Suchergebnisse

Finding free exercise of religion overridden by prison needs -- Declaring excessive physical force in a prison setting unconstitutional -- Upholding noncapital prison sentences under three-strikes laws -- Applying the prisoner right of habeas corpus to guant

Prison gangs are a growing problem in prisons. In recent times, Skarbek's (2011, 2014) governance theory has become increasingly popular in explaining their emergence. Yet, this theory downplays the role that deprivation and importation theories can play in understanding the emergence and behaviour of these gangs. This chapter seeks to address this shortcoming by demonstrating how the inclusion of these theories, alongside the governance theory, can enhance our understanding of prison gang emergence and when gang fragmentation or consolidation may occur. Drawing on research conducted in the US and beyond, this chapter argues that a holistic understanding of prison gangs and their monopolisation of power requires a consideration of the importation and deprivation theories, together with Skarbek's (2011, 2014) governance theory. Special attention is paid to the wider role political and social processes may play in influencing whether monopoly power by prison gangs is supported and legitimised or not.

1. Introduction -- PART I: Prison Officer Interpretations and Performances of Power and Authority -- 2. The moral value of authority: Reflections on the work of prison officers -- 3. Ukrainian prison officers and their power -- 4. French prison officers' legal socialization: 'The law, yes; prisoners' rights, no' -- 5. Proxy governance in (post) colonial prisons: When prison officers delegate power to prisoners -- PART II: Prison Officer Identities and Workplace Cultures -- 6. Dirty work and beyond: Representations of Prison Officers in Prison Films -- 7. "It's a very clannish type of job": Entitativity and identity in prison officers' occupational cultures and identities -- 8. 'Friendly but not friends' or 'Never trust the bastards'? Staff-prisoner interaction styles in Australia and Norway. 9. "It is important to be a prison officer and have trade union back up": Exploring trade union membership within the Scottish Prison Service -- 10. The prison officer in post-soviet Russia -- PART III: Implications of Prison Policy and Management for the Role of Prison Officers -- 11. "Prison officers should be treated fairly": Perceptions and experiences of fairness among prison officers in Ghana -- 12. Do risk-reducing measures only reduce risk? Prison officer work with risk-reducing measures in the imprisonment of a high-risk prisoner -- 13. Farewell to exceptionalism: An analysis of Swedish prisons officers' attitudes towards prison policy, organisation, and their occupational role in 2009 and 2019 -- 14. The role of prison officers in transforming prisoners' lives in Hong Kong -- 15. Locating Prison Officers in the prison reforms discourse: Insights from India -- PART IV: Working Conditions and Prison Officer Well-Being -- 16. The well-being of correctional officers in Canada -- 17. Fear and perceived risk among correctional officers -- 18. Prison Officers and their Work Routine in Brazilian Prisons -- 19. Conclusion: Towards a new research agenda to analyse the contemporary prison officer role.

Experiments in prison reform have often included efforts to democratize prisons. Such experiments were especially popular during the progressive era. Today, democratization efforts are congruent with management literature that describes employee participation and total quality of management initiatives through which organizations try to improve the quality of their products and services. Prison democratization can combine opportunities for staff involvement with enhanced prisoner participation. Inmates can be afforded a greater role in classification and programming decisions, and in determining policies that affect the quality of prison life. Such participatory approaches help to normalize prison life and contribute to the resocialization of offenders.

Dealing with crime is everyone's business. It demands a clear law enforcement response combined with significant efforts to address the root causes of crime, particularly poverty, racism, and overwhelmed families. As a society, we are spending the bulk of our resources on the most expensive response: incarceration. Traditional approaches to crime need to address the differences between men and women as these differences translate to appropriate reactions by the criminal justice system. For example, the Rockefeller drug laws in New York were meant to incarcerate high-level drug pushers for long terms. Instead, women in financial or family crises have been easy dupes for dealers who never handle their own drugs. These women do not dispute their guilt, but is their crime worth a 15-year minimum? Certainly, the public needs to make informed decisions about which women should be in prison and for how long and which women might be dealt with differently.

Drawing on survey data collected from 396 visitors to inmates at a medium-security prison, this research examines the experience of visiting inmates from the visitor's perspective. Data include visitors' demographics, relationships to inmates, social, psychological, and emotional contexts of visits, barriers to visitation, other means of maintaining contact, and perceptions of the visitation program. Analysis also shows that visitors'age, race, education, and frequency of visits are significantly related to perceptions of the visitation experience and environment. Discussion of the value of visitation programs and how correctional administrators can best structure and operate visitation programs is provided.

Intro -- Preface -- Description -- Contents -- Part I State of the Art Design -- 1 Smart Prison State of the Art Design -- 1.1 Architectural Methodology -- 1.2 Status and Gap -- 1.3 Smart Prison Business Structure -- 1.3.1 Component Business Model -- 1.3.2 Business Architecture -- 1.4 Smart Prison Data Architecture -- 1.4.1 Subject Domain -- 1.4.2 Data Architecture -- 1.5 Smart Prison Application Architecture -- 1.5.1 Target Path -- 1.5.2 Application Architecture -- 1.6 Smart Prison Technical Architecture -- 1.6.1 Key Technologies -- 1.6.2 Technical Architecture -- 1.7 Smart Prison Service Architecture -- 1.7.1 Service Reference Model -- 1.7.2 Service Architecture -- 2 Evaluation Indicators for Smart Prison -- 2.1 Description of Evaluation Indicators -- 2.2 Indicator System Design -- 2.3 Evaluation Index for Smart Prison-Concept Planning -- 2.4 Smart Prison Evaluation Index-Infrastructure -- 2.5 Evaluation Index of Smart Prison-Smart Application -- 2.6 Evaluation Index of Smart Prison-Construction Performance -- 2.7 Evaluation Indicators for Smart Prison-Support and Guarantee -- Part II Intelligent Security Protection -- 3 Prison IOT -- 3.1 System Architecture of the Internet of Things -- 3.2 Perception and Recognition of the Internet of Things -- 3.3 Applications of the Internet of the Things -- 3.3.1 Architecture of the Internet of Things in Prisons -- 3.3.2 Three Stages of the Development of the Internet of Things in Prisons -- 3.3.3 Middleware of the Internet of Things in Prisons -- 3.3.4 Internet of Things Security in Prisons -- 3.3.5 The Applications of the Internet of Things in Prisons -- 3.3.6 Wireless Positioning Technology Applicable for Prisons -- 3.3.7 Energy Consumption Management of Wireless Positioning -- 3.3.8 Electromagnetic Radiation of Wireless Positioning -- 4 Prison Cloud -- 4.1 Cloud Computing Architecture.

Prisons have undoubtedly changed over the years, as have penal practices in general, though more so in some countries than others. Prisons and prison systems have long been an overlooked part of criminal justice research, and as a result, limited material is available on many institutions. This comprehensive encyclopedia provides a historical overview of institutions and systems around the world, as well as penal theories, prisoner culture and life, and notable prisoners and personnel.||Readers will find a plethora of information including material on such famous prisons as the Tower of London

Several state prisons have provided tablets to imprisoned people which appears to be indicative of a larger trend to increase access to technology for imprisoned people. However, access to and the use of technology in prison has not been evaluated by social scientists. This study surveyed 70 prison officials from six states to report their attitudes toward access to and the use of tablets in prison for imprisoned people and for the prisons themselves. Survey results show that prison officials who work in prisons with more access to technology are more likely to believe technology to be a positive contribution for imprisoned people.