Suchergebnisse

Despite the massive scale of voucher privatization, there still remain a substantial number of companies in which the state is involved. Residual state property is quantified from the point of ownership & ownership rights that enable control over the assets of privatized companies. By the beginning of 1999, the state was able to control 76% of assets of the companies in the portfolio of the National Property Fund. This means that the state controls quite a significant part of the Czech economy & interferes with the concept of property rights. The results thus question the achievement of voucher privatization. There exists a clear consensus that further privatization of residual state property is both necessary & inevitable for further economic growth. 3 Tables, 5 Charts, 7 References. Adapted from the source document.

This paper examines two rules concerning translation right as a part of copyright -- the existing rule which gives an author or a copyright owner control over the translation of his works and a new rule that removes the translation right from the copyright owner. It adopts the approach of Gordon (1992) and evaluates these rules using the concept of asymmetric market failure and a game-theoretic framework. In each case, conditions are stated -- mostly related to the cost of creation and translation -- under which one rule or the other is more efficient. A short remark on protection of authors' "trademark" is added. The conclusions should be relevant for political discussion over the extent of intellectual property protection. Adapted from the source document.

The Czech economy was characterized by a high nominal & real appreciation that was caused by great foreign direct investment inflow in 2002. The paper analyzes the effect of the Czech currency appreciation on industrial branches & the industry as a whole using a simple model based on a corporate accounting. The Outcome of the model is then compared with actual y-o-y data of non-financial corporations in 2002. There is significant difference between industrial branches in sensitivity to appreciation. Foreign owned branches are able to limit the negative impact of appreciation, whereas the worst situation is in branches owed only by residents & the public. The property structure, in addition to the labor intensity of production, has had a great effect on corporate finance after the rapid crown appreciation. 3 Tables, 3 Figures, 14 References. Adapted from the source document.

The paper focuses on accrual taxes, investment and depreciation in government sector from statistical point of view. The paper is a feedback on paper published in Politicka ekonomie 2/2010 by authors Hrdlicka, Istvanfyova and Vitek. Original paper dealt with similar issue but from accountants' point of view. The statistical view of this matter is slightly different and it is influenced by current national accounts' standard ESA 1995. The most of the paper is devoted to the investment and depreciation, in national accounts terms capital formation and capital consumption. The sector of government is a very important investor and property owner in the Czech Republic. Therefore a good record of investment and depreciation is important not only for government sector itself but also for total economy. Adapted from the source document.

'Dialogical networks' are communications that occur in mass media. One of their characteristics is that contributions of individual actors - politicians, journalists, representatives of pressure groups, etc - are distributed in time & space. (A politician can, for instance, react in the media to what another politician expressed publicly elsewhere). Another central property of dialogical networks is that an individual's contribution to a network can be duplicated, or even multiplicated (eg, what is said in a TV studio may be reproduced in several newspapers). Working in a broadly ethnomethodological & conversation analytical framework, we focus on two aspects of sequential organization - adjacency pair structures & repair structures - with the aim to clarify the respects in which they differ in dialogical networks & in everyday conversations.

The text focuses on the description & evaluation of an Islamic social system in the framework of the so-called Islamic moral economy based on obligatory alms (zakat) & the waqf system. Attention is paid to the main institutions of the Islamic social order such as mosques, madrasas, foundations, waqf property & forms of financing. The main principles & differences in charitable activities in Sunni, Shi'a Islam, Christianity & Sufi orders are highlighted & analyzed. The article defines & clarifies the main historic landmarks of Islamic charity while providing a survey of contemporary Islamic NGO. Common features of the Islamic NGOs & their sporadic links to Islamist movements & terrorists are also discussed. The article concludes with an identification of the main reasons for the relatively small impact of the measures taken after the September 11. Adapted from the source document.

The article deals with sex discrimination prohibition in the European community law as well as in the Czech law & it describes antidiscrimination juridical practise in the Czech Republic It judges selected institutes of the antidiscrimination act from the point of view of their economic consequences. It shows to which behaviour the economic subjects are forced & analyses whether this behaviour is in accordance with economic rules of market economy, with principle of private property & free choices It pays attention to equal opportunities & affirmative action as measures to ensure them, & the institute of burden of proof transfer to the accused It concludes that the antidiscrimination act does not respect the natural rules of peoples behaviour in real economic relations & it seems to be an artificial authority construct, which serves special purposes. Adapted from the source document.

The article deals with socio-economic aspects of responsible behaviour of owners, entrepreneurs & managers in practice of economic transformation. As the starting point of defining the concept of responsibility serves the elaboration of basic theoretical economic, juristic, philosophical & ethical approaches. The validity of the hypothesis that private owner is invariably the responsible owner is examined. The article argues, that social responsibility isn't the bare result of private property & that it heavily depends on appropriate institutions. The study proceeds to the institution of liability as realized in basic forms of business organizations. The liability is studied & viewed upon as a constitutive element of the market order. The responsibility is examined in the framework of rights & liabilities of entrepreneurs, partners, shareholders, managers & directors of corporations & business organizations. References. Adapted from the source document.

Slovakia is one of the countries with the highest & fastest propensity to consume in sector of households. In the development of propensity to consume we can distinguish the period of forced increase in consumer preferences & the period of voluntary increase. The forced increase was a result of one-off shortfall in the gross disposable income or the catching-up process in consumption after previous restriction a year before. The voluntary intertemporal substitution in consumption was affected by the expansion of supranational retail chains, massive dwelling transfer to private property, starting-up of housing loans, development of mandatory & voluntary insurance, increase in the number of the self-employed. Household gains from holding & sales of fixed assets was an important factor of the increase in propensity to consume. Not only autenthical reasons but also impact of methodology can be identified in increased propensity. Graphs, References. Adapted from the source document.

Relationship between European Union & The People's Republic of China declared in 2003 as the "strategic partnership" attracts attention as a new & remarkable phenomenon within post-bipolar international framework. This article reviews essentials & motives of both partners' mutual & deepening relations by pointing at their growing economic interdependence, upgrading political relations, & further developing their cultural, science & technology, academic, environmental etc. cooperation. However, while critically analyzing EU-China basic agenda of the strategic partnership & its real outcomes, this article points at poor Chinese human rights record, persistence of EU arms embargo, mutual trade disputes, Chinese failure at obtaining the EU's Market Economy Status, as well as insufficient intellectual property & trade mark protection in China. This study concludes with finding an attaining the real EU-China strategic partnership questionable, considering that as a mere term of official-level politeness, lacking behind expectations & potential. Adapted from the source document.

This paper investigates the effects of economic growth on income inequality in EU countries by employing econometric models. We estimated the effect of growth on the share of income for all particular deciles of population and on the Gini. Other control variables were included in the models as well. The results showed a negative effect of economic growth on inequality, while this impact is the largest for the deciles ranging from the third to the seventh. This can be perceived as an indication of a shrinking middle class. Inequality-increasing effects were found for long-term unemployment, openness and partly for indicators of importance of the financial sector. Factors reducing inequality were rule of law and population with tertiary education. The size of government turned out to be a rather insignificant determinant.