second thesis proposes to place the issue of participation in wider political and economic perspectives, in relation to the market and professional politics. In the end, it is realized that participation is always formally invoked, but, in actual fact, the trend is to reduce participation to exceptional cases where the public struggle is violent and cannot be avoided; and in other cases it is sidestepped or forgotten, being substituted by ethics instituted in committees – closed committees, but supposedly "representing Civil Society", able to move rapidly and, if well chosen, in the right direction. Thus, going from one regulation by the law and by rights, onone side, and participative processes, on the other, to closed and ad hoc forms of regulation allowing for the fast introduction of new technologies in the markets.

Objetivos: identificar prevalência de fumantes entre a população psiquiátrica e a população geral; comparar o perfil pessoal, sociodemográfico e clínico dos fumantes e não fumantes da população psiquiátrica e da população geral; verificar as razões para fumar desses dois grupos populacionais. Método: estudo epidemiológico descritivoanalítico, de corte transversal, com 378 pacientes de três serviços: Ambulatório Saúde Mental, Hospital Psiquiátrico e Unidade Básica Saúde. Realizaram-se entrevistas com três questionários. Aplicaram-se testes qui-quadrado e KruskalWallis. Resultados: dos 378 participantes, 67% eram mulheres e 69% tinham mais de 40 anos. Identificada maior prevalência de fumantes entre homens, jovens, analfabetos, solteiros e recebedores de mais de um benefício do governo. Os fumantes prevaleceram entre os esquizofrênicos, pacientes crônicos, que utilizavam ≥ 3 psicofármacos e com histórico de ≥ 4 internações psiquiátricas e/ou tentativas suicídio. A principal razão alegada para fumar foi a melhora dos afetos negativos. Conclusão: a prevalência de fumantes é maior na população psiquiátrica (especialmente entre os pacientes graves) e entre os homens, jovens, solteiros e com prejuízos socioeconômicos. A principal razão para fumar é o alívio da tensão/relaxamento. O presente estudo fornece, aos enfermeiros e demais profissionais, conhecimento capaz de subsidiar o planejamento de intervenções do tabagismo na população brasileira. ; Objetivos: identificar prevalencia de fumadores entre la población psiquiátrica y la población general; comparar el perfil personal, sociodemográfico y clínico de los fumadores y no fumadores de la población psiquiátrica y de la población general; verificar las razones para fumar de esos dos grupos poblacionales. Método: estudio epidemiológico descriptivoanalítico, de corte transversal, con 378 pacientes de tres servicios: Ambulatorio Salud Mental, Hospital Psiquiátrico y Unidad Básica de Salud. Se realizaron entrevistas con tres cuestionarios. Se aplicaron pruebas chi-cuadrado y KruskalWallis. Resultados: de los 378 participantes, 67% eran mujeres y 69% tenían más de 40 años. Identificada mayor prevalencia de fumadores entre hombres, jóvenes, analfabetos, solteros y recibidores de más de un beneficio del gobierno. Los fumadores prevalecieron entre los esquizofrénicos, pacientes crónicos, que utilizaban ≥ 3 psicofármacos y con histórico de ≥ 4 internaciones psiquiátricas y/o tentativas de suicidio. La principal razón alegada para fumar fue la mejoría de los afectos negativos. Conclusión: la prevalencia de fumadores es mayor en la población psiquiátrica (especialmente entre los pacientes graves) y entre los hombres, jóvenes, solteros y con prejuicios socioeconómicos. La principal razón para fumar es el alivio de la tensión/relajamiento. El presente estudio provee, a los enfermeros y demás profesionales, conocimiento capaz de subsidiar la planificación de intervenciones del tabaquismo en la población brasilera. ; Objectives: to identify the prevalence of smokers between the psychiatric population and the general population; to compare the personal, socio-demographic and clinical profile of smokers and non-smokers in the psychiatric population and the general population; to compare the reasons for smoking of these two population groups. Method: this is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical epidemiological study with 378 patients from three services: Ambulatory Mental Health, Psychiatric Hospital, and Basic Health Unit. Interviews were conducted with three questionnaires. The Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied. Results: in the total of the 378 participants, 67% were women and 69% were over 40 years old. There was a higher prevalence of smokers among men, young people, illiterates, singles and with more than one government benefit. Smokers prevailed among schizophrenics, chronic patients, who used ≥ 3 psychotropic drugs and had a history of ≥ 4 psychiatric hospitalizations and/or suicide attempts. The main reason for smoking was the improvement of negative feelings. Conclusion: the prevalence of smokers is higher in the psychiatric population (especially among severely ill patients) and among men, young people, unmarried and with socioeconomic losses. The main reason for smoking is tension/relaxation relief. This study provides nurses and other professionals with knowledge capable of subsidizing the planning of smoking interventions in the Brazilian population.

The objective of this work is to propose practical strategies to support the homeless population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. It adopts qualitative research, based on interviews with professionals in the field, analysis of information collected on a national news online portal, and analysis of articles, research reports and information documents from other countries. The findings allow suggesting strategies for local governments, particularly regarding social assistance and equipment to support homeless people in Brazil. The results, although partial, include a comparative panorama that allows strategies that are unprecedented in Brazil. We also highlight some issues that need to be considered by the federal, state, and local governments in view of the urgency posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. ; El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer sugerencias prácticas para actuar en la asistencia a la población sin hogar que frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. Con base en una investigación cualitativa que contiene entrevistas con profesionales del área; análisis de información extraída de un portal nacional de noticias; y recopilación de artículos, informes de investigación y documentos de información de otros países; sugerimos algunas estrategias que pueden contribuir al desempeño de la gestión municipal, especialmente en el ámbito de la asistencia social y en el equipamiento de asistencia para las personas que viven en las calles en Brasil. Nuestros resultados son parciales, aunque incluyan un panorama comparativo que permite la inclusión de estrategias que, al parecer, aún no se han implementado en Brasil. También destacamos algunos problemas que los gobiernos federales, estatales y municipales deben repensar en vista de la urgencia de implementar políticas durante la pandemia de COVID-19. ; O objetivo deste trabalho é propor sugestões práticas para a atuação no atendimento à população em situação de rua diante da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Com base numa pesquisa qualitativa contendo entrevistas com profissionais da área, análise de informações levantadas num portal de notícias de amplitude nacional e levantamento de artigos, relatórios de pesquisa e documentos informativos de outros países, sugerimos algumas estratégias que podem contribuir para a atuação da gestão municipal, sobretudo no âmbito da assistência social e nos equipamentos de assistência às pessoas em situação de rua no Brasil. Nossos resultados são parciais, embora incluam um panorama comparativo que permite inclusão de estratégias, ao que parece, ainda não implementadas no país. Destacamos também algumas questões que precisam ser repensadas pelos governos federal, estadual e municipal diante da urgência da implementação de políticas durante a pandemia da COVID-19.