Abstract In the New Order era, in the late 1970s and early 1990s, the student movement was confronted with repressive actions by the government, a policy to restrict students' political activities. So the search for a new format of movement is a necessity, the study group is chosen as a new format of student movement. This research explains how the process of changing the formation of student movements from the study group to the Democratic People Party (PRD), as well as explaining the radical political activities of the PRD from the New Order until post-reform. This study is a literature study using written data. The objective of the study was to raise the role of non-mainstream party politics in the contemporary Indonesian political stage. In the context of the social movement that became the object of this study, transformation takes place in several forms. First, the change from study groups that examine critical social literature and marxism, underground, transformed into a "formal institution" movement in the form of an Action Committee and a non-governmental organization (NGO). Second, the change from the Committee of Action and Non-Governmental Organizations into a political party (PRD). Third, the change of movement format from the "resistance" party to the electoral party after the fall of the New Order government. And Fourth, change back into social movement of political party. Keywords: Democratic People Party; Radicalism; Social Movements; Study club.
United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country. ; United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country.
In the context of Aceh, the word "Ulama" refers to an Islamic scholar who own boarding school (In Aceh language known as Dayah) or a leader of an Islamic boarding school (known as Teungku Dayah). Ulama become "the backbone" of any social problem and play strategic and influential roles in Acehnese society. However, The Ulama roles have changed in the post-conflict era in Aceh. The assumption that Ulama are unable running their authorities in Acehnese society especially in the post-conflict era. Ideally, their roles are needed in the reconciliation regarding the agents of reconciliation who have authority like the Ulama and are trustworthy by Acehnese society. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the position of Ulama in the process of post-conflict reconciliation in Aceh. To investigate the problem, a descriptive qualitative method was used, where the method is to describe the nature of a temporary situation that occurs when the research is carried out in detail, and then the causes of the symptoms were examined. The data were literature studies, participatory observation, and in-depth interviews. The results of this research showed that during an important period of Aceh's history, the Ulama constantly become guardians that provide a religious ethical foundation for each socio-political change in Aceh, and subsequently they also act as the successor to the religious style that developed in the society. Even the formation and development of the socio-political and cultural system occurred partly on the contribution of the Ulama. The position of Ulama in the process of post-conflict reconciliation in Aceh can be found in four ways. Firstly, knowledge transmission. Secondly, as a legal decision-maker which refers to Sharia law, especially related to the reconciliation process. Thirdly, as a mediator. Fourthly, cultural roles in the form of ritual or ceremonial guides that are carried out when the parties of the conflict have met an agreement to reconcile. ; Dalam konteks Aceh, "Ulama" merujuk pada sosok individu yang memiliki Dayah (pesantren) atau pimpinan Dayah yang terkenal dengan sebutan Teungku Dayah. Pada ranah sosial, Ulama Aceh merupakan "tulang punggung" keputusan dalam berbagai hal. Ulama hadir sebagai kelompok strategis dan berpengaruh dalam kehidupan masyarakat Aceh. Namun, pasca konflik Aceh, telah terjadi dinamika pergeseran peran ulama di Aceh. Ada anggapan bahwa ulama tidak lagi mampu menjalankan otoritasnya dalam masyarakat, terutama pada masa pasca konflik. Padahal idealnya, ulama turut berperan dalam proses rekonsiliasi, mengingat saat ini belum ada agen rekosiliasi yang memiliki otoritas seperti ulama dan benar-benar dapat dipercaya oleh masyarakat Aceh. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ingin mendiskusikan tentang posisi Ulama Aceh dalam proses rekonsiliasi pasca konflik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu suatu metode untuk menggambarkan sifat suatu keadaan yang sementara terjadi pada saat penelitian dilakukan secara detail, dan kemudian berusaha memeriksa sebab-sebab dari gejala tersebut. Data dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari studi pustaka, obeservasi partisipatoris dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam setiap periode penting seajarah Aceh, ulama selalu hadir sebagai satu kekuatan yang memberi ladasan etis keagamaan bagi setiap perubahan sosial-politik di Aceh, dan selanjutnya ulama bertindak sebagai penerus corak keagamaan yang berkembang dalam masyarakat Aceh. Bahkan pembentukan dan perkembangan sistem sosial-politik dan budaya masyarakat Aceh terjadi sebagian atas kontribusi para ulama. Adapun Posisi ulama dalam proses rekonsiliasi di Aceh pasca konflik dapat dilihat dalam empat hal. Pertama, transmisi pengetahuan. Kedua, sebagai pengambil keputusan hukum yang bersumber dari ajaran Islam, terutama terkait dengan proses rekonsiliasi. Ketiga, sebagai mediator. Keempat, peran kultural yang berupa pemandu ritual atau seremonial yang dilakukan ketika pihak yang bertikai sudah menemukan kata sepakat untuk berdamai.
ABSTRACTThis article deals with the loss of self-confidence of the Acehnese caused by various unhealthy social, political and economic situations as a result of prolonged conflict coupled with natural disasters and tsunami. The loss of confidence here is related to the loss of ethnicity of the Acehnese people who have been known as successful people in various aspects of human life in the past. The myths of success of the Acehnese people in the past have been denied as non-existent, in fact they have turned negative stereotypes about Acehnese people who have ruined the ethnicity of ravages in the midst of national and global society. That is why the title of this article is to trace the myths of Acehnese success in the past in order to strengthen the ethnicity of Acehnese post conflict and tsunami. The purpose of this paper is to build a collective awareness and confidence that the Acehnese are a successful nation in the past and reject any negative perceptions about the Acehnese who are seen as absolute truth. In other words, this article deals with the need to strengthen the ethnicity of Acehnese in building their success life through a "mirror" of the past success. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative method by collecting various data qualitatively and describing various results of descriptive data analysis. The findings show: 1) The need to revive the myths of Acehnese success in the past to build exemplary present or build success through the myth of success. 2) Rejection of negative stereotypes about Aceh and Acehnese people by generalizing negative things that seem to have been attached as the truth. 3) The need to strengthen a culture of success through the myth of past success and build a positive work ethic in the present.Key words: myths of success, Acehnese, strengthening, ethnicity.
This article explores the development of international relations (IR) in Indonesia with special focus on the changing trends in its theoretical perspectives. It argues that the academic works examined reflect the ways in which Indonesia's IR scholars perceive and theorize the nature of the dynamics of external political environments and their connections to the state's foreign relations. The argument is elaborated in two related parts. The first section discusses the theoretical perspectives that developed during the Cold War period, which focuses on the propensity toward historical realism and regionalism. The second part of the discussion examines recent developments in which Cold War perspectives have been reconsidered, and in many respects modified into three new categories of theoretical thinking, namely reform, resistance, and eclecticism. The changing theoretical trends reveal that Indonesia's IR scholarship is open and innovative. The conclusion comments on the development of the Indonesia's IR.
is a form of community participation in the early detection, monitoring and early follow-up of PTM risk factors independently and continuously. One of the factors influencing the low level of Posbindu PTM visits is the community's knowledge about the use of Posbindu PTM. If the public's knowledge is less about Posbindu PTM, it will result in an increase in mortality due to PTM. To analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and the compliance of the productive age community in the use of Posbindu PTM. This study used a descriptive correlational method with a cross sectional approach conducted on 93 samples using a sampling technique that is non probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. Results: Most of the productive age community in Busung Yeh Kauh had less knowledge level with less compliance level, as many as 50 people (53.8%). The Spearman Rank statistical test results obtained p = 0,000 (<0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.855 which means that there is a very strong relationship between the level of knowledge with the compliance of the productive age community in the use of Posbindu PTM. Public knowledge about Posbindu PTM influences compliance with the use of Posbindu PTM. Efforts should be made to increase public education about the importance of utilizing Posbindu non-communicable diseases to reduce mortality due to non-communicable diseases. ; Posbindu PTM adalah wujud peran serta masyarakat dalam kegiatan deteksi dini, monitoring dan tindak lanjut dini faktor risiko PTM secara mandiri dan berkesinambung. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya kunjungan Posbindu PTM adalah pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan Posbindu PTM. Pengetahuan tersebut nantinya akan membentuk sikap seseorang baik kearah yang negatif maupun positif, apabila pengetahuan masyarakat kurang mengenai Posbindu PTM maka akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya angka kematian akibat PTM. Untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan masyarakat usia produktif dalam pemanfaatan Posbindu penyakit tidak menular. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan terhadap 93 sampel yang menggunakan teknik sampling yaitu non probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sebagian besar masyarakat usia produktif di Banjar Busung Yeh Kauh memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang dengan tingkat kepatuhan kurang yaitu sebanyak 50 orang (53,8%). Hasil uji statistik Rank Spearman didapatkan hasil p=0,000 (<0,05) dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,855 yang berarti terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan masyarakat usia produktif dalam pemanfaatan Posbindu penyakit tidak menular. Pengetahuan masyarakat tentang Posbindu PTM mempengaruhi kepatuhan dalam pemanfaatan Posbindu PTM, upaya yang harus dilakukan sebaiknya meningkatkan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya memanfaatkan pelayanan Posbindu penyakit tidak menular untuk mengurangi angka kematian yang disebabkan oleh penyakit tidak menular
Most of the people in Mesjid Punteuet village have a good level of work and education. Some big mothers who work as housewives have a great interest and interest in gaining skills that can be used to actualize self-development and become something that can benefit the community. One of the skills that will be provided is training in making solid soap from olive oil, palm oil and coconut which can be obtained easily and can also be obtained with coconut oil. The product that will be produced is a solid soap with attractive packaging with oil content that softens the skin compared to commercial soap products. The method that will be carried out is by making a process using cold process or cold method without heating which is easy to do for household scale. Training will also be given specifically for the safety process in making soap and the benefits of soap-making ingredients. With this activity, the goal to be achieved is to contribute, knowledge, technology related to the development of expertise in making cold-process soap while this soap product can be used for daily needs but can also be used to increase the income of housewives in the village Mesjid Punteuet.
This paper looks at how Indonesia contributes to the creation of a relatively peaceful and stable Southeast Asian region after the Cold War. It examines Jakarta's diplomacy in the South China Sea, and explains its implications for the making of the regional order. The argument is that Indonesia's impact on regional security has been apparent in its attention to the improvement of rule-based interaction among states in the region. However, recent developments have demonstrated that Indonesia's initiatives, formulated in the Indo-Pacific Cooperation Concept, are unsuccessful due to the lack of support from other ASEAN states. This paper shows that great powers politics in the troubled waters has hindered the advancement of Indonesian's orderdriven policy.
After the Soviet break-up and the Marxist regime collapsed, many of alternative notions emerged in the academic community in Russia, including alternative ideas in the field of International Relations (IR). A number of Russian IR scholars attempted to reconstruct the theories of IR, not just the IR theories that developed in Russia during the era of Marxism, but also against Western IR theories. Although the post-Cold War aspirations to create a distinct national school of International Relations in Russia, but these efforts are not free from the ideology and political goal that directing and guiding Russian foreign policy. Even, IR scholars in Russia have come to shared with the Russian government in terms of building the IR theories with the Russian characteristics, especially in challenging Western hegemony in the social sciences and international relations. This article tries to elaborate three intellectual traditions of international relations that developed in Russia, namely Westernism, Statism, and Civilizationism. Westernizer IR heavily influenced by Western liberalism, Statism more inspired by the realism, while Civilizationism is more of a hybrid between the constructivism and Russian essentialism.
This study addresses the two-fold question of whether the integration-liberalization process of ASEAN is headed towards the creation of a single production base region, and how ASEAN links with other trade blocks. It looks into the degree of intra-ASEAN and extra-ASEAN vertical integration vis-à-vis North America, East Asia, and the European Union through the measurement of value-added creation-absorption in global value chains (GVC) and by locating ASEAN within vertical structures. The study employs an international input-output database and breaks up gross exports into different components of value-added using data from 1997, 2004, and 2012. ASEAN has made significant gains in integrating with East Asia. However, ASEAN as a single production region has gained little, and even lost share in value-added trade with NAFTA and Europe. The truth is that ASEAN has a stronger role across the GVC as a supplier of intermediate goods (33%) than as a supplier of final goods (30%). Vertical structures represent more than 43% of ASEAN gross exports, but it still depends on foreign parts and components (35%) to produce its exports. It may be argued that ASEAN + 6, which entails a wider scope of integration, might offer larger benefits to the ASEAN project.
This paper discusses the significance of NGOs in the context of improving social welfare in Indonesia. NGOs are civil society elements that grow in the 1970s, after the government fornm- lated the concept of developmentalism as an ideology of development. In this phase up strategic alliances with the state concerning the development of social welfare and success of the project. In the era of the 1990s, the NGO movement emerged with a strategy that is more opposition to the 1998 reform. While the post-reform effort came back redistribute role of NGOs in the social context has changed. Political openness encourages NGOs to build up new alliances with government and political parties, although this time with a field larger movement. The role of NGOs is not only at the level of empowerment and improvement of social welfare, but as elements that contribute to the creation of Good Governance. This paper concludes that the various shades of transformation that happened, NGOs remain an important element of government as partners in the social wel- fare community.Keywords :. Developmentalism, Good Governance, Civil Society and Paradigm.
Budgeting for a state or a country seems to be the most important part to handle administration and government policy in term of socio economic reason. In practice, a lot of government tends to subscribe a balance budget whereby it is striving to balance between revenues and expenditures accurately. Unfortunately, this balancing post uses a debt and foreign aid charged by interest to cover any shortage in revenues. In the real context, the budget deficit management based on debt is still controversial and considered inappropriate with developing country conditions which their economies are unstable and fluctuated. Unfortunately, many countries in the world including Muslim-populated countries subscribe budget deficit system whereby the sources of its fund are backed up by debt. The focus of this paper is to analyze two main sensitive issues of the Indonesian economy in the light of Maqasid Al Shariah. This study employs a method of literature review and combined with data analysis. Actually, Islam has a very rich literature legacy in administrating public sector economy and it becomes important theory and framework as a stance or point of view to analyze the prevailing system. The high interest rate payment is the main issue of public sector expenditure. Indonesian government seems no choices to resolve its public sector economy and relies too much on debt management. For social welfare expenditure there has been a misallocation in emphasizing budget expenditure whereby oil and petroleum subsidy consume almost majority of the total welfare expenditure in Indonesian public sector economy
In the implementarion of the simultaneously post election in 2018, the Election Commission of Republic Indonesian issued regulation No.5/2017 concerning compaign funds for the participants of the Governor an Deputy Governon, regent and Deputy Regent, and/or Mayor and deputy Mayor. This research is directed at the determinants of the compliance with the implementation of the Election Commission regulation, both by candidate pairs and by the political parties, whichs aims to find out what factors influence the implementaion of that KPU RI regulation. The assessment process is carried out objectively, systematically, rationally, which is supported by empirical facts in order to find the truth, for the the purpose of developing science, especially regional finance, which is related to compaign funds. The research technique was carried out with descriptive fenomenology, with the location of the study being the election commission located in 11 districts and 2 municipalities in South Kalimantan province. The descriptive fenomenology approach was used by researcher to explore the phnomenon because the participants wanted to know about it (as many as 10 key person as related informants) and the researchers acted as instrumentes in teh ddata collection process. The results of the study indicate that there are several things that have the potential to be determinants of the suitability of the implementation of The RI Election Commision regulation No.5/2017 are the electoral system and compaign finance management, the existence of a high-cost compaign process, the content of ele toral policies and the context of policy implementation (in relation of the level human resources competence, the availability of adewuate human resources, the power of actors in influencing the effectiveness for political elite).
Educational quality assurance is an important part of the education system, its function is to ensure that the education process goes according to plan and is able to achieve the goals effectively and efficiently. The implementation of Digital Assurance in the English Literature Department of Surakarta IAIN is one of the innovative steps in the quality assurance process at Surakarta IAIN. This paper will describe the transformation process that occurs in the implementation of Digital Assurance. Data obtained from interviews and documentation studies. The analysis carried out concluded that the transformation process of quality assurance based on Digital Assurance in the Department of English Literature used a Top-Down pattern. Transformation is supported by leadership factors and strong commitment, adequate human resource support and a conducive organizational ecosystem.
The power of movies are believed to be able to change the perception of international public towards particular country. Movies then became a popular thing as part of a country's cultural diplomacy because of its huge influence nowadays. A number of countries put movies as part of their cultural diplomacy. Likewise with Europe, which began to use Europe on Screen (EoS) as part of its cultural diplomacy. However, the debate about cultural diplomacy appears to be related to the objectives of cultural diplomacy itself. Some academicians believe that diplomacy is always related to the political goals of the state, while others believe that cultural diplomacy must be distinguished from other diplomatic activities because the aim is merely to foster mutual understanding and harmony through the introduction of culture. This article was written to understand the concept of cultural diplomacy and to know whether a movie can be part of cultural diplomacy, especially activities organized by Europe on Screen. This article will be presented by tracing back what is meant by cultural diplomacy and how the practice of cultural diplomacy through movies by a number of countries. By referring to the conception of cultural diplomacy and the practice of using movies by a number of countries, this article puts Europe on Screen as part of cultural diplomacy not because of the movies itself but from the overall project activities of the EoS. ; The power of movies are believed to be able to change the perception of international public towards particular country. Movies then became a popular thing as part of a country's cultural diplomacy because of its huge influence nowadays. A number of countries put movies as part of their cultural diplomacy. Likewise with Europe, which began to use Europe on Screen (EoS) as part of its cultural diplomacy. However, the debate about cultural diplomacy appears to be related to the objectives of cultural diplomacy itself. Some academicians believe that diplomacy is always related to the political goals of the state, while others believe that cultural diplomacy must be distinguished from other diplomatic activities because the aim is merely to foster mutual understanding and harmony through the introduction of culture. This article was written to understand the concept of cultural diplomacy and to know whether a movie can be part of cultural diplomacy, especially activities organized by Europe on Screen. This article will be presented by tracing back what is meant by cultural diplomacy and how the practice of cultural diplomacy through movies by a number of countries. By referring to the conception of cultural diplomacy and the practice of using movies by a number of countries, this article puts Europe on Screen as part of cultural diplomacy not because of the movies itself but from the overall project activities of the EoS.
