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The Impact of social transfers on poverty reduction in EU countries
Available studies indicate a strong negative correlation between poverty and social expenditures in EU countries. It means that the country's at-risk-of-poverty rate tends to erode with increasing social expenditure. However, the studies have demonstrated that the impact of government spending on poverty may vary according to the sector of spending, how well it is targeted, and the way in which it is financed. Some countries manage to achieve a rather significant poverty rate reduction even with relatively low, in the context of other Member States, social expenditure (percentage of GDP). This suggests that in order to reduce poverty rates, it is important to consider not only the amount allocated to social spending, but also the areas the social transfers are channelled to. The article aims to analyse how the composition and the extent of social spending/transfers may affect poverty reduction in EU countries. The analysis showed that social protection transfers reduce the percentage of people at-risk-of-poverty in all countries, however, to a very different extent. Regression analysis demonstrated that social exclusion and family/children expenditure was found to be the most important predictor for a relative antipoverty effect of social transfers: even a small percentage increase in such expenditure allows quite a significant increase in the relative antipoverty effect of social transfers.
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The Impact of social transfers on poverty reduction in EU countries
Available studies indicate a strong negative correlation between poverty and social expenditures in EU countries. It means that the country's at-risk-of-poverty rate tends to erode with increasing social expenditure. However, the studies have demonstrated that the impact of government spending on poverty may vary according to the sector of spending, how well it is targeted, and the way in which it is financed. Some countries manage to achieve a rather significant poverty rate reduction even with relatively low, in the context of other Member States, social expenditure (percentage of GDP). This suggests that in order to reduce poverty rates, it is important to consider not only the amount allocated to social spending, but also the areas the social transfers are channelled to. The article aims to analyse how the composition and the extent of social spending/transfers may affect poverty reduction in EU countries. The analysis showed that social protection transfers reduce the percentage of people at-risk-of-poverty in all countries, however, to a very different extent. Regression analysis demonstrated that social exclusion and family/children expenditure was found to be the most important predictor for a relative antipoverty effect of social transfers: even a small percentage increase in such expenditure allows quite a significant increase in the relative antipoverty effect of social transfers.
BASE
The Impact of social transfers on poverty reduction in EU countries
Available studies indicate a strong negative correlation between poverty and social expenditures in EU countries. It means that the country's at-risk-of-poverty rate tends to erode with increasing social expenditure. However, the studies have demonstrated that the impact of government spending on poverty may vary according to the sector of spending, how well it is targeted, and the way in which it is financed. Some countries manage to achieve a rather significant poverty rate reduction even with relatively low, in the context of other Member States, social expenditure (percentage of GDP). This suggests that in order to reduce poverty rates, it is important to consider not only the amount allocated to social spending, but also the areas the social transfers are channelled to. The article aims to analyse how the composition and the extent of social spending/transfers may affect poverty reduction in EU countries. The analysis showed that social protection transfers reduce the percentage of people at-risk-of-poverty in all countries, however, to a very different extent. Regression analysis demonstrated that social exclusion and family/children expenditure was found to be the most important predictor for a relative antipoverty effect of social transfers: even a small percentage increase in such expenditure allows quite a significant increase in the relative antipoverty effect of social transfers.
BASE
The Impact of social transfers on poverty reduction in EU countries
Available studies indicate a strong negative correlation between poverty and social expenditures in EU countries. It means that the country's at-risk-of-poverty rate tends to erode with increasing social expenditure. However, the studies have demonstrated that the impact of government spending on poverty may vary according to the sector of spending, how well it is targeted, and the way in which it is financed. Some countries manage to achieve a rather significant poverty rate reduction even with relatively low, in the context of other Member States, social expenditure (percentage of GDP). This suggests that in order to reduce poverty rates, it is important to consider not only the amount allocated to social spending, but also the areas the social transfers are channelled to. The article aims to analyse how the composition and the extent of social spending/transfers may affect poverty reduction in EU countries. The analysis showed that social protection transfers reduce the percentage of people at-risk-of-poverty in all countries, however, to a very different extent. Regression analysis demonstrated that social exclusion and family/children expenditure was found to be the most important predictor for a relative antipoverty effect of social transfers: even a small percentage increase in such expenditure allows quite a significant increase in the relative antipoverty effect of social transfers.
BASE
Poverty dynamics in Lithuania: persistence, transitions, triggers ; Skurdo dinamika Lietuvoje: ilgalaikiškumas, perėjimai, postūmiai
While Lithuania is among the countries with the highest at-risk-of-poverty rates in the European Union, poverty research has so far been dominated by cross-sectional poverty analysis. This paper is aimed at contributing to better understanding of poverty as a dynamic process in Lithuania by examining poverty risk persistence, transitions and triggers. The analysis is based on the longitudinal component of the Survey on Income and Living Conditions. The longitudinal at-risk-of-poverty rate within the four-year panels is estimated to be at around a third of the Lithuanian population within a period of 2005–2012. Poverty risk in Lithuania proved to be both widely spread and persistent. The major role of income events for poverty risk entries and exits highlights the importance of activation into work, especially as concerns secondary household earners and better income protection in Lithuania. While no robust evidence of poverty penalty was found for poverty exits, the incidence of poverty re-entries within the initial three-year period after poverty exit substantially exceeds poverty entry rates in the general population.
BASE
Poverty dynamics in Lithuania: persistence, transitions, triggers ; Skurdo dinamika Lietuvoje: ilgalaikiškumas, perėjimai, postūmiai
While Lithuania is among the countries with the highest at-risk-of-poverty rates in the European Union, poverty research has so far been dominated by cross-sectional poverty analysis. This paper is aimed at contributing to better understanding of poverty as a dynamic process in Lithuania by examining poverty risk persistence, transitions and triggers. The analysis is based on the longitudinal component of the Survey on Income and Living Conditions. The longitudinal at-risk-of-poverty rate within the four-year panels is estimated to be at around a third of the Lithuanian population within a period of 2005–2012. Poverty risk in Lithuania proved to be both widely spread and persistent. The major role of income events for poverty risk entries and exits highlights the importance of activation into work, especially as concerns secondary household earners and better income protection in Lithuania. While no robust evidence of poverty penalty was found for poverty exits, the incidence of poverty re-entries within the initial three-year period after poverty exit substantially exceeds poverty entry rates in the general population.
BASE
Poverty dynamics in Lithuania: persistence, transitions, triggers ; Skurdo dinamika Lietuvoje: ilgalaikiškumas, perėjimai, postūmiai
While Lithuania is among the countries with the highest at-risk-of-poverty rates in the European Union, poverty research has so far been dominated by cross-sectional poverty analysis. This paper is aimed at contributing to better understanding of poverty as a dynamic process in Lithuania by examining poverty risk persistence, transitions and triggers. The analysis is based on the longitudinal component of the Survey on Income and Living Conditions. The longitudinal at-risk-of-poverty rate within the four-year panels is estimated to be at around a third of the Lithuanian population within a period of 2005–2012. Poverty risk in Lithuania proved to be both widely spread and persistent. The major role of income events for poverty risk entries and exits highlights the importance of activation into work, especially as concerns secondary household earners and better income protection in Lithuania. While no robust evidence of poverty penalty was found for poverty exits, the incidence of poverty re-entries within the initial three-year period after poverty exit substantially exceeds poverty entry rates in the general population.
BASE
Poverty dynamics in Lithuania: persistence, transitions, triggers ; Skurdo dinamika Lietuvoje: ilgalaikiškumas, perėjimai, postūmiai
While Lithuania is among the countries with the highest at-risk-of-poverty rates in the European Union, poverty research has so far been dominated by cross-sectional poverty analysis. This paper is aimed at contributing to better understanding of poverty as a dynamic process in Lithuania by examining poverty risk persistence, transitions and triggers. The analysis is based on the longitudinal component of the Survey on Income and Living Conditions. The longitudinal at-risk-of-poverty rate within the four-year panels is estimated to be at around a third of the Lithuanian population within a period of 2005–2012. Poverty risk in Lithuania proved to be both widely spread and persistent. The major role of income events for poverty risk entries and exits highlights the importance of activation into work, especially as concerns secondary household earners and better income protection in Lithuania. While no robust evidence of poverty penalty was found for poverty exits, the incidence of poverty re-entries within the initial three-year period after poverty exit substantially exceeds poverty entry rates in the general population.
BASE
Skurdo kultūros apraškos Lietuvoje: studentų požiūris ; Manifestation of culture of poverty in Lithuania: students' point of view
This article aims to disclose the culture dimension of societal diversity, highlighting the negative culture as behaviour patterns and values as a whole, focusing on the case of culture of poverty. The phenomenon of manifestations of culture of poverty in Lithuanian society is analyzed.[.]
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Skurdo kultūros apraškos Lietuvoje: studentų požiūris ; Manifestation of culture of poverty in Lithuania: students' point of view
This article aims to disclose the culture dimension of societal diversity, highlighting the negative culture as behaviour patterns and values as a whole, focusing on the case of culture of poverty. The phenomenon of manifestations of culture of poverty in Lithuanian society is analyzed.[.]
BASE
Skurdo kultūros apraškos Lietuvoje: studentų požiūris ; Manifestation of culture of poverty in Lithuania: students' point of view
This article aims to disclose the culture dimension of societal diversity, highlighting the negative culture as behaviour patterns and values as a whole, focusing on the case of culture of poverty. The phenomenon of manifestations of culture of poverty in Lithuanian society is analyzed.[.]
BASE
Skurdo kultūros apraškos Lietuvoje: studentų požiūris ; Manifestation of culture of poverty in Lithuania: students' point of view
This article aims to disclose the culture dimension of societal diversity, highlighting the negative culture as behaviour patterns and values as a whole, focusing on the case of culture of poverty. The phenomenon of manifestations of culture of poverty in Lithuanian society is analyzed.[.]
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Understanding the poverty amelioration programmes of the congress ; Kongreso partijos skurdo mažinimo programos: Džavaharlalo Neru ir Indiros Gandi istorijos naratyvai
This article explores in details the poverty amelioration programmes which had been initiated by the Congress Party after independence during the Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi years.In a period of three decades,there were a number of strategies which were pursued to eradicate the high level of poverty which were prevailing in the rural areas of the country.By the end of the 1950s, there was a definite move to eradicate rural poverty through definite programmes.The absence of proper land reform legislations and the dominance of the upper and middle class leadership of the Congress prevented the Government machinery in initiating plans for the amelioration of the economic status of the small peasants and the agricultural labourers. The Nehruvian logic of an integrated agricultural development found shape in the Twenty Point Programme of the 1970s. These policies had their own successes and weaknesses and they could to some extent reduce the poverty figures by the early 1980s.The most interesting side of this narrative is the states' deep involvement with the poverty reduction schemes,which by the early 1980s came to be criticised by a dominant section of the Congress.Such debates were responsible for the shift towards a liberalized market economy in India which instead of reducing poverty, increased the prospects of a rich poor divide in the society.
BASE
Understanding the poverty amelioration programmes of the congress ; Kongreso partijos skurdo mažinimo programos: Džavaharlalo Neru ir Indiros Gandi istorijos naratyvai
This article explores in details the poverty amelioration programmes which had been initiated by the Congress Party after independence during the Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi years.In a period of three decades,there were a number of strategies which were pursued to eradicate the high level of poverty which were prevailing in the rural areas of the country.By the end of the 1950s, there was a definite move to eradicate rural poverty through definite programmes.The absence of proper land reform legislations and the dominance of the upper and middle class leadership of the Congress prevented the Government machinery in initiating plans for the amelioration of the economic status of the small peasants and the agricultural labourers. The Nehruvian logic of an integrated agricultural development found shape in the Twenty Point Programme of the 1970s. These policies had their own successes and weaknesses and they could to some extent reduce the poverty figures by the early 1980s.The most interesting side of this narrative is the states' deep involvement with the poverty reduction schemes,which by the early 1980s came to be criticised by a dominant section of the Congress.Such debates were responsible for the shift towards a liberalized market economy in India which instead of reducing poverty, increased the prospects of a rich poor divide in the society.
BASE