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Although the trade union and producer co-operative movements have similar historical roots and share many common aims, the relationships between the two have often been uneasy. As the number of new producer co-operatives has recently increased rapidly in many Western countries this paper aims to reexamine the relationship between the two movements. The paper is in two parts. The first part re-appraises some of the arguments against trade unions supporting producer co-operatives. The second part describes the role that trade unions could play both within individual producer co-operatives and in the wider movement. The author concludes that both movements have much to gain from closer collaboration.

This book presents International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium commissioned papers. The papers systematically explore the conceptual and empirical dimensions of the new trade theory and try to determine the potential application to agricultural trade and trade policy analysis.

With reference to India

The crisis in agricultural commodities is closely linked to issues of poverty and environmental degradation. Dealing with entrenched rural poverty and major impacts from agriculture on ecosystem viability requires a new look at how commodity markets succeed or fail. There is a need for better understanding of how commodity markets work and how policy makers and businesses can intervene to introduce fairness, justice and sustainability into these markets. This challenging context provides the background for this book, which brings together an edited selection of papers prepared for two strategic dialogues on commodities, trade and sustainable development, jointly convened by IIED and the ICTSD

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Agricultural Policy Changes, GATT Negotiations, and the U.S.-E.C. Agricultural Trade Conflict -- PART ONE U.S.-E.C. TRADE RELATIONS IN A CHANGING GLOBAL CONTEXT -- 2 U.S.-E.C. Trade Relations in a Changing Global Context -- Discussion -- PART TWO U.S. AGRICULTURAL AND TRADE POLICIES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S.-E.C.AGRICULTURAL TRADE RELATIONS -- 3 U.S. Domestic Policy and U.S.-E.C. Trade -- Discussion -- 4 Agricultural Trade Relations Between the United States and the European Community: Recent Events and Current Policy -- Discussion -- PART THREE CHANGES IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S.-E.C. AGRICULTURAL TRADE RELATIONS -- 5 Nature and Causes of CAP: Changes in the 1980s and a Tentative Exploration of Potential Scenarios -- Discussion -- 6 The CAP Reform and E.C.-U.S. Relations: The GATT as a Cap on the CAP -- Discussion -- 7 The CAP in a Growing E.C. and in a Rapidly Changing European Political Scenario: Its Implications for U.S.-E.C. Agricultural Trade Relations -- Discussion -- PART FOUR GATT NEGOTIATIONS AND NORTH AMERICAN-EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL TRADE RELATIONS -- 8 The U.S.-E.C. Confrontation in the GATT from a U.S.Perspective: What Did We Learn? -- Discussion -- 9 The U.S.-E.C. Confrontation in the GATT from an E.C.Perspective: What Did We Learn? -- Discussion -- 10 U.S.-E.C. Farm Trade Confrontation: An Outsider's View -- Discussion -- PART FIVE U.S.-E.C. AGRICULTURAL TRADE RELATIONS: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? -- 11 U.S.-E.C. Agricultural Trade Relations:Where Do We Go from Here? -- PART SIX ADDITIONAL DIMENSIONS IN AGRICULTURAL POLICY CHANGES AND NORTH AMERICAN-EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL TRADE RELATIONS -- 12 GATT and CAP Reform: Different, Similar, or Redundant?.

Issued May 1978. ; Bibliography: p. 9. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"September 1993"--P. [i]. ; "Papers first presented at the 1990 Annual Meeting of the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium"--P. [i]. ; Title from cover. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Traditional explanations of interaction (trade) in city systems fail to capture the breadth and complexity of extraregional markets in the producer services. Building on market‐process theory, which argues that markets are adaptive and rarely in equilibrium, the development of extraregional trade in the producer services was investigated as a form of firm‐level entrepreneurship. While firms' entrepreneurial behaviors are influenced by a variety of internal characteristics, such as entrepreneurial spirit, size, age, and ownership, it is argued that a firm's location is an important conditioning factor on the degree of success it achieves with market expansion. The hypothesis is evaluated using spatial market extent data developed from a survey of 615 producer service firms located in 16 Midwest cities. A firm's degree of entrepreneurship is indexed by a qualitative assessment of its marketing activities, ranging from "aggressive" to "none." Cox proportional hazards models, in a spatial‐analog of survival analysis, were used to examine the influence of entrepreneurship on the spatial extents of firms' markets. The results confirm that location, more so than firm size or age, has a significant influence on the spatial extent of a firm's extraregional trade. The influence of location is generally complex: surfacing directly as a market scale effect, and indirectly as a conditioning factor on the success of a firm's entrepreneurial behavior. The results suggest that extraregional trade in producers services is predicated on more than just production cost (i.e., internal or external scale economies) or distribution cost (i.e., distance) factors, and that behavioral theories of the market can provide meaningful insight into the geography of market interaction.

This article analyzes the multifaceted connections linking consumers and producers in expanding North/South Fair Trade coffee networks. I develop a commodity network framework that builds on the commodity chain tradition, integrating insights from cultural studies, actor–network theory, and conventions approaches. This framework illuminates how material and ideological relations are negotiated across production and consumption arenas. In the case of Fair Trade, progressive ideas and practices related to trust, equality, and global responsibility are intertwined with traditional commercial and industrial conventions. As I demonstrate, the negotiation of these divergent conventions shortens the social distance between Fair Trade coffee consumers and producers. I conclude that by re–linking consumers and producers, commodity network analysis provides a robust entré for academic inquiry and engagement in alternative food politics.