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Introduction -- The Conceptualisation of Mothering -- Sociological Imagination and Psychological Sensitivities: Research Methods Matter -- Growing-up as a Girl: Experiences across Three Generations -- From 'Liberated Woman', 'Virtuous Wife and Good Mother' to Full-time Mother -- Intergenerational Transmissions across Three Generations of Women -- Discussion and Conclusion.

Chan Yuk-fan. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-75). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese ; questionnaire also in Chinese. ; Consequences of Supervisors' Use of Forcing and Non-Forcing Influence Tactics --- p.i ; Acknowledgment --- p.i ; Abstract --- p.ii ; 撮要 --- p.iii ; Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Types of Influence Tactics --- p.4 ; Consequences of Influence Tactics --- p.9 ; Perception of Organizational Politics --- p.9 ; Non-Forcing Influence Tactics and Perceived Managerial Competence --- p.13 ; Perception of Managerial Competence --- p.16 ; Mediating Role of Satisfaction with Supervisors --- p.19 ; Non-Forcing Influence Tactics and Perceived Managerial Competence --- p.19 ; Forcing Influence Tactics and Perception of Organizational Politics --- p.20 ; Chapter Chapter 2. --- Method --- p.24 ; Samples and Procedures --- p.24 ; Instruments --- p.28 ; Influence Tactics --- p.28 ; Perception of Organizational Politics --- p.30 ; Satisfaction with Supervisor --- p.31 ; Managerial Competencies --- p.31 ; Analysis --- p.32 ; Chapter Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.33 ; Factor Structure of Influence Tactics --- p.33 ; Factor Structure of Managerial Competence --- p.36 ; Reliability of Perception of Organizational Politics --- p.37 ; Relationship Between Influence Tactics and Perception of Organizational Politics --- p.38 ; Influence Tactics and Satisfaction with Supervisor --- p.41 ; Influence Tactics and Managerial Competence --- p.44 ; Mediating Role of Satisfaction with Supervisor --- p.48 ; Chapter Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.51 ; General Discussion --- p.51 ; Managerial Implications --- p.59 ; Limitations and Future Research --- p.63 ; Reference --- p.68 ; "Appendix A. Observation Categories of Managerial Activities. (Luthans,1988)" --- p.76 ; Appendix Bl. Chinese Version of Questionnaire --- p.79 ; Appendix B2. English Version of Questionnaire --- p.86 ; Appendix C. Eighteen-item Scale of Profile of Influence Tactics ...

貧窮既是一種客觀況,又是一種主觀心感受。既有的研究很少關注老年人自身關於貧窮的經驗,特別是缺乏華人社會背景下貧窮老人主觀經驗的研究。本研究試圖從個體的層面考察貧窮對於中國城市老人多重面向的負面影響,以及他們如何回應這些負面影響,在此基礎上為改善與貧窮老人有關的社會政策提出適切的建議。 ; 基於這一研究目的,本研究從批判老年學和抗逆力的理論視角出發,採取建構主義範式和生命故事的研究取向,以中國北京的城市貧窮老人為例,選取17位城市貧窮老人為研究物件,深入研究中國城市貧窮老人的各種壓力,以及抗逆力的內外保護性因素回應這些壓力的機制及其所起到的作用。 ; 研究發現,中國城市貧窮老人面臨經濟壓力、疾病與老化的壓力、逆反哺與照顧配偶的壓力,以及貧窮恥感的壓力。貧窮在城市老人的主觀經驗裡意味著多重壓力的相迭,這從主觀經驗的角度揭示了中國城市貧窮老人的多重弱勢。 ; 作為抗逆力外在保護性因素的社會支持,它的實現機制因其類型的不同而相異。代際支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到代際團結和代際張力的共同影響;其他非正式支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到互惠關係的影響;社會政策的支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到人情倫理的雙重性和代群差異的影響。這些機制共同決定了貧窮老人的非正式支援日趨弱化,而社會政策和專業服務提供的正式支援有待加強。 ; 作為貧窮老人抗逆力的內在保護性因素,工具性策略由獨立性的要求所驅動,意義創造遵循追尋自我價值和重構貧窮經驗這兩條路徑。意義創造在貧窮老人的內在保護性因素中發揮著更為根本性的作用。內外保護性因素的比較有助於我們識別城市貧窮老人中更脆弱的次群體。 ; 基於這一研究發現,本研究在原有研究框架的基礎上,補充了貧窮老人的多重壓力和保護性因素的實現機制,擴展了貧窮老人抗逆力研究的研究框架。文章的最後提出了社會政策的具體建議。 ; Poverty is both an objective condition and a kind of subjective psychological feeling. However, existing studies pay little attention to older people's own experience of poverty, especially lacking of studies on subjective experience of the aged poor in the Chinese context. This research attempts to explore from the individual level, the multi-dimensional negative effects of poverty on the aged poor in urban China and how they respond to these impacts. On this basis, appropriate social policies were proposed to improve the living conditions of the aged poor. ; Taking the constructivist position and life story approach, this study was conducted from the perspectives of resilience theory and critical gerontology and used the urban aged poor in Beijing, China as an example. Seventeen urban aged poor were selected as the sample for in-depth interview and their multiple stresses, and the mechanisms of internal and external protective factors of resilience in response to their stresses and their functions were investigated. ; Research findings show that China's urban aged poor suffer stresses from economic pressure, diseases and aging, taking care of their spouses, inverse nurturing, and shamefulness of poverty. Poverty means a combination of multiple stresses in ...

"耽美"来源于日本,是以女性读者群为主要受众、描写男性与男性之间浪漫关系或性关系的文学或艺术作品,也被称为BL(Boy's Love)。喜爱耽美的女性爱好者被称为"腐女"。耽美文化自1990 年代后期随着日本流行文化进入中国,至今已在中国网络空间中逐渐发展成为一个主要由女性网民所组成的,包含文本创作、阅读与交流的文化圈。与此同时,耽美文化的流行亦引发了中国当下种种对性与性别问题的思考。 ; 本研究将耽美文化解译为"女性幻想男男之爱"的欲望结构,从精神分析幻想理论与酷儿理论的视角来考察中国网络中的耽美文化现象。论文所围绕的一个问题是,耽美文化与中国社会文化中的性/别话语产生了怎样的关系,以及如何从腐女的耽美幻想中搭建起与现实性/别政治的联系。研究首先分析了两类网络耽美小说文本,分别来看它们与1990年代以后的"男同性恋"身份话语,和2000年代以后对"中国古典文化"想象之间的吸收、挪用与再创造;其次以网络腐女圈的论坛讨论与配对狂欢为对象,研究网络耽美式恶搞对官方媒体、主流男性形象和异性恋规范的权威所潜在的颠覆性;最后以2011年一桩"腐女被抓案"新闻报道为契机,来观察耽美文化与网络淫秽色情审查的纠葛、冲突与可能的出路。 ; 欲望幻想的流动性决定着它边界的模糊与开放,以及它承载、影响乃至侵扰"现实"秩序的功能。因此,作为一种女性的男性同性情欲幻想,本研究视耽美文化最引人注目的地方不在于其本身的出现与流行程度,而在于它与各种性/别话语的相互建构与矛盾冲突。此外,在对幻想文本、网络话语以及腐女群体的调查中,本研究也期待探索某种"酷儿"政治在中国网络文化中生产的可能性。 ; Boy's love (BL in short; danmei in Chinese) is a Japanese term for female-oriented fictional media, which focuses on love, sex and romance between beautiful androgynous boys or young men. Apart from the gay self-representations, BL is a genre of male homoeroticism by and for mostly heterosexual women. In China, the BL fans call themselves "Fu Nu", which means "rotten girl", to describe their enthusiasm for fantasizing male homosexuality. BL originated from Japanese amine, comic and game youth culture, and has since become a transnational phenomenon all over the world with a global fan base. As such, the phenomenon of boy's love had already aroused a lot of discussions in relation to ideologies of gender and sexuality from different cultural and social perspectives. BL fandom in China's culture context with its "Chinese characteristics" also deserves particular attention, when it opens up a fantastic space for Chinese woman to practice their sexuality beyond non-heterosexual norms. ; However there is limited work that considers the queer sexuality of female BL fans in China, in relation to the queer texts and queer discourses they create. There is also little research that explores the capacity of boy's love netizens to resist the on-going internet surveillance by the Chinese government of information deemed 'sexually inappropriate' ...

In recent years, scholars have called for studies that explore framing effects in the context of the real world. A growing amount of research is devoted to the question of which real-world factors enhance, limit, or obliterate framing effects. However, the important question whether framing effects vary depending on the level of attitudinal ambivalence – a prevalent psychological phenomenon that is shown to have significance influence on media effects and attitude change – has not been addressed. Based on a web-based between-subject experimental study (total N=177), this research investigates whether and how attitudinal ambivalence affects framing effects. The study shows that both the effects of the positive framed message (i.e., the message emphasizing a favorable consideration to the issue selected) and negative framed message (i.e., the message which emphasize unfavorable consideration) are affected by the level of attitudinal ambivalence. In particular, the positive framing effect is enhanced by the higher level of attitudinal ambivalence, while the negative framing effect gets weakened. These opposite results could be explained by the hypothetical mechanism of interaction, which holds that attitudinal ambivalence affects framing effects via affecting the role of predisposition in moderating framing effects. This hypothetical mechanism is supported by the experimental evidence. In addition, the theoretical and practical implications of this research will be discussed. ; 近年來,不少學者均呼籲要在現實世界的情境中探索框架效應。而近年亦有越來越多的研究,專注於去探討有什麼現實世界的因素,會加強、削弱甚或是消除框架效應。然而,在這研究範疇中,還有一條重要卻尚未被處理過的問題 - 框架效應的影響,會不會因矛盾心態程度上的不同而有所變化?矛盾心態是世實世界中的一個常見心理現象。已有證據顯示,它會對其他的媒體效應、及態度轉變有來顯著的影響。 ; 本文會以網上組間實驗的證據為基礎,探討矛盾心態會否及會如何影響框架效應。實驗結果顯示,矛盾心態分別影響了正面的框架化訊息 (正面訊息強調利好於事件的考慮)及反面的框架化訊息(反面訊息強調不利於事件的考慮)的影響。具體來說,矛盾心態加強了正面框架化訊息的影響,卻削弱了負面訊息的影響。這樣相反結果,可以被本文假設的相互作用機制所解釋。這機制假定,矛盾心態對框架效應的影響,是在個人回應框架訊息的過程中,通過改變個人傾向的影響力而產生的。實際的實驗結果,亦支持了這個假設的機制。 ; 本文亦會探討這項研究的學術意義及實用意義。 ; Lee, Po Chiu Ivan. ; Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2013. ; Includes ...