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AbstractThis paper examines whether the perceived risk of online purchasing by consumers varies with the frequency of previous purchases, satisfaction with previous purchase experiences, the good/service orientation of an intended purchase and the level of purchase decision involvement required. No association was found between the frequency of online purchasing and perceived risk, although satisfaction with prior internet purchases was negatively associated with the perceived risk of intended purchases, but only for low‐involvement products. Differences in perceived risk were associated with whether the intended purchase was a good or service and whether it was a high or low‐involvement product. Analysis of consumer perceived risks, disaggregated by type of risk and purchase situation, provides insight into impediments that may hinder the expansion of consumer purchasing using the internet. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications.

This study examined how consumption value theory, religious knowledge, website quality, and e-satisfaction influence consumers' online organic food purchasing behavior. This study collected 989 data points from Bangladeshi online organic food consumers using convenience sampling and analyzed them using SPSS and PLS 4.0-SEM. The results indicate that apart from epistemic value all other consumption values, such as functional, emotional, social and conditional influence online organic food purchases through the mediating effect of religious knowledge, website quality and e-satisfaction. Consumption value is an emerging theory in organic food purchasing research, a new phenomenon in this context. The current study makes a groundbreaking contribution to theory development and contextualization. Consumption value theory has been studied in organic food purchase research predominantly in developed nations. By investigating the theory in the context of online organic food purchasing behavior in Bangladesh, this study validates its generalizability and adds to the existing body of knowledge. In addition, the mediating role of religious knowledge in the relationship between organic food purchasing intention and purchasing decision online has been given little attention by the previous literature. The study proposes several strategies for organic food marketers that would stimulate consumers' values and relevant context, encouraging them to buy more organic food online, and thus increase the development and profit of online organic food businesses, which is extremely important toward creating a healthy nation.

Language within the 2018 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) seeks to improve the federal acquisition of commercial products through agency use of commercial e-commerce portals, requiring the General Services Administration (GSA) to establish a program and enter into contracts with commercial portal providers. While the GSA has long supported agencies through its own business-to-government (B2G) portal, Advantage, little is currently known about how commercial portals and their associated business-to-business (B2B) or B2G marketplaces may be able to support the needs of federal agencies and their personnel who acquire commercial products. Accordingly, our research seeks to identify comparative advantages and disadvantages of the federal government's largest online B2G marketplace, GSA Advantage, with a leading private-sector B2B marketplace, Amazon's Amazon Business. We focus on the benefits and limitations of each platform for government purchase cardholders, comparing prices, shipping costs, shipping time, ease of use, and customer satisfaction, while considering future improvement initiatives. Our findings highlight several benefits, limitations, and risks of each platform for repetitive, purchase cardヨbased transactions. ; Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research Program

Aim. To compare e-procurement models in the health care system of Ukraine and other countries of the world.Results. The study of the regulatory framework and the peculiarities of public procurement organization in the health care system in countries of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the European Community (EU). In order to simplify the international bidding procedures of WTO member countries in accordance with the Revised Public Procurement Agreement (GPA), which entered into force on 6.04.2014, a single legal framework and information space established, national and international electronic portals are used. Public procurement in the EU market is governed by the relevant Directives (the EU Procurement Directives). Ukraine's public procurement market is dynamically evolving and reforming to ensure transparency, open procurement procedures, cost savings and avoid corruption. Public procurement in Ukraine is about 13 % of GDP, which is in line with European practice. Legislation in the field of public procurement harmonized with international standards. The ProZorro e-Procurement System is recognized as one of the best in the world, but needs improved regulatory framework to increase accountability and professionalize users.Conclusions. Generalization and use of foreign experience will improve the public procurement system in the field of health care. ; Целью исследования является сравнение моделей электронных публичных закупок в системе здравоохранения (ЗО) Украины и странах мира.Результаты. Проведено исследование нормативно-правового регулирования и особенностей организации публичных закупок в ЗО в странах Всемирной торговой организации (ВТО) и Европейского Сообщества (ЕС). С целью упрощения процедур международных торгов стран-членов ВТО в соответствии с пересмотренным соглашением о государственных закупках (GPA), вступившим в силу 6.04.2014 г., создано единое правовое поле и информационное пространство, используются национальные и международные электронные порталы. Публичные закупки на рынке ЕС регулируются соответствующими Директивами (the EU Procurement Directives). Рынок публичных закупок Украины динамично развивается и реформируется с целью обеспечения прозрачности, открытости процедур закупок, экономии средств и недопущения коррупционных нарушений. Объем государственных закупок в Украине составляет около 13 % ВВП, что соответствует общеевропейской практике. Законодательство в сфере публичных закупок гармонизировано с международными нормами. Электронная система закупок ProZorro признана одной из лучших в мире, но нуждается в усовершенствовании нормативно-правового регулирования по повышению ответственности и профессионализации пользователей.Выводы. Обобщение и использование зарубежного опыта позволит усовершенствовать систему публичных закупок в области здравоохранения. ; Метою дослідження є порівняння моделей електронних публічних закупівель у системі охорони здоров'я (ОЗ) України та країнах світу.Результати. Проведене дослідження нормативно-правового регулювання та особливостей організації публічних закупівель в ОЗ у країнах Світової організації торгівлі (СОТ) та Європейського Співтовариства (ЄС). З метою спрощення процедур міжнародних торгів країн-членів СОТ відповідно до Переглянутої Угоди про державні закупівлі (GPA), яка набрала чинності 6.04.2014 р., створено єдине правове поле та інформаційний простір, використовуються національні та міжнародні електронні портали. Публічні закупівлі на ринку ЄС регулюються відповідними Директивами (the EU Procurement Directives). Ринок публічних закупівель України динамічно розвивається та реформується з метою забезпечення прозорості, відкритості процедур закупівель, економії коштів та уникнення корупційних порушень. Обсяг державних закупівель в Україні складає близько 13 % ВВП, що відповідає загальноєвропейській практиці. Законодавство в сфері публічних закупівель гармонізоване з міжнародними нормами. Електронна система закупівель ProZorro визнана однією з найкращих у світі, але потребує удосконалення нормативно-правового регулювання щодо ідвищення відповідальності та професіоналізації користувачів.Висновки. Узагальнення та використання закордонного досвіду дозволить удосконалити систему публічних закупівель у галузі ОЗ.

The availability of broadband internet and increased access to computers has been instrumental in the rise of internet literacy in Malaysia. This development has led to the adoption of online shopping by many Malaysians. On another note, the Government has supported the development and production of local herbal products. This has resulted in an increase in the production and diversity of products by SMEs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the Malaysian demographic factors and selected attitudinal characteristics in relation to the online purchasing of herbal products. In total, 1054 internet users were interviewed online and Chi-square analysis was used to determine the relationship between demographic variables and different aspects of online shopping for herbal products. The overall results show that the demographic variables such as age, gender, education level, income and ethnicity were significant when considering the online shopping antecedents of trust, quality of herbal products, perceived risks and perceived benefits.

Language within the 2018 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) seeks to improve the federal acquisition of commercial products through agency use of commercial ecommerce portals, requiring the General Services Administration (GSA) to establish a program and enter into contracts with commercial portal providers. While the GSA has long supported agencies through its own business-to-government (B2G) portal, Advantage, little is currently known about how commercial portals and their associated business-to-business (B2B) or B2G marketplaces may be able to support the needs of federal agencies and their personnel who acquire commercial products. Accordingly, our research seeks to identify comparative advantages and disadvantages of the federal government's largest online B2G marketplace, GSA Advantage, with a leading private-sector B2B marketplace, Amazon's Amazon Business. We focus on the benefits and limitations of each platform for government purchase cardholders, comparing prices, shipping costs, shipping time, ease of use, and customer satisfaction, while considering future improvement initiatives. Our findings highlight several benefits, limitations, and risks of each platform for repetitive, purchase cardヨbased transactions. ; Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research Program