Suchergebnisse

A major value of any international meeting lies in the opportunity it provides for interchange of views and experience among delegates from all parts of the world. At the Eleventh International Congress of Schools of Social Work, special emphasis was placed on discussion in small groups of the major theme of the Congress. The following reports summarize the major subject areas covered by three English-speaking groups, one French- speaking group, and four groups in which Spanish and Portuguese were the languages of communication. The summary reports which were presented at a general session on August 17, 1962 were based on accounts prepared by the chairmen and recorders of each of the groups. The IASSW takes this opportunity to express its great appreciation to the general rapporteurs, the chairmen and the recorders for their immensely valuable contribution to the success of the Congress.

The European Parliamentary Assembly met in ordinary session from May 12 to 14, 1959, at Strasbourg. One of the principal points on the agenda was the proposed creation of a European University. While it was admitted that, for the time being, it was essential for the proposed institute to concentrate on nuclear and technical research, most of the speakers agreed that the European University should progressively be extended to include other branches of learning such as European law. Furthermore, the University should not be limited to Six-Power Europe but should be open to professors and students from all the countries of Kurope. In a resolution adopted at the close of the discussion, the Assembly requested the executives of the three Communities and the Councils of Ministers to unite their efforts to create a European University destined to serve the interests of the European Communities and their overseas countries and territories, through the development of scientific and technical research, the study of social and economic science, philosophy, and history, and the elaboration and development of Community law.

The framework for professional educ in recreation developed primarily from recommendations of national conferences on the subject. The trend is for increasing emphasis on broad general foundations in humanities & soc sci's with opportunities for specialization in various aspects--hosp, industry, municipal, admin--to be centered in the upper division & graduate levels. Problems are: supply of potential leaders, org'al patterns, accreditation, institutional roles, professional standards. Needs are: more evaluation, more res, higher standards. Suggested guidelines are: cooperative effort, flexibility in approach, balanced offerings, & reflection of the needs of the profession & society. AAAPSS.

The growth of the demand for recreation services has been accom panied by a movement toward professional consciousness. Numerous societies now need to consider their goals and study their overlapping membership and functions. To strengthen the professional voice of recreation, some consolida tion is necessary.

The framework for professional education in recreation developed primarily from recommendations of national conferences on the subject. The trend is for increasing emphasis on broad general foundations in humanities and social sciences with opportunities for specialization in various aspects—hospital, industry, municipal, administration—to be centered in the upper division and graduate levels. Problems are: supply of potential leaders, organizational pat terns, accreditation, institutional roles, professional standards. Needs are: more evaluation, more research, higher standards. Suggested guidelines are: coopera tive effort, flexibility in approach, balanced offerings, and reflection of the needs of the profession and society.

By the Rome treaties of March 25, 1957, which established the European Economic Community (EEC or common market) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), five major institutions were created to serve the Communities. Three of these organs, the Assembly, the Court of Justice, and the Economic and Social Committee, were to be the same for both Communities, under the conditions respectively laid down in the two treaties, while the other two institutions, the Council and the Commission, were to remain separate. According to the Convention which dealt with the institutions common to the Communities, the Assembly was to replace the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and the Court of Justice was to replace the Court provided for in the treaty establishing ECSC. The Economic and Social Committee was to serve only EEC and Euratom since ECSC was already served by a comparable body, the Consultative Committee.

The second half of the adjourned May 1958 session of the European Parliamentary Assembly was held June 21 to June 27, 1958.1 After holding two ballots, it was decided to recommend Brussels as the site of the European Community's institutions and the future capital of six-nation Europe. The resolution passed by the Assembly recommended that: the executives of the three Communities be grouped in one place; the Assembly's secretariat be located in the same place where the Assembly's standing committees would also meet; the capital be a European district similar to the District of Columbia in the United States; and there might be reasons to hold plenary sessions of the Assembly outside the chosen place, and while in principle all the Community's institutions should be situated in that place, the Court of Justice, the Investment Bank, and the European University could be situated elsewhere if that would facilitate the concentration of the political bodies in one place.

The European Parliamentary Assembly held its second meeting in Strasbourg, May 13 and 14, 1958, under the chairmanship of Robert Schuman. Mr. Paul Finet, President of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), presented the sixth general report on ECSC activities. Speaking of developments which the High Authority had to take into account in planning its future action, Mr. Finet referred to the direct exposure of the coal and steel industries to the consequences of an economic recession, the increasing competition and falling prices on the steel market, the need for stabilization of coal production and consumption, and the desirability of encouraging technical research and increasing safety in the mines. Turning to the matter of ECSC's cooperation with the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community, Mr. Finet pointed out that the absence of a decision concerning the seat of the European institutions constituted a major obstacle, but that the High Authority was ready to contribute toward further integration of the communities. Regarding a free trade area, the High Authority considered it essential that ECSC's power of action within the community should remain unimpaired. The High Authority believed that the price-fixing system prevailing within the European Economic Community called for the adoption of similar rules within the free trade area and that the granting of governmental subsidies should be prohibited.

The European Parliamentary Assembly met in ordinary session from October 21 to 24, 1958, at the House of Europe in Strasbourg. After M. Robert Schuman, President of the Assembly, had opened the proceedings, statements were made on the activities of the European Economic Community (EEC or common market) during the first nine months of its existence and on the activities of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). In regard to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the Assembly heard a statement by M. Pierre Wigny, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Belgium, in which he noted the present coal crisis in Europe, and the differences between the common market and the free trade area—the one aiming for progressive integration, the other only for facilitating trade. This speaker was followed by M. Paul Finet, President of the High Authority of ECSC, who set out the present situation concerning coal in the common market area. He stated that the situation was undeniably serious and pointed out that pithead stocks had more than trebled, rising from 7 million metric tons in 1957 to 22 million tons in 1958. Belgium and Germany had been particularly hard-hit. He reviewed the action taken by the High Authority in trying to make the marketing rules more flexible and to stabilize production and imports, and appealed to the Parliament for support in these proposals, which had been made to the Council of Ministers of ECSC. A debate ensued on the general subject of the European communities.

Utopian communities‐an alternative community form–vary from large, comprehensive settlements in which most aspects of life are collectively organized to small informal households low on comprehensiveness and collectivization, like many contemporary communes. The initial stages, organizational problems, politics, and economic organization of both highly‐structured large communes and minimally‐structured small communes are discussed.

The press reported that the European Parliamentary Assembly, meeting on March 28–April 1, 1960, began its session with the election of Prof. Hans Furler, head of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the West German Bundestag, to the presidency, succeeding Robert Schuman of France. The voting reflected party alignment that ignored the nationalities of the members, Dr. Furler, candidate of the Democratic Christian group, having defeated Gaetano Martino of Italy, candidate of the Liberal group. The Socialists, the third party in the Parliament, had not presented a candidate. Prior to a debate on economic policy, Dr. Furler took the rostrum to thank Mr. Schuman for his efforts on behalf of the European Communities, as it was he who had started the six-nation federation with his proposal for the combination of French and West German coal and steel production. Dr. Furler then asked the Parliament to establish the common market at a faster pace than that specified in the 1957 Treaty of Rome, which had brought the market into existence. In this he was aided by Walter Hallstein, president of the Administrative Commission of the European Economic Community (EEC), who explained the proposals for acceleration of the common market and urged their support as a defense against any Soviet trade war against the West. The proposals centered around a 30-percent reduction in the internal customs of the six member states by July 1, 1960, as well as a start toward the establishment of a common exterior tariff. The members had reservations against the plan, but expressed general support for it in a resolution which received near-unanimous approval (the exceptions being one negative vote and two abstentions).