Suchergebnisse

"This Chapter concentrates on the key factors determining professional practices of media reporting on European matters, namely, it identifies internal organisationalspecifics of the Brussels news site and shows the challenges that journalists face in the process of becoming familiar with this news environment; it discusses the priorities according to which news are selected when reporting an European matters and assesses the press-politics relationship from the perspective of journalists' communication with political sources. Chapter 4 also explores the contradiction between globalism and localism, emerging in connection with the hierarchies of news values and newsworthiness criteria guiding professional practices." (author's abstract)

Discusses personal experiences as a feminist academic in a women's studies program since the 1970s. Early years out of school were spent as a temporary lecturer with little stability. A tenure-track position in a women's studies program in the Netherlands was viewed as ideal in that it allowed stability but retained a space for open feminist criticism. Although feminist studies is well established in the Netherlands, it is shown that women still face a considerable gender gap at the highest levels. Under conditions of fiscal austerity, this marginalization has meant that these programs are constantly on the verge of being cut. This instability has strained relations between feminist scholars, as more well-known scholars lose close relationships with others & competition drives a wedge between all concerned. Considerable tension also exists concerning the amount of power & manner by which feminist scholars exercise power in their administrative positions. Proposals for making women's studies programs a more secure & hospitable environment are considered. 13 References. D. M. Ryfe

Discusses the social role of the female academic, drawing on personal experience as a white, lesbian working-class scholar. Distant physical separation from the university is but the first boundary between the personal & professional life of this scholar. Other boundaries include those between being a professional social worker & a scholar. In the midst of crossing these boundaries, identity is fragmented along a host of lines, eg, class, sexual orientation, profession, & gender. This fragmented sense of self opens a number of avenues through which to establish relationships with students. Though the reality of multiple identities is configured differently for different women, all feminist scholars must face the reality of the present university context as a social institution beset by cuts in financing, greater regulation of faculty & students, & a more market-oriented atmosphere. 5 References. D. M. Ryfe

Das Lernumfeld und die Betreuungsvernetzung charakterisieren die Promotionsphase. Doch besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Promotionsbetreuung und der beruflichen Entwicklung? Die Studie analysierte wissenschaftliche Netzwerke von 41 Promovierten eines Bildungsforschungsverbunds in Deutschland. Die Datenerhebung umfasste ihre wissenschaftlichen Aktivitäten (Publikationen, Forschungsprojekte; 2000 bis 2010) und ihre berufliche Entwicklung. Die Promotionsbetreuung wurde methodisch mithilfe der Typenbildung analysiert, wodurch drei Konstellationen identifiziert wurden: der individuelle Typ mit starken Betreuungsbeziehungen, der Team-Typ mit breiten Netzwerken und der 'community of practice'-Typ mit vielen schwachen Beziehungen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen schwache Zusammenhänge zwischen der erreichten beruflichen Position und dem Lernumfeld sowie den Betreuungsnetzwerken. Professor/innen entwickelten häufiger große wissenschaftliche Netzwerke mit schwachen Beziehungen und profitierten von größeren Betreuungsnetzwerken. Demnach sinkt der Stellenwert der Betreuungsbeziehung bei höheren wissenschaftlichen Positionen. Zugleich bieten größere Forschungsteams ein höheres Vernetzungspotential. (DIPF/Orig.).;;;The learning environment and the supervision network characterize the promotion phase. But is there a connection between supervision and professional career? In this study, academic networks of 41 former Ph.D. students were analyzed, who took part in an educational research program in Germany. The collected data consist of their academic activities (publications and research projects from 2000 to 2010) and their professional career. The supervisor relationship was analyzed using qualitative typology as method and identifying three constellations: an individual type with strong supervisor relationships, a team type with broad networks and a 'community of practice'-type with many weak relationships. The results show a weak connection between the achieved academic position and learning environment as well as supervisor network. Professors had built large academic networks with weak relationships more often and benefited from supervision groups involving peers. In conclusion, the importance of the supervisor relationship declines with rising academic position. At the same time, larger research teams offer a higher networking potential. (DIPF/Orig.).

"The frontier between the south of Spain and Portugal is established by the river Guadiana. Next to the sea, the cities of Ayamonte (Spain) and Vila Real de Santo António (Portugal) are facing each other on opposite banks of the river. The research on which this chapter is based focuses on these two cities. The authors study specifically personal and social relationships and processes of the identity building of experts on cross-border cooperation in the southern European cross-border area of Spain and Portugal. Are the experts who are frequently involved in cross-border experiences, as a result of their personal and professional lives, experiencing or having transnational lives and transnational flows? To answer this question the authors analysed the biographies of a wide range of people with different life experiences regarding cross-border cooperation in both countries. The interviews were open-ended and included a structured module for analysing the social networks of the respondents. The results suggest that there are no traces of a significant transnational character in the relationships established in this particular cross-border area." (author's abstract)

Changes in societies and communication technologies are forcing universities and related post-secondary institutions to change quite significantly. Some of these institutions face threats to their existence; many institutions will have to adopt new structures and find new rationales to attract students and faculty. Universities have long relied on academic publishers to provide evaluations of research quality via editorial review, but the publishing industry has gone through tremendous changes and no longer resembles the industry that once provided these evaluations. Neither publishers nor universities have found a clear path toward future relationships. A central issue for researchers is their inability to agree about the quality of research. This disagreement arises partly from the complexity of research and research reports and partly from humans' limitations, and it creates great ambiguity for editorial reviews and personnel reviews. Recognizing the unreliability of evaluations, however, can free researchers to take more control over their professional lives and can make science work better. (HRK / Abstract übernommen).

Der Beitrag erörtert die komplexen Zusammenhänge zwischen Hochbegabung und schulischem wie auch beruflichem Erfolg, wobei Erklärungsversuche für außergewöhnliche Leistungen einen besonderen Stellenwert einnehmen. Dazu werden Annahmen der Hochbegabungs- und Expertiseforschung verknüpft. Anhand retrospektiver und historiometrischer Ansätze wird die Relevanz psychobiologischer und bildungsbezogener Erklärungsversuche für Eminenz kritisch analysiert. Die Problematik einheitlicher Erklärungsmodelle wird an Fallbeispielen aus dem Bereich der Musik illustriert. Obwohl für die Karriereverläufe in unterschiedlichen Disziplinen durchaus gemeinsame Vorhersagemerkmale identifiziert werden können, beeindruckt dennoch insgesamt das Ausmaß individueller Unterschiede auf dem Weg zur Eminenz. (DIPF/Orig.).;;;This contribution discusses the rather complex relationships between giftedness and both academic and professional success. In particular, theoretical and empirical approaches trying to explain exceptional performance are considered, which include basic assumptions of research into giftedness and research focusing on the development of expertise. Retrospective, mainly historiometric approaches are used to analyse the relevance of psychobiological and educational explanatory attempts. Case studies taken from the field of music are described in some detail, mainly because they seem suited to illustrate the variety of individual trajectories and the difficulty to come up with uniform explanatory models. Although the importance of a set of predictor variables can be shown for a variety of disciplines, one of the major outcomes of our analysis is that there are large individual differences in the way eminence is accomplished. (DIPF/Orig.).

Focusing on urban working couples in the People's Republic of China, the chapter considers the significance of workplace location & job shifts for the dynamic interrelation of institutions, family, & stratification. The authors compare state-socialist institutional & labor processes with market systems, attending as well to the effects of more recent economic reforms. Investigation of event-history data assessing spousal traits indicates that complementarity, rather than dependency, characterizes working couples' relationships, with the women's own professional, organizational, & educational concerns the key determinants of job shifts. Nonetheless, spouses tend to have similar organizational & sectoral jobs, & recent economic & organizational changes have not significantly altered the hierarchy of central state control. Finally, because state socialism has fostered women's labor participation, couples largely work in the same sector & job shifts tend to be driven by collective, family-welfare motives rather than by the gender-based asymmetry characteristic of other societies. The authors call for further research as China's economy continues to change & impact the labor force. Also, this study has focused exclusively on urban working couples; the circumstances for their rural counterparts are strikingly different & need to be explored as well. 5 Tables, 4 Figures, 45 References. K. Coddon