Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the history of the emergence and formation of the institution of trust property in relation to various legal systems. The purpose of such a historical analysis of the institution of trust property is to find a possible place of this legal institution in domestic law, because trust property is a relatively new legal construct for Ukrainian law. The relevance of the article is to study the possibility of using the Anglo-American Trust Institute in Ukraine. The object of the study of this article is the legal relations arising from the institute of trust property. Methods of historicism, method of logic, method of analysis, method of synthesis, method of systematic research, and comparative-legal method were used in the study. The authors concluded that the institution of trust property goes back to one of the branches of English law. At the same time, the institution of trust is not inherent in the domestic legal system. However, since the 1990s, the domestic legislator has tried several times to introduce the relevant institution into Ukrainian legislation. So far, all of these attempts have failed.

The author studied the huge work done by researchers on archival materials and sources related to the history of the economic and political life of Russia in the late XIX-early XX centuries, its institutions and representatives. At the same time, the study sometimes goes beyond the accumulated experience and views of Russian scientists (M. Delyagin, V. Katasonov, M. Khazin, A. Rode and others). The relevant opinions of historians are also presented on the subject indicated in the title of the article (N. Danilevsky, Yu. Zhukov, A. Pyzhikov, etc.). One of the results of the study is a brief analysis of the work on establishing large humanitarian-production complexes. The aim of the study was to systematize theoretical approaches to control for their further application in practice. The reasons for the existence of various conceptual approaches in Russia are the uncritical study and application of controlling by experts from different fields of knowledge and the insufficient, if not competent, filling of both curricula and practices. In addition, for a long time, the specific popular perception of private property and its derivative processes in society was not appreciated. In carrying out this study, the author used the methods of structural and functional analysis, historical-comparative and problem-chronological, as well as the epistemological method. The paper systematizes the existing approaches to the classification of controlling and proposes a format that takes into account the features of the model of the controlling system. It is recommended to use the results of theoretical and methodological studies for training specialists in the field of economics and management, as well as in the real practice of large industrial enterprises.

teoría de la separación. La primera parte refiere a la unidad del suelo y del subsuelo; la segunda distingue y separa la propiedad del suelo y del subsuelo. La teoría de la accesión considera que la superficie (suelo) y el yacimiento (subsuelo) son una unidad en tanto los yacimientos minerales están incorporados a la propiedad superficial. Las minas pertenecen al titular de la superficie por ser accesorio a éste, cuyo argumento radica en el derecho natural. Por tanto las minas no pueden ser explotadas independientemente del suelo facultad reservada sólo al propietario de la superficie quien puede explotarlas libremente. La teoría de la separación se opone a la accesión por considerar a la propiedad minera un bien distinto, ajeno y separado de la propiedad superficial. Considera que las minas tienen un valor distinto al valor del terreno superficial, pues suelo y subsuelo son dos conceptos distintos y cada uno comienza donde termina el otro. Esta teoría a su vez ha derivado en otros sistemas que difieren en aspectos fácticos pero en el fondo coinciden en que el titular indiscutible de la propiedad minera es el Estado quien puede disponer la forma del trabajo de las minas para su aprovechamiento. En el Perú la voluntad legislativa a través de normas constitucionales y ordinarias en materia minera desde el primer Código de Minería de 1900 ha postulado por el sistema de la separación, específicamente, por los sistemas dominial y regaliano en cuyas consideraciones las minas son propiedad de la Nación y el Estado es soberano en su aprovechamiento. Este puede ejercitar en forma directa realizando actividad empresarial e indirectamente mediante el sistema de concesiones. ; The origin of the mining property, along the history, has been explain through the basis of two theories. The theory of the accession and the theory of the separation. The first part reffers to the unit of the soil and the subsoil; the second one distinguishes and separates the property of the soil from the subsoil. The theory of the accession considers that the surface (soil) and the deposit (subsoil) are a unit as the mineral deposits are incorporated into the superficial property. The mines belong to the holder of the surface for being an accesory to this one, this argument takes root in the natural Law. Therefore, the mines cant be exploited independently of the soil, faculty reserved only to the owner of the surface who can exploit them freely. The theory of the separation is opposed to the accession for considering to the mining property a different foreign good separated from the superficial property. It thinks that the mines have a different value from the superficial area, because soil and subsoil are two different concepts and each one begins where finishes the other one. This theory has derived in other systems that differs in facts aspects but in the bottom they coincide that the indisputable holder of mining property is the State who can arrange the form of work of the mines for his utilization. In Perú the legislative wil across constitucional and ordinary procedure in mining matter from the first Code of Mining industry of 1900 has postulated the system of the separation, specifically for the systems dominial and regaliano in whose considerations the mines are a property of the Nation and the State is sovereign in his utilization. This one can excercise in direct way realizing buissenes activity and indirectly by means of the system of grants.

En el presente artículo, la autora elabora un esquema organizativo de su trabajo. En un primer momento, señala los alcances sobre la propiedad en la Constitución vigente. Del mismo modo hace una referencia al artículo 70 de la normativa citada. Además, analiza la Ley de Promoción del Acceso a la propiedad formal (Decreto Legislativo 803). Conjuntamente escribe un interesante comentario sobre las funciones de la Comisión de Formalización de la Propiedad Informal (COFOPRI) ; The author refers to the progress in the property of the current Constitution and its article 70.Besides she analyses the law on the Promotion to have access to the formal property (Legislative Decree 803). An interesting comment on the functions of THE COMMISSION FOR THE FORMALIZATION OF THE INFORMAL PROPERTY (COFROPI) is also written

SECTION I: GENERAL OVERVIEW 1. LEGAL SOURCES 1.1. Intellectual Property 1.1.1. International Conventions 1.1.2. EU Law: Approximation of Laws and Community Rights 1.1.3. National Legislation 1.1.4. Institutional Competences 1.2. International Jurisdiction 1.2.1. EU Law: Scope of Application and Grounds of Jurisdiction 1.2.2. International Conventions 1.2.3. National Legislation 1.3. Choice-of-Law 1.3.1. International Conventions 1.3.2. EU Law: Implications of the new Regulations 1.3.3. National Legislation 1.4. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 1.4.1. International Conventions 1.4.2. EU Law 1.4.3. National Legislation 2. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 2.1. International Jurisdiction 2.1.1. Infringement Claims 2.1.2. Contractual Disputes 2.1.3. Exclusive Jurisdiction on Validity of Rights Subject to Registration 2.2. Applicable Law 2.2.1. Infringement of IP Rights 2.2.2. Territoriality and lex loci protectionis 2.2.3. Contracts Relating to Intellectual or Industrial Property Rights 2.3. Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments 2.3.1 Procedural Issues 2.3.2 Grounds for Non-Recognition SECTION II: HYPOTHETICAL CASE STUDIES Case 1. General Special Grounds of Jurisdiction Case 2. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Case 3. Consolidation of Proceedings Case 4. Choice of Court Case 5. Parallel Proceedings Case 6. Principle of Territoriality (Choice of Law) Case 7. Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Case 8. Applicable Law to Initial Ownership Case 9. Applicable Law to the Transfer of Rights Agreements Case 10. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Case 11. Provisional Measures and Injunctions

The work aims to analyze the theoretical aspects of the use of information technologies in the mediation process, as well as the aspects of its implementation. The purpose of the investigation is online mediation as a form of resolution of intellectual property disputes. In addition, the topic of study is the social relationships that arise when using information technologies and mediation to resolve civil conflicts in the field of intellectual property. The research methods used in this case are the dialectical method, the generalization method, the comparison method, the analysis method, the synthesis method, the method in administration and the deduction method, the modeling method, and the abstraction method. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn on the state of online mediation in the real world, the benefits and potential problems of introducing virtual mediation for disputed parties, the need for support for special applications, along with the need for the introduction of online mediation at the state level to a state policy.

This paper makes an approaching to between the literature and the law, which will be useful to analyze the figures of the possession and the property since a legal point of view, to after, to show some literally approaching to both. Those civil institutions must be looked, today, since a different way of the Romans and the liberalism of the centuries XVII and XIX view. In consequence, the study will focus in the property and the possession of the land, begging in the base of the solution of the problem of the land tenure —settled in first time in the subjects of the actual "peace dialogs" realized in the Habana (Cuba), between the Government of Colombia and the insurgent movement self called «Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC)»— constitutes a fundamental worry in the society, and the right to the land property is a natural aspiration of the mankind, but alien to the liberal conception of the property. ; Este artículo realiza un acercamiento a la relación entre literatura y derecho, que será útil para analizar las figuras de la propiedad y la posesión desde punto de vista jurídico para, luego, mostrar algunos acercamientos literarios a ellas. Se afirma que estas dos instituciones civiles deben ser miradas, hoy en día, desde una óptica distinta a la de los romanos y a la del liberalismo de los siglos XVIII y XIX. En consecuencia, el estudio se centrará en la propiedad y en la posesión de la tierra, partiendo de la base de que la solución al problema de la tenencia de la tierra —colocado en primer lugar dentro del temario de los actuales "diálogos de paz" que se realizan, en La Habana (Cuba), entre el Gobierno nacional de Colombia y el movimiento insurgente autodenominado «Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC)»— constituye fundamental preocupación en toda sociedad, y que el derecho a la tierra es una aspiración natural del hombre, pero ajeno a la concepción liberal de propiedad.

This paper uses spatial econometric methods to investigate property-tax competition among local governments. The theoretical model is drawn from the literature on tax competition, in which local jurisdictions choose property-tax rates taking into account

In the scientific article, based on the analysis of scientific sources, the provisions of the current legislation and the practice of its application, with the help of general scientific and special methods of knowledge, the essence of property rights is revealed, and their characterization is carried out. It has been proven that the conceptual principles and provisions of the legislation, which should be relied upon when solving issues related to property rights, along with the norms of private and public law, are also contained in the provisions of international humanitarian law, which regulates the relevant legal relations in conditions of war. Attention is focused on the fact that in the event of a military conflict, the state is obliged to introduce appropriate legal mechanisms for compensation of the value of property, housing, land, in case of failure to ensure the possibility of returning to it or its destruction. It was concluded that it is necessary to develop and introduce a comprehensive law that will take into account all aspects of legal relations regarding ownership, use and disposal of property by individuals and legal entities.

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in Ukraine under martial law the system of protection of intellectual property rights and mechanisms of its public administration is continuously transformed, which implies a scientific search to identify the problems that exist in this area and the development of effective practical solutions to overcome them. The purpose of the study was to identify the main features and obstacles arising in the implementation of public administration in the field of intellectual property and the implementation of protection of its objects under martial law in Ukraine. The research methods used were general and special legal methods of knowledge. Everything allows to conclude that there is an urgent need to develop new mechanisms of digital security of copyrights and to push forward the creation of blockchain accounting of copyright objects. Similarly, a revision of the approach to the evaluation of objects of intellectual property rights and the determination of the inventive level is needed, as a condition of possibility to adapt the legislation governing the matter to the needs of today's society.

The value of intellectual property is now growing by the day in view of globalization of economic processes and integration of the Russian Federation into the world economy. The need for development of legislation in the field of intellectual property, improvement of legal mechanisms to protect the intellectual deliverables is dictated by a market economy, changes in social relations, as well as the inconsistency of regulatory enforcement, which prevents from proper implementation of the individual's rights in the sphere of intellectual property realization. Over the past decade, the entrepreneurial activity has demonstrated an increase in a number of facts of recognition of the intellectual property created by an employee as work for hire (WFH). Under these procedures, both employers and employees often make mistakes that subsequently lead to such items being non-protectable. The point is that the current legislation has no procedure or criteria to recognize the intellectual property created by employees as WFH. However, failure to observe the procedures regulated by tax legislation when recognizing the results of an employee's intellectual activity as WFH poses a high risk for instituting administrative action against the employer. In this paper, we will try to determine the procedure and criteria for recognizing the results of an employee's intellectual activity as WFH.

Novice collective rights holders lack of a specific and proportionate process considering the nature of their claim, recognized in the Constitution of the Argentine Nation, more precisely in the constitutional reform that took place in 1994; a serious legislative delay that engages the international responsibility of the Argentina Republic. The debatable mixture that operated in all collective guardianship matters between the classic rules (embodied in the Civil and Commercial Procedure Code, designed by the legislator only making focus on private simple or multiple parties conflict resolution, but not collective) and the modern ones (represented, in our country, by the new directives of articles 41, 42 and 43 of Magna Carta, the Consumer Protection Law No. 24.240, the General Environment Law No. 25.675 and the Supreme Court Agreement No. 32/2014 and No. 12/2016), is clearly negative for the early and effective protection or guardianship of the collective rights and property that have been guaranteed in the National Constitution. ; Los noveles titulares de derechos colectivos carecen de un proceso específico y proporcional a la naturaleza de la pretensión colectiva que la Constitución Nacional les reconoció en la reforma constitucional de 1994; grave mora legislativa que compromete la responsabilidad internacional de la República Argentina. La discutible mixtura que se operó en materia de tutela colectiva entre la normativa clásica (plasmada en el Código Procesal Civil y Comercial de la Nación, diseñado por el legislador diligente para la resolución de conflictos privados entre partes simples o múltiples, pero no colectivas) y el derecho procesal moderno (representado, en nuestro país, por las nuevas directivas de los artículos 41, 42 y 43 de la Carta Magna, ley de Defensa del Consumidor 24.240, ley General del Ambiente N° 25.675 y las Acordadas de la CSJN N° 32/2014 y N° 12/2016) resulta a todas luces negativa para la oportuna y efectiva protección o tutela de los bienes y derechos colectivos que consagra la Constitución Nacional.