Prison service in view of total character and place of executable task is enforced affirmation of safety on purpose for with other discretional groups for optimization of operation society having cooperation. Operations related with assuring safety and there must be fitted cooperation affect for potential sources of threats new threats systematically appearing forcefully.
There are about 2.2 million prisoners in the USA. It is generally viewed that this number is a result of a too severe penal system connected with the introduction of the absolute intolerance for drug crimes policy. But not only gang members and drug dealers are doing time in prison, this system also applies to war veterans. In 2012, there were 181,500 veterans behind bars, especially participants of the recent wars. Most of them face problems with addiction or struggle with permanent unemployment, homelessness or psychological disorders. This phenomenon is alarming because veterans as a privileged group have a social, medical, education cover and all capabilities not to break the law. Veterans as former soldiers, disciplined and well familiar with criminal law, who received ethics and international humanitarian law training courses, from practical point of view should not break the rules stated by the legal system. The image of former veterans who served their country, totally disagree with penitentiary statistics. Recent years have shown that military service, especially in the area of conflict, may become a double-edged sword, and in fact veterans may pose a threat to society.
Today it is hard to understand, what brought the human to the idea of imprisonment: punishment and hurting, use of convicted as cheap labour force or re-training of the violator. But in the 3rd Century one of the famous Rome lawyers wrote: "The prison should serve as a place of imprisonment not as one of a punishment". United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners observes the convicted as personalities, being a part of the same society, which is existing outside penal institutions. Their return into the society's life should be facilitated by providing opportunities for education, which could be continued after the release. During the last ten days DVV International gathered rich experience in the field of adult learning in the penitentiary system of Central Asia. The Author of the present article, Project Manager of those initiatives, describes the activity of DVV International in the field of Adult Education in the Penitentiary system on the example of three countries of Central Asia: Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The Article contains approaches, methods and result of these actions. ; Dziś trudno zrozumieć, co doprowadziło człowieka do idei pozbawiania wolności: kara i zadawanie bólu, wykorzystywanie więźniów jako taniej siły roboczej czy resocjalizacja przestępcy. Jednak już w trzecim wieku jeden z najsłynniejszych rzymskich prawników napisał, że "więzienie powinno służyć jedynie jako miejsce zatrzymywania/przetrzymywania/ pozbawienia wolności, ale nie karania". Wzorcowe reguły minimalne postępowania z więźniami Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych (ONZ) traktują osadzonych jako jednostki będące częścią tego samego społeczeństwa, które funkcjonuje poza murami instytucji penitencjarnych. Zgodnie z nimi powrót więźniów do życia w społeczeństwie powinien być łatwiejszy poprzez zapewnienie im możliwości edukacji, którą będzie można kontynuować także po wyjściu na wolność, uwolnieniu. W ciągu ostatnich dziesięciu lat DVV International zgromadził bogate doświadczenie w dziedzinie kształcenia dorosłych w systemie penitencjarnym Azji Środkowej. Autorka niniejszego artykułu – Project Manager tych inicjatyw – opisuje działalność DVV International w dziedzinie edukacji dorosłych w systemie penitencjarnym na przykładzie trzech krajów Azji Środkowej: Uzbekistanu, Kirgistanu i Tadżykistanu. Artykuł zawiera podejścia/koncepcje, metody i wyniki tych działań.
Today it is hard to understand, what brought the human to the idea of imprisonment: punishment and hurting, use of convicted as cheap labour force or re-training of the violator. But in the 3rd Century one of the famous Rome lawyers wrote: "The prison should serve as a place of imprisonment not as one of a punishment". United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners observes the convicted as personalities, being a part of the same society, which is existing outside penal institutions. Their return into the society's life should be facilitated by providing opportunities for education, which could be continued after the release. During the last ten days DVV International gathered rich experience in the field of adult learning in the penitentiary system of Central Asia. The Author of the present article, Project Manager of those initiatives, describes the activity of DVV International in the field of Adult Education in the Penitentiary system on the example of three countries of Central Asia: Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The Article contains approaches, methods and result of these actions. ; Dziś trudno zrozumieć, co doprowadziło człowieka do idei pozbawiania wolności: kara i zadawanie bólu, wykorzystywanie więźniów jako taniej siły roboczej czy resocjalizacja przestępcy. Jednak już w trzecim wieku jeden z najsłynniejszych rzymskich prawników napisał, że "więzienie powinno służyć jedynie jako miejsce zatrzymywania/przetrzymywania/ pozbawienia wolności, ale nie karania". Wzorcowe reguły minimalne postępowania z więźniami Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych (ONZ) traktują osadzonych jako jednostki będące częścią tego samego społeczeństwa, które funkcjonuje poza murami instytucji penitencjarnych. Zgodnie z nimi powrót więźniów do życia w społeczeństwie powinien być łatwiejszy poprzez zapewnienie im możliwości edukacji, którą będzie można kontynuować także po wyjściu na wolność, uwolnieniu. W ciągu ostatnich dziesięciu lat DVV International zgromadził bogate doświadczenie w dziedzinie kształcenia dorosłych w systemie penitencjarnym Azji Środkowej. Autorka niniejszego artykułu – Project Manager tych inicjatyw – opisuje działalność DVV International w dziedzinie edukacji dorosłych w systemie penitencjarnym na przykładzie trzech krajów Azji Środkowej: Uzbekistanu, Kirgistanu i Tadżykistanu. Artykuł zawiera podejścia/koncepcje, metody i wyniki tych działań.
Political leadership is among the fundamental political-science categories, it remains to be defined clearly as a phenomenon. Nevertheless, as the years have passed, conditions in and around political systems have given rise to leadership models models describable in line with a triad of change from traditional leadership to marketing-oriented leadership and then to neo-leadership. The innovative definition of the latter has then been brought together with considerations of political image, with the resultant category then proving of interest to those researching either the political, or the sociological, or the communicological perspectives. The images of all key players in politics are both created and managed, while leadership that is actually effective or perceived to be so is essential if political power and support are to be built and maintained. The example of Polish President Andrzej Duda is here used in an analysis of the image of Head of State, in the circumstances of the 2015–2020 period overall, as well as the 2020 (re-) election campaign. This is done with a view to answering a general question regarding the extent to which a given politician (and here A. Duda specifically) is the creator or the prisoner of his/her own image. Account is thus taken of the factors shaping the image of this particular President (i.e. advisors and family, the media and the electorate). While the conclusions obtained here are not unequivocal, they do open up new questions relating to the future of leadership in times of crises and the existence of major populist movements. Consideration of these issues is here based mainly on the comparative and historical methods.
Based upon the novel Teatr w więzieniu [Theatre in Prison] (1921), the author has described various methods for defining this category. This institution develops its own ceremonial. Therefore, a performance in prison appears to be a parody of it, to be one of the shows – along sports competitions and circus performances – but also a method for defining interpersonal relations, as the characters, depicted as expert actors, precede Witold Gombrowicz's interactive people. Słonimski also ponders the consequences of the change in the hierarchy of arts, as theatrum mundi is replaced by cinematograph. However, the projected images, referencing Plato's cave, increase the sense of alienation. It is becoming progressively more evident that such a world transforms into a prison.
