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Independent variables that facilitate the development of a professional self-concept among teaching assistants in graduate school are researched in a study involving 364 graduate teaching assistants at Florida State U, during the Spring 1969-70 academic year. Data were collected by means of a mailed questionnaire. The dependent variable is professional self-concept, with professional role-enactment, exposure to graduate school, perceived success, career expectations, autonomy & previous experience being the independent variables. 0-order relationships & J. Coleman's measure of effect parameters were used to measure the relationships. The findings were compared to those of previous research in the field of professional self-concept, & found to support conclusions there. Role-enactment explains the most variation, with exposure second. While autonomy does not have a strong independent effect on self-concept, its interaction with role-enactment, exposure, & perceived success suggest it to be a possible important positive or negative part of the professionalization process & worthy of consideration. The pros & cons of teaching assistantship in developing professional self-concept are discussed, & the implications of the study, since all independent variables have some impact in forming professional self-concept, are pointed out as important in achieving maximum development of a professional self-concept. 6 Tables. S. Coler.

Essential portions of a report prepared for UNESCO are presented. Reactions by social scientists to dilemmas related to the risks & benefits of research have resulted in 'the applied professional model' which consists of an explicit set of codes & penalties for noncompliance. A survey of over 300 national associations of anthropologists, economists, political scientists, psychiatrists, psychologists, & sociologists obtained from international associations was undertaken in 1973 & 1974. 24 responded with codes of ethics, & a composite code was developed by listing all unique statements relating to the conduct of research. The same was done for problems associated with the use of scientific findings, based on the 5 codes of the 24 which included such provisions. Both sets of principles are presented. Little attention was given to sanctions, which limits the use of the applied professional model as an appropriate control model. Some of the problems associated with the model stem from innate differences between applied professionals & scientific investigators. As an alternative, a research protocol-licensed investigator procedure is proposed, which concludes Part I of the report. Part II discusses 3 interrelated issues: (1) different ways in which mankind may not realize benefits from scientific knowledge or in some way be harmed by it, (2) the scientist's responsibility for benefits foregone or harm produced, & (3) the ability of scientists to apply control mechanisms to minimize benefits foregone or harm when scientific knowledge is applied to specific situations. Part III discusses the interrelationships between the scientific enterprise & societal decision-makers. Both structural relationships & values are included, with some emphasis on matters arising from incongruence between political values of scientific investigators & decision-makers. 1 Table, 1 Appendix. J. N. Mayer.

The idea of a general professional/bureaucrat conflict has a very narrow empirical base. It is suggested that such conflict may be `value specific' or `role specific'. To test this, a sample of members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants was drawn as a criterion professional group, because of the equal distribution of its members between private practice and industry. The profession's values were operationalized in specific terms as being concerned with `caution', `exactitude', `anti-theoretical pragmatism', `professional exclusiveness', `quantification' and `rationality'. Differences between members of the profession in private practice and in industry were shown on the first four of these values. A further sample of Accountants in industry showed that the values of `quantification' and `rationality' did not differ between holders of different roles in industry, which accorded with the hypothesized functionality of these values. The extent to which the other values were held was shown to vary with aspects of the role relationships in which the Accountant finds himself in industry.

In his status as a minor, the child is deprived of self-determination & self-manag. The guardian, whether parent, adoptive parent, or judicially appointed person, represents the child's rights & interests in a personal relationship with the child. Studies show, however, that this protective law is almost completely neglected in the actual practice of courts & community soc agencies serving children, despite mounting evidence of the effect of improper guardianship in child neglect, abuse, exploitation, nonsupport, running away, falling into trouble with the law, & so on. The US Children's Bur has made a start toward corrective legislation & practices by suggesting principles & language for legislation which defines & distinguishes key terms at law & clarifies authority & professional relationships with children. AA.

Basic guarantees of American law for protection of the person against unauthorized control by others, respect for the dignity and rights of the individual, and effective par ticipation in community life are safeguarded for the child by a special protective status and protective relationship. In his status as a minor, the child is deprived of self-determination and self-management. The guardian, whether parent, adoptive parent, or judicially appointed person, represents the child's rights and interests in a personal relationship with the child. Studies show, however, that this protective law is almost com pletely neglected in the actual practice of courts and community social agencies serving children, despite mounting evidence of the effect of improper guardianship in child neglect, abuse, exploitation, nonsupport, running away, falling into trouble with the law, and so on. The United States Children's Bureau has made a start toward corrective legislation and practices by suggesting principles and language for legislation which defines and distinguishes key terms at law and clarifies authority and professional relationships with children.

US technical assistants abroad frequently experience a range of frustrations & stresses in carrying out their overseas professional & work roles. They manifest these frustrations esp in the antagonism & criticisms directed against the US work org's, their US colleagues, &, to a lesser extent, host nat'ls & their bur'cies. Recent studies provide evidence of the roleshock phenomenon & help to identify these major professional problems of the US technical assistant abroad: ambiguity in the professional role, relationships with host-country counterparts, COMM & participation in the indigenous hierarchy, the admin'ive context of the project, & the complex demands of development. Despite their frustrations, most R's view their own efforts as successful & their professional qualifications as more than equal to the challenges of the overseas situations. They report a vast range of personal dividends for themselves & their fam's, although most assess the professional returns from the experience as being minimal. Through the mechanism of technical assistance, several thousand additional US citizens each yr find their first opportunity to travel, live, & work abroad. In so doing, they are helping to build & define a `3rd culture' of intersocietal relationships. HA.

American technical assistants abroad frequently experience a range of frustrations and stresses in carrying out their overseas professional and work roles. They manifest these frustrations particularly in the antagonism and criti cisms directed against the American work organizations, their American colleagues, and, to a lesser extent, host nationals and their bureaucracies. Recent studies provide evidence of the role-shock phenomenon and help to identify these major professional problems of the United States technical assistant abroad: ambiguity in the professional role, relationships with host-country counterparts, communication and participation in the indigenous hierarchy, the administrative context of the project, and the complex demands of development. Despite their frustrations, most respondents view their own efforts as successful and their professional qualifications as more than equal to the challenges of the overseas situations. They re port a vast range of personal dividends for themselves and their families, although most assess the professional returns from the experience as being minimal. Through the mech anism of technical assistance, several thousand additional Americans each year find their first opportunity to travel, live, and work abroad. In so doing, they are helping to build and define a "third culture" of intersocietal relationships.

Hosp's are among the most complex org's in modern society, characterized by extremely fine DofL & an exquisite repertory of technical skill. The major hospital embraces multiple goals, chiefly patient care, teaching, & res. It is at once a hotel, a treatment center, a laboratory, a U. Because the instit's work is so specialized, staffed by a variety of professional & technical personnel, there are very important problems of coordination & authority. Paramount in the soc structure are relationships between patients & hospital staff & among staff members. The patient, both client & product of the org, enters a therapeutic situation in which his style is largely passive. He encounters the MD - like himself, a `guest' of the hospital - & the nurse, who is the full-time symbol of the org's atmosphere. The MD is undergoing a shift from his older charismatic role toward a more nearly bur'tic niche in the hosp. Staff relationships are distinguished by unclear patterns of authority & intense competition for spheres of competence & prestige. The MD is implicated as the professional least amenable to hierarchical control & the leading figure in skill & status. Although the hospital illustrates vital, unresolved issues in the org of work, it flourishes under the impetus of professional zeal & patients' needs. AA.

When sex educ is properly recognized for what it is, a birth to death continuum, the increase of awareness of & involvement in it as. a process on the part of society's instit's, both Sch & church, is striking in recent yrs. This involvement is looked upon as complementary & supplementary to the role of the fam, & is being recognized as requiring didactic & pedagogic preparation. Thus, the N of Sch's, public, private, & parochial, engaged in developing sex educ programs is increasing daily, as are teacher-training programs in instit's of higher learning. Movement away from emphasis on details of reproduction & into the area of the dynamics of M-F roles & relationships has been spearheaded by the major religious communities, which can be expected to continue & expand their leadership roles at both nat'l & community levels. Other professional disciplines, esp in medicine, are also studying their roles in educ for sexuality. HA.