Suchergebnisse

While there are many books on crisis negotiation, most of the current literature focuses on the history and mechanics of this dynamic process, leaving out critical elements that are required for a successful encounter with a hostage-taker or other malfeasant. Psychological Aspects of Crisis Negotiation, Second Edition explores the methods and strategies for confronting the nine types of subjects typically encountered in hostage/suicide sieges by correctional staff and law enforcement crisis negotiators. Drawn from articles published by Thomas Strentz while serving at the FBI Academy* along with written versions of lectures developed and delivered since his retirement, the book highlights psychological dynamics of negotiations as they apply to the negotiator, the hostage, and the subject. It discusses the predictors of surrender versus the need for a tactical intervention and examines the phases of a hostage crisis and the changing focus as the crisis develops. Referencing historical events such as The Bay of Pigs invasion and the Challenger and Columbia incidents, the book demonstrates how faulty group decision making can spell tragedy. Enhanced with case studies to put the material into context, this second edition also includes new chapters on the first responder, hostage survival, and the Islamic belief system and culture. Steeped in sage advice from a national expert, this volume arms those tasked with confronting dangerous offenders with the knowledge and tools they need to subvert disaster and ensure the preservation of human life. *Articles were reviewed by the Academy Editorial/Review Board and approved by the Bureau for publication.

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i5.363 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 5, 1998, Pages 20-37

Book description: Patient safety is an issue which in recent years has grown to prominence in a number of countries' political and health service agendas. The World Health Organisation has launched the World Alliance for Patient Safety. Millions of patients, according to the Alliance, endure prolonged ill-health, disability and death caused by unreliable practices, services, and poor health care environments. At any given time 1.4 million people worldwide are suffering from an infection acquired in a health facility. Patient Safety, Law Policy and Practice explores the impact of legal systems on patient safety initiatives. It asks whether legal systems are being used in appropriate ways to support state and local managerial systems in developing patient safety procedures, and what alternative approaches can and should be utilized. The chapters in this collection explore the patient safety managerial structures that exist in countries where there is a developed patient safety infrastructure and culture. The legal structures of these countries are explored and related to major in-country patient safety issues such as consent to treatment protocols and guidelines, complaint handling, adverse incident reporting systems, and civil litigation systems, in order to draw comparisons and conclusions on patient safety.

"In diesem Arbeit werden vor allem 5 Themen behandelt: 1. die unterschiedlichen Geräusche, die in einer Stadt vorkommen und zu öffentlichen Beschwerden führen, 2. internationale Studien über die Auswirkungen von Umweltlärm auf die Wohnbevölkerung, 3. unsere eigene letzte Studie, in der die Auswirkungen von Straßenverkehrslärm auf die Bevölkerung einer Großstadt und mit den Auswirkungen anderer Umweltlärmquellen verglichen wurden, 4. methodologische Probleme bei der Anwendung sozialwissenschaftlicher Daten auf ökologische und politische Entscheidungen, und 5. potentielle Auswirkungen von Lärmschutzmaßnahmen. Als Hauptwirkungen des Umweltlärms werden Bevölkerungsreaktionen angesehen, die systematisch mit dem Niveau der akustischen Belastung variieren: 1. Unzufriedenheit mit der Geräuschsituation in der Wohngegend, 2. Störungen intendierter Aktivitäten (z.B. Unterhaltung, Telefonieren, Fernsehen etc.), 3. Verhaltensmaßnahmen gegen Lärm (z.B. Fenster schließen), 4. Neigung, aus der Wohngegend fortzuziehen, 5. Verärgerung über Lärm und 6. wahrgenommene psychovegetative Wirkungen (z.B. Schlafstörungen und Kopfschmerzen). Im Fall des Straßenverkehrslärm sind bis zu 40 Prozent der Varianz von Bevölkerungsreaktionen systematisch mit der Varianz akustischer Belastungskennwerte verknüpft. Weitere 30 bis 40 Prozent der Varianz von Bevölkerungsreaktionen sind systematisch mit sogenannten Moderatoren verknüpft - das sind Faktoren im betroffenen Menschen, die auf eine Verarbeitung der Belastung Einfluß nehmen (z.B. die Überzeugung, man selbst oder der Staat könne etwas gegen den Lärm unternehmen). Weitere Wirkungen des Lärms, die von anderen Quellen stammen, werden besprochen. Diese stehen allgemein in weniger engem Zusammenhang mit den akustischen Kennwerten der Belastung." (Autorenreferat)

In this study a multilevel conceptual framework is developed for the study of racism in organization as seen by African-Americans. Three levels are defined: institutional racism, racial climate, and personal discrimination. Perceptions of racism on each of these levels are related to racial identity, using the Racial Identity Attitudes Scale, to determine if racial identity is associated with perceptions of racism. The results, based on a sample of Blacks in a state bureaucracy, indicated that racial identity was the best predictor of perceptions of racial climate and personal discrimination. For example: Blacks who reported Pre-Encounter racial identity attitudes (i.e., those who were White-identified and Black-rejective) saw less racism in the workplace, whereas those who endorsed Internalization attitudes (i.e., those who were Black-identified but not anti-White) saw more. In addition, two factors were identified in racial climate: (a) Experience and Intensity of Racism and (b) Management Power and Policy. These themes were consistent with the literature, and they were found throughout the data. Implications for organizational consultation and change are considered, especially the implications of African-American intragroup diversity.