Suchergebnisse

Introduction. The transition of Ukraine to the information society requires a constructive rethinking of the role of intellectual property, which acts as the driving force behind the creation of competitive advantages and the formation of the potential of industrial and economic relations at the national and international levels.In many cases, market relations are not capable of ensuring the transformation of the results of innovation activity into goods. Therefore, in the given conditions, effective state regulation of the commercialization of intellectual property objects becomes the first place.Purpose. The purpose of this work is to study the processes of commercialization of intellectual property and the possibility of adapting foreign experience to the realities of today's Ukraine.Methods. Theoretical analysis and graphical method.Results. In accordance with the main goal in the work the following issues are considered: various scientific approaches to the definition of the concept of "intellectual property" are investigated; considered the main ways of using intellectual property; highlighted and analyzed the main groups of problems of regulation of relations connected with the commercialization of the results of intellectual property; the experience of foreign countries regarding the commercialization of the results of intellectual property was considered, namely, the main problems of this process were identified, possible solutions were proposed and the main toolkit used in the settlement of these problems was identified; The mechanism for the development of solutions based on the problems described in the work will be based and presented in a schematic form.Originality. The experience of commercialization of the results of intellectual activity abroad is generalized. The mechanism of solving the problems of commercialization of the results of intellectual activity is proposed.Conclusions. Thus, we can conclude that any problem of commercialization of intellectual property objects can be solved by finding a compromise between the parties, taking into account the legislative framework operating in the country, the choice of fundamental criteria, the assessment of the effectiveness and risks of a number of proposed options. Every solution proposed for the next implementation must be documented in the enterprise and have a correlation with the main development strategy.

The authors of the article based on the understanding of intellectual property as an immanent component of the innovative economy, an important factor, resource and mechanism of innovation environment and development, note the actualization of this phenomenon in nowadays society of revolutionary technological changes. The article deals with the brief overview of the some features and characteristics of the process of reforming the institute of intellectual property in Ukraine, including regulatory framework, and also is based on the analysis of data gathered in sociological survey «Intellectual property through the eyes of university lecturers and high school teachers», conducted during May-December 2019, method – interview; n = 356. Based on the research results, the authors analyze high school teachers' and university lecturers' attitudes to the intellectual property, the factors and mechanisms of protection of intellectual property rights. What are the attitudes towards violation of intellectual property rights in the field of education? How acute is the problem of intellectual property rights (IPR) violation for the participants in the educational process? Is the impact of intellectual property rights violation noticeable on their (high school teachers and university lecturers) day-to-day activities? Who, what institution (organization) should make efforts to protect IPR? These and some other issues are analyzed in the paper. The authors note, among other, that, in general, the problem of IPR violations perceived as quite acute for many (relative majority) of university lecturers and high school teachers, the impact of this problem on respondents' daily activities is mostly negative. Opinions of respondents on the institution(s), which should make efforts to protect IPR were clarified. Analysis of possible ways (inner and external factors, mechanisms) to enhance the level of protection, public management of the protection process, as well as the development of a culture of IPR is presented also. The authors propose the prospects for further research of the problem.

The article deals with the economic and social effects of intellectual property crimes. The author understands the social effects of intellectual property crimes as negative and dangerous changes in public relations that result of a numerous infringements of intellectual property rights. These consequences include both the aggregate damages of the intellectual property rights holders from crimes against intellectual property and the damage caused to the state and society. The study found that accumulating negative impact on society from the functioning of the intellectual property crimes is the state of intellectual property rights insecurity, which impedes the normal development of social relations regarding the realization of intellectual property rights. The social impact of intellectual property crimes is divided into four major interrelated blocks: socio-economic, scientific, technical, international and political, and consequences for a wide range of consumers. Socio-economic consequences include direct and indirect material damage from functioning in the community intellectual property crimes. Scientific and technical implications include the damage to science and technology due to the existence of intellectual property crimes. International political implications undermine the image of the international arena due to the functioning of the phenomenon of intellectual property crimes. Consequences for a wide range of consumers are manifested in the detriment of certain interests of consumers of intellectual products.

У статті розкрита тема походження такого поняття, як інтелектуальна власність, а також досліджено процес розвитку патентно-правової системи, як основи охорони цього виду власності. У процесі розгляду вищезгаданого питання визначено чітку відмінність між такими категоріями, як «привілей» і «патент». Крім того, відзначено важливість розробленого Венеціанською Республікою Патентного Кодексу 1474 р., положення якого і на сьогоднішній день простежуються в патентному законодавстві багатьох країн світу. ; This article analyses the concept of intellectual property and traces its evolution. In particular, the various features of intellectual property are considered. Each feature brings material or other benefit (profit, increase the products competitiveness, development of citizens etc.). The article also shows reasons for the protection of intellectual property rights. It is said that in a period of rapid development of the factory in the 14th century, the royal power was granting special privileges for the first time in England – the predecessor of the patent. The advantages that each of the parties received are described : the royal power; monarch, which slapped a privilege; the person who invented and used innovations. Monarch was providing inventors with an exclusive right to use this technology, giving the inventor a competitive advantage. On the other hand disadvantages of benefits are considered, since with time the invention privileges became means for feudal lords enrichment, and not for inventors stimulation. The article reveals the turning point in the development of intellectual property rights (1628), when Regulation on monopolies was adopted which granted exclusive rights to the first inventor of a product (privilege was given for 14 years). The second part of the article analyses specific types of intellectual property – patents and trademarks. The article draws attention to the issues related to the patent legal framework development and the stages of the Patent Code development worldwide. The article conclusion emphasizes the importance of the original legislation and laws that were passed in the 14–15 century, since many provisions of the Patent Code (1474) still work nowadays.

The article reveals the mechanism of the right termination of proprietary relations in consequence of the adoption of the act of nationalization of property . The author makes attempt to solve the problem of civil protection of the right of ownership of the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine from illegal encroachments on the part of the relevant local government area. The analysis of the civil legislation of the Russian Federation on the issues is investigated. It is proved that in matters of protection of the property rights it is advisable to use the legal means by the principle of «reverse procedural activity». Its meaning is to use the mechanism of protection of the rights provided for by the national legislation of the Russian Federation, along with the laws of Ukraine.

The article is aimed at analyzing of existing legislation on the use of comparative advertising in Ukraine. The author establishes that legislation on intellectual property plays a crucial role if a competitor's intellectual property rights are infringed by the use of comparative advertising. The purpose of the article is to analyze comparative advertising in the context of intellectual property, as well as to define the objects of intellectual property that can be used in comparative advertising. The latest changes in legislation regarding comparative advertising are analyzed. Such changes allow the use of images, trademarks or other symbols in comparative advertising. Comparative advertising was actually prohibited in Ukraine until November 12, 2019, although its use was prescribed in the legislation. But in practice, however, such use was not possible because use in such comparative advertising objects of intellectual property competitors was not enough regulated. The amendments to current legislation on comparative advertising have settled the aspects of using objects of intellectual property in comparative advertising. The article proves that for the purpose of comparative advertising creation, it is essential to adhere to the laws and regulations that are governed by intellectual property law. In the article, the author analyzes some countries' legislation on comparative advertising, namely the USA, the United Kingdom, the EU Member States. The author has found the basic elements and the objects of intellectual property that could be used in comparative advertising. The author comes to the conclusion that for the creation of comparative advertising, the crucial role of intellectual property in comparative advertising should be clearly recognized.

Article 41 of the Constitution of Ukraine stipulates that no one can be unlawfully deprived of his / her property rights. According to Art. 1 of the First Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, no one may be deprived of his property except in the interests of society and under the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law. These and other regulations justify the need for detailed regulation of the procedure for the use of property seizure as a measure of criminal proceedings. In this context, an important aspect of criminal proceedings is the search for a proper balance between private and public interests, the creation of preconditions for persons who own property to exercise their powers over their property and, at the same time, to achieve the objectives of criminal proceedings. At present, the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine does not sufficiently regulate the implementation of such a constitutional basis of pre-trial criminal proceedings as the inviolability of property rights during a series of investigative (investigative) and vague investigative (investigative) actions related to the deprivation or restriction of property rights procedural procedure for the use of property seized, both on the basis of a court decision and without it. In particular, this applies to such investigative (search) activity as a search. This article is dedicated to investigating the problem of seizure of property seized during a search. In the context, attention is paid to determining the legal status of property seized during a search carried out on the basis of the investigative judge's order and to distinguish between criminal proceedings and investigative (investigative) actions carried out on the basis of a court order. The problems that arise with the identification of certain items seized during the search as physical evidence and subsequently the possibility of returning them to the rightful owner are considered. ...

The article is devoted to issues of property ownership of the religious organizations. Religious influence on public life is becoming more and more tangible in recent times, both in its positive and in negative manifestations. There is a growing interest in religion, new parishes, communities, different religious mission. For a long time, issue of property rights wasn't resolved in favor of religious organizations. For today, religious organizations may own buildings, land, objects of production, social, charitable, cultural and educational, and other purposes, including which are defined as a historical and cultural monument. The property which religious organizations use in their activity, depending on who the owner is, can be divided into two parts: property owned by religious organizations, and property owned by the state, other legal entities and individuals. It is necessary to pay attention to religious property belonging to religious organizations. Real estate of religious significance are: religious buildings with the land belonging to them, monastic and other religious complexes, constructed for the implementation and maintenance of worship, prayer and religious gatherings, other religious rites and ceremonies, and buildings professional religious education. Movable property for religious purposes is the interior of religious buildings or objects intended for liturgical and other religious purposes. The property used for religious purposes in accordance with the purpose and makes them special legal regime – movable and immovable property liturgical purpose can't be seized by creditors' claims. It should be noted that legislator more closely regulates issues of immovable property for religious purposes, defining historical and cultural value, but concerning movable property of religious significance there are a number of issues that require further regulation. ; Стаття присвячена питанням права власності на майно релігійних організацій. Релігійний вплив на суспільне життя стає останнім часом усе більш відчутним як у його позитивних, так і в негативних проявах. Зростає інтерес до релігії, з'являються нові парафії, громади, місії різних релігійних напрямів. Тривалий час питання права власності вирішувалося аж ніяк не на користь релігійних організацій. Натепер у власності релігійних організацій можуть бути будівлі, земельні ділянки, об'єкти виробничого, соціального, благодійного, культурно-просвітницького та іншого призначення, в тому числі, які визначенні як історично-культурна пам'ятка. Майно, яке в своїй діяльності використовують релігійні організації, залежно від того, хто є власником, можна поділити на дві частини: майно, яким володіють на праві власності релігійні організації, та майно, яке належить на праві власності державі, іншим юридичним та фізичним особам. Необхідно звернути увагу на майно релігійного призначення, яке належить релігійним організаціям. Нерухомим майном релігійного призначення є: культові будівлі із земельними ділянками, які до них належать, монастирські та інші культові комплекси, побудовані для здійснення та забезпечення богослужінь, молитовних і релігійних зібрань, інших релігійних обрядів і церемоній, а також будівлі професійної релігійної освіти. Рухомим майном релігійного призначення є предмети інтер'єру культових будівель або предмети, призначені для богослужбових та інших релігійних цілей. Майно релігійного призначення використовується у відповідності до призначення та зумовлює особливий правовий режим – на рухоме і нерухоме майно богослужбового призначення не може бути звернено стягнення за претензіями кредиторів. Слід зазначити, що законодавець більш детально регулює питання щодо нерухомого майна релігійного призначення, визначаючи історичну та культурну цінність, а от щодо рухомого майна релігійного призначення є низка питань, які потребують подальшого урегулювання.

Due to the intensive development of the Global Network, there is clearly insufficient research on the protection of IPRs in social networks. Therefore, the article attempts to identify the most common types of infringements of non-proprietary intellectual property rights in social networks. Preventive self-regulatory measures to prevent IPR infringement and support mechanisms have been analyzed. The procedure of legal regulation of these relations under the national legislation is considered. The article deals with the creative work and intellectual activity of the authors of works in such fields as photography, video, which is so relevant that it leads to the revision of the existing approaches to the understanding of creativity, creative work and intellectual activity. It is noted that, despite the declared respect for exclusive rights, social networks are not interested in implementing technical means of protecting the rights of authors. In this case, it is not only about the monetization of works, but also about the mechanisms of protecting the rights of authors. At present, digital fingerprint technology is developed enough to block the downloading of contentious information on the site; however, social networks are in no hurry to implement them, including through case law. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that it is necessary to introduce a special legislative regulation of social networks, which will first of all protect the rights of users to dispose of their intellectual property. ; У зв'язку з тим, що глобальна Мережа розвивається дуже інтенсивно, наукових досліджень з питання захисту порушених прав інтелектуальної власності в соціальних мережах явно недостатньо. Тому в статті ми спробували визначити найпоширеніші види порушень немайнових прав інтелектуальної власності в соціальних мережах. Проаналізовано превентивні саморегулятивні заходи для запобігання порушенням прав інтелектуальної власності та механізми підтримки. Розглянуто порядок правового регулювання зазначених відносин за національним законодавством. Проаналізовано питання про творчу працю та інтелектуальну діяльність авторів творів в таких сферах, як фото, відео, яке є настільки актуальним, що призводить до перегляду раніше наявних підходів до розуміння творчості, творчої праці та інтелектуальної діяльності. Зазначено, що, незважаючи на деклароване дотримання виключних прав, соціальні мережі не зацікавлені в тому, щоб впроваджувати технічні засоби захисту прав авторів. При цьому йдеться не тільки про монетизацію творів, а й про механізми захисту прав авторів. На цей час технологія «цифрових відбитків» розвинена достатньо, щоб блокувати завантаження спірної інформації на сайті, проте соціальні мережі не поспішають їх впроваджувати, користуючись в тому числі прецедентними судовими рішеннями. За підсумками проведеного дослідження зроблено висновки щодо необхідності введення спеціального законодавчого регулювання соціальних мереж, що дозволить передусім захистити права користувачів щодо розпорядження ними своєю інтелектуальною власністю.

The changes of axiological approaches to state property in different stages of Ukrainian independent state development are studied. State property is seen as national public thing which must be used by a state to achieve common goals and purposes. Statistic data about the structure of state property in Ukraine are given.The author notes a big importance of the Ukrainian law "About property" and other laws adopted in this area in the beginning of the 90's. Also the changes in legal regulations of property relationships are studied. With them the axiological importance of state property is changed too, notes the author.In the way of Ukrainian independent state development the bodies of central and local executive power, which had main functions in state property management, were changing; the authorities of official functionaries were getting larger of smaller; new objects of management were created and other objects were cancelled. Some of these changes can be said positive, but some were lame. Regardless of social and political structure changes the state property remains a public sphere. Thats why its management needs rational use, firstly, especially administrative means, notes the author.So, very essential in this area are the questions of keeping the state property objects on the exploiting organisations' balance, effective control of its presence and proper use, questions of administrative and legal protection of state property.The author notes that social imortance of the objects of the state property right cases public character of the state property management.The absence of property forms list in Ukrainlian law is seen as a defect in legal regulation. ; Досліджуються зміни аксіологічних підходів до державної власності на різних етапах розвитку незалежної української держави. Державна власність розглядається як всенародне надбання, що повинне використовуватися державою для досягнення загальних цілей тазадач.

The article examines the socio-economic background of the introduction of trust and other trust-like structures in the legislation of Ukraine. As a result of considering the history of the origin of the institution of trust and a systematic analysis of the provisions of domestic civil legislation, reasoned conclusions were formulated on the issues studied. The given short historical retrospective of attempts to introduce trust property and trust-like constructions into the legislation of Ukraine allows to state that they almost always led to "unworthy", negative social, financial and economic results. The question of the purpose of ignoring one's own negative experience of implementing trust-like structures in the domestic civil legislation is reasonable. Isn't it better, remembering the functions of the science of civil law, to draw the right conclusions from this experience and rely on them in their further law-making activities?! The article draws attention to the experience of using the construction of trust and trust property in the Anglo-American legal system (which, unlike ours, is calculated for centuries), and establishes that this legal institution in addition to legitimate purposes (which are charity, preservation of property from waste, formation of pension funds, etc.), is extremely popular as a means of achieving illegal and negative social results (for example, such as tax evasion, abuse of tax rates, concealment of property and income, legalization of property obtained as a result of committing crime, concealment of illegal funding of political parties and their leaders, etc.). It is obvious that the blind borrowing of someone else for the domestic legal system and the archaic institution of trust property will lead to the penetration into our legal reality of all its inherent shortcomings. Law is a regulator of social relations (and economic in particular). In this case, public relations are primary, and law – secondary. Only those civil law institutions properly perform the regulatory function ...

In modern conditions, state regulation in the field of innovation, encouragement of inventive intellectual activity is a mechanism for ensuring sustainable economic development of the state. It was revealed that in Ukraine there is a sufficiently substantial legislative base that allows regulating issues in the field of intellectual property, its updating is taking place in accordance with the requirements of the time. At the same time, as indicated in the Annual Report of the European Commission, intellectual property rights are systematically violated in Ukraine, thereby damaging the economic interests of the European Union. It is argued that the basic mechanism for ensuring the effectiveness of public administration in the field of intellectual property is the involvement of all subjects of public administration in lawmaking processes. It is noted that the organization of an effective system of law enforcement in the process of creating and using intellectual property objects directly affects the development of national scientific-technological and scientific-technical spheres of state life, increasing their investment image, introducing a favorable innovation climate. Indicated the need to involve all subjects of public administration in the formation of state policy in the field of intellectual property, development of legislation on the protection of industrial property and innovative proposals, updating the provisions of the Labor Code and the Civil Code of Ukraine. It is proposed to include to the Civil Code a number of provisions to ensure the remuneration of persons who have contributed to the creation, legal protection and use of inventions, industrial designs and innovative proposals; effective functioning of the intellectual property protection system created by students, listeners, cadets and teachers in the learning process. It is also proposed to create a Code of Intellectual Property, which will eliminate internal contradictions and promote the harmonization of intellectual property issues and ...

The article researches legal aspects of commercialization intellectual property objects, determination of legislation settles in the sphere of disposition of intellectual property rights, determination of main advantages for owner in the process of object commercialization. Intellectual property is valuable asset which may be exploited in a number of ways. Commercialization of intellectual property objects is one of the ways to satisfy owner's economical interests, which basis are profits from using intellectual property objects in their own production and also by granting property rights for third persons. One of the effective ways for economical development of every country is legal opportunity for granting intellectual property rights. Nowadays those rights have an economical value and are the subject of business dealings. Main subjects for commercialization of intellectual property objects are, first of all, authors and inventors; also it can be persons that have intellectual property rights due to their business activity, which deals with creation and usage of intellectual property objects; persons who is interested in getting intellectual property rights as a user or an owner. Article is describing main directions of commercialization of intellectual property rights, such as: using objects in own production of goods and services; agreements on alienation of intellectual property rights; license agreements; entering intellectual property rights to the statutory capital; franchise agreement. All the ways are efficient and can bring to the owner economical profits in case of their effective usage. We should say, that the way of commercialization of intellectual property object, depends on decision of the owner, who is legally allowed to use different ways at the same time. As an example, the owner can use his intellectual property at his own production, giving the license to user at the same time. Licenses may be exclusive or non-exclusive. An exclusive license grants the rights governed by the license to the ...

Modern society is characterized by the widespread distribution of objects of intellectual property rights. The article analyzes the state of dissertation research on intellectual property issues which has been conducted in Ukraine since the time of proclamation of its independence and to the present days. The topicality of the study is due to the fact that the results of intellectual activity determine the strategy and tactics of socio-economic development of any country. The components of intellectual activity are the intellectual capital, embodied in the form of experience, knowledge, skills, qualification of a person. The growth of the role and importance of intellectual activity in the social relations of the society necessitates the solution of the main problem issues: the normative and legal support of intellectual activity; rational use of the results of intellectual activity; effective protection of objects of intellectual property rights, protecting the rights of subjects of intellectual property rights. Reliable guarantees of acquiring and protecting intellectual property rights are an integral part of the statehood of each civilized country.One of the sources of highlighting the study of any case is the provision of conclusions and recommendations for solving problem issues, dissertation researches. The article analyzes the quantitative distribution of dissertation research on intellectual property issues according to scientific specialties, scientific institutions, in which they were defended. It was found out that the proportion of dissertation research on intellectual property problems in legal sciences is 77 %, in economic sciences, respectively, 19 %, in other sciences - 4 %. Among legal sciences, 60 % of scientific theses have been defended on specialty 12.00.03; respectively, 19 % - on specialty 12.00.07; 6.8 % - on specialty 12.00.04; 5 % - on specialty 12.00.08; 3.6 % - on specialty 12.00.09; 2.2 % - on specialty 12.00.01; 1.8 % - on specialty 12.00.11; 0.4 % - on specialty 12.00.02; 0.4 % - on specialty 12.00.05; 0.4 % - on specialty 12.00.12. Among the dissertation research in the economic field of intellectual property rights, the work on specialty 08.00.04 was the most defended - 32.7 %; respectively, on specialty 08.00.01 - 21.8 %; on specialty 08.00.03 - 12.8 %; on specialty 08.00.02 - 7.3 %; on specialty 08.00.09 - 7.3 %; on specialty 08.01.01 - 5.5 %; on specialty 08.00.07 - 3.6 %; on specialty 08.00.08 - 3,6 %; on specialty 08.05.01 - 3.6 %; on specialty 21.04.01 - 1.8 %.

The article is devoted to the topical problem of determining the range of intellectual property subjects. The analysis of norms of the current Ukrainian legislation in the field of intellectual property is carried out. It is proposed to supplement the articles of the Civil Code of Ukraine on the definition of intellectual property by such categories as animal and "electronic person". ; Стаття присвячена актуальній проблемі визначення кола суб'єктів інтелектуальної власності. Проведено аналіз норм чинного українського законодавства в сфері інтелектуальної власності. Запропоновано доповнення статей Цивільного кодексу України щодо визначення суб'єктів інтелектуальної власності такими категоріями, як тварина та «електронна особа».