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The application of public policy as an activity in the public policy process is often contrary to what is expected, and even makes policy products a stumbling block for policy makers themselves. That is the implementation of public policy. This requires a deep understanding of public policy studies. The research objective that the researchers conducted was to analyze and analyze the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. See and analyze the constraints in the Implementation of Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. As well as to find out and analyze what preventive measures were taken to overcome obstacles in the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. The research method used in research using qualitative methods. Qualitative research to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. From this study found obstacles related to the Implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Pasanggrahan Baru District, South Sumedang Regency, Sumedang Regency, both related to communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structures. Enduring the obstacles that have been done is also an effort to overcome the obstacles that have occurred. So that the purpose of implementing the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy for Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Baru Pasanggrahan Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency can be carried out as expected. ; The application of public policy as an activity in the public policy process is often contrary to what is expected, and even makes policy products a stumbling block for policy makers themselves. That is the implementation of public policy. This requires a deep understanding of public policy studies. The research objective that the researchers conducted was to analyze and analyze the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. See and analyze the constraints in the Implementation of Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. As well as to find out and analyze what preventive measures were taken to overcome obstacles in the implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Pasanggrahan Baru Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency. The research method used in research using qualitative methods. Qualitative research to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. From this study found obstacles related to the Implementation of the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy in Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Pasanggrahan Baru District, South Sumedang Regency, Sumedang Regency, both related to communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structures. Enduring the obstacles that have been done is also an effort to overcome the obstacles that have occurred. So that the purpose of implementing the Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT) Policy for Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Baru Pasanggrahan Village, Sumedang Selatan District, Sumedang Regency can be carried out as expected.

Covid 19 that has hit the Indonesian nation has had a multidimensional impact on people's lives. The formation of the Task Force for the Acceleration of Handling Covid 19 is a concrete step for the government in response to this problem. The Task Force has certainly faced various obstacles, challenges and problems in carrying out its duties and functions. One of them will be related to the arrangement of the various dimensions of the Task Force organization in several laws and regulations that govern it. The research method used is descriptive and juridical normative with the aim of obtaining a complete and comprehensive description and evaluation of the organizational dimensions of the Task Force that have been stipulated in several laws and regulations as a product of public policy. The results showed that the Task Force as the operating core of government policies / programs dealing with Covid 19 was an ad hoc institution that was a political organization. Regulations for several structural and contextual dimensions are contained in Presidential Decree No. 7/2020, Presidential Decree No. 9/2020, Presidential Regulation No. 82/2020, and Decree of the Chair of the Task Force No. 16/2020, namely formalization, specialization, hierarchy of authority, organizational goals and organizational size. ; Covid-19 having hit the Indonesian nation has multidimensionally impacted on people's lives. The formation of the Task Force for Accelerating the Handling of Covid-19 is a concrete policy of the Indonesian Government to respond the problem. The Task Force in carrying out its duties has certainly faced various obstacles, challenges and problems. One of them can be related to the arrangement of various organizational dimensions of the Task Force in several laws and regulations. The aim of this research is to describe the organizational dimensions of the Task Force. This research uses descriptive method combined with the juridical-normative approach where the laws and regulations arranging the Task Force can be viewed as public policy. Result of this research shows that the Task Force is an ad hoc organization as an operating core of the government policy in handling Covid-19. Some structural and contextual organizational dimensions of the Task Force, namely formalization, specialization, hierarchy of authority, organizational goal, and organizational size, are contained in (a) Presidential Decree No. 7/2020, (b) Presidential Decree No. 9/2020, (c) Presidential Regulation No. 82/2020, and (d) Decree of the Chair of the Task Force No. 16/2020, namely formalization, specialization, hierarchy of authority, organizational goals and organizational size.

AbstractThe portrait of multicultural societies that can coexist in terms of customs and culture even though they come from different ethnic groups shows that the cultural diversity in society expressed socially has proven not to give birth to social conflict. The main reference for the realization of a multicultural Indonesian society is multiculturalism, which is a view that recognizes and admires differences in equality, both individually and culturally.Multiculturalism can develop when supported by tolerance and a willingness to respect one another. Building a multicultural society starts from an understanding called multiculturalism, which is an idea that contains an effort to understand the nature of the complexities and interrelations between one culture with another culture that is an element of multicultural culture.Public policy has a very broad dimension because it covers what the government does or does not do. That is, what the government does not do on a particular issue also becomes a public policy. In a broad sense, public policy has an absolute relationship with the community, because the orientation of public policy will return to the community and its environment.In some cases, even though public policies have been prepared in accordance with values and interests that cannot be avoided, so that the real involvement of the whole community in the formulation process, responsible for the implementation and in reviewing the development results of public policy is an indicator of the success of a policy. This implies that there must be strong synergy between the people and the government in a public policy.

AbstractPolitical life concerns all those varieties of activity that influence significantly the kind of authoritative policy adapted for society and the way it is put into practice. We are said to the participating in political life when our activity relates in some way to the making and execution of policy for a society.Political decision making is one of the most important research domains in political psychology and rational choice theory is the most commonly use theoretical frame work to explain decision making processes.Basic assumptions (normative) rational choice theory are that individuals and choose action that are optimally related to their beliefs and values. Moreover, political decision making in particular voting is only weakly related to actual self interest.Democracy a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representative, control of an organization or group by the majority of its members. If politic is perceived as consisting of those collectivized decisions. Naturally, while all the decisions of political nature are collectivized decisions are political.While a social demoracy and the reason that makes it entirely different from a socialist democracry from a policy enforced by a socialist state upon a society. Social democracy descend from the top down. While socialist democracy is above all away of governing.

This study examined the conceptualization of public policy consisting of public policy concepts, public policy models; Public policy process; Policy actor; Transportation infrastructure policy. Through this article it will be known the role of the policy actor in giving birth to public policy especially the transportation infrastructure policy. The actor's role will help in the success and/or failure of a policy in the field of transportation infrastructure. This was a literature study. Data in this study were collected through reviewing the literature from various sources such as googlescholar.com; sciencedirect.com and other relevant sources. The literatures that were referenced came from a variety of published years and from various policy issues that came from various countries. The conclusion of this writing was that the public policy and policy actor were very urgent and had important role of in childbirth infrastructure policy especially in the field of transportation. In the future, this article becomes a conceptual reference for interested parties to examine the issue of policy actor role in formulating public policy.

Budgeting for a state or a country seems to be the most important part to handle administration and government policy in term of socio economic reason. In practice, a lot of government tends to subscribe a balance budget whereby it is striving to balance between revenues and expenditures accurately. Unfortunately, this balancing post uses a debt and foreign aid charged by interest to cover any shortage in revenues. In the real context, the budget deficit management based on debt is still controversial and considered inappropriate with developing country conditions which their economies are unstable and fluctuated. Unfortunately, many countries in the world including Muslim-populated countries subscribe budget deficit system whereby the sources of its fund are backed up by debt. The focus of this paper is to analyze two main sensitive issues of the Indonesian economy in the light of Maqasid Al Shariah. This study employs a method of literature review and combined with data analysis. Actually, Islam has a very rich literature legacy in administrating public sector economy and it becomes important theory and framework as a stance or point of view to analyze the prevailing system. The high interest rate payment is the main issue of public sector expenditure. Indonesian government seems no choices to resolve its public sector economy and relies too much on debt management. For social welfare expenditure there has been a misallocation in emphasizing budget expenditure whereby oil and petroleum subsidy consume almost majority of the total welfare expenditure in Indonesian public sector economy

This study was titled "Implementation of Billboard Tax Policy in the City of Bandung". This study was backed by the writer's interest in seeing the phenomenon of unachieved billboard tax revenue targets for the past few years, even the realization is below 11% of the target that was set in the City of Bandung. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the billboard tax policy implementation in the City of Bandung. This study applied the theory of Soren C. Winter that explains three factors that influence the process of policy implementation. This research used a qualitative research method. The results showed that the implementation of the tax policy billboard in the city of Bandung had gone well but there were still obstacles in organizational and inter-organizational behavior, caused by the lack of coordination that existed between BPPD and Satpol PP. Furthermore, the behavior of the target group was also found that there were still negative responses from billboard organizers who are looking for loopholes so they can be detached from the imposition of billboard taxes. Meanwhile, on the other aspects, it had gone well, such as the street-level bureaucrat's behavior, namely through discretion which was done by making barcodes and working fast without waiting for recommendations from other SKPD to supervise billboards that are considered to be in violation. The commitment indicators of organizational and inter-organizational behavior have gone well because employees' actions were in line with the vision and mission of the organization and the last indicator of positive response to the behavior of the target group can be seen from the support of billboard organizers to help the government supervise and remind the public to be obedient on paying taxes.

E-Government merupakan upaya mengembangkan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik meningkatkan kualitas layanan publik secara efektif dan efisien, sesuai Inpres No. 3 Tahun 2003 tentang Kebijakan dan Strategi Pengembangan e-Government. Perkembangan teknologi mempengaruhi pengelolaan administrasi perpajakan baik keperluan pemerintah maupun wajib pajak dari manual ke sistem online, sehingga menghemat waktu, proses kerja, dan kertas. Dengan diterapkan pajak online sehingga tercipta good governance. Rumusan masalah, yaitu : 1) Bagaimanakah implementasi e-Government dalam proses pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung? 2) Apakah faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi e-Government dalam proses pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung? Teori yang digunakan adalah teori implementasi kebijakan publik model Merilee S. Grindle dan Teori implementasi kebijakan publik model George C. Edwards III. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan obvservasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik penentuan informan menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis data deskriptif kualitatif, meliputi : reduksi data, display data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil temuan penelitian disimpulkan bahwa : 1) Implementasi e-Government dalam proses pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung sudah terimplementasi dengan diterapkannya sistem online pajak daerah melalui e-SPTPD. 2) Faktor-faktor pendukung implementasi e-Government dalam proses pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung meliputi : komitmen Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung dalam pelayanan publik melalui e-Government, resources (sumber daya), sosialisasi, jaringan internet, dan kesadaran Wajib Pajak. Sedangkan faktor-faktor penghambat implementasi e-Government dalam proses pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung meliputi : pengetahuan dan kesadaran wajib pajak serta pandemi Covid-19. ; E-Government is an effort to develop electronic-based governance to improve the quality of public services effectively and efficiently, in accordance with Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2003 concerning e-Government Development Policies and Strategies. Technological developments affect the management of tax administration both for government and taxpayer needs from manual to online systems, thereby saving time, work processes, and paper. By applying online taxes so that good governance is created. The formulation of the problem, namely: 1) How is the implementation of e-Government in the process of reporting Regional Tax Returns to the Badung Regency Government? 2) What are the supporting factors and obstacles to the implementation of e-Government in the process of reporting Regional Tax Returns to the Badung Regency Government? The theory used is the theory of public policy implementation model of Merilee S. Grindle and the theory of public policy implementation model of George C. Edwards III. The research approach used a qualitative descriptive. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The technique of determining informants using purposive sampling. The data analysis technique is descriptive qualitative data analysis, including: data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of the research findings concluded that: 1) The implementation of e-Government in the process of reporting Local Tax Returns to the Badung Regency Government has been implemented by implementing an online local tax system through e-SPTPD. 2) The supporting factors for the implementation of e-Government in the process of reporting the Regional Tax Returns to the Badung Regency Government include: the commitment of the Badung Regency Government in public services through e-Government, resources (resources), socialization, internet networks, and taxpayer awareness . While the factors inhibiting the implementation of e-Government in the process of reporting Regional Tax Returns to the Badung Regency Government include: knowledge and awareness of taxpayers and the Covid-19 pandemic.

This study aims to examines the influence of council budget knowledge towards the role of DPRD on region financial control with good governance principles (transparancy in public policy, public accountability, public participation) and political background as the moderating variables. The phenomenon on this study is the case of corruption on APBD Pesisir Selatan Regency in budgeting period 2011, with former of secretary Pesisir selatan as lawbreaker. The data on this study is primary data with kuesioners instrument. The respondents is DPRD Pesisir Selatan regency period 2014-2019, with respons rate about 37 kuesioners. The result showed that council budget knowledge have positive significant effect towards the role of DPRD on region financial control. Furthemore, the relationship of council budget knowledge have positive significant effect towards the role of DPRD on region financial control with transparancy in public policy as moderating variable, while public accountability and public participation no have significant effect. Then, the relationship of council budget knowledge no have significant effect towards the role of DPRD on region financial control with political background as moderating variable.Keywords : Budget knowledge, Regional Financial Control, Good Governance Principles, Political Background.

The existence of a big national Islamic social mass organization like NU, are getting involved with social, economic, politic, and state's problems and issues, including public policy. It was convinced that NU-neese's attitude and activity are related with their organization's view. As a social mass organization, NU has an interest in struggling social civil welfare, but as Islamic organization, its actions, must be based on religious legitimacy (fiqh). By taking the purposes of welfare, NU -- with its subordinate organization LBMNU-- uses fiqh as a tool to reach social, politics and state goals. This view uttered the new species of fiqh, such an anti-corruption, ecology, or human trafficking. Based on the view, to aim the problem resolution of public policy, LBMNU has been revitalized the method and role of fiqh. The research has been done using qualitative method and Islamic normative approach (ushul fiqh). The data were obtained through library research as the primary one trough content analysis model.

Political participation is the participation of society or certain parties in political activities. And when politics is defined as a policy and when we associate with public participation then we will arrive at how public participation in making a policy. Politics Partisipas actively in policy-making becomes an absolute requirement, since participation would give birth control community over the course of government. This study aimed to describe the political participation of indigenous village of Kuta in public policy formulation in the Village District Karangpaningal Tambaksari Ciamis district. Research method used is descriptive qualitative method. In this study the techniques of data collection was done by in-depth interviews (Indeepth Interview), direct observation and documentation, purposive sampling technique is a technique used for sampling. Data analysis using the method of interactive analysis and validity of data used is the technique of data triangulation. The results of this study show that, this result shows that the growing political participation of indigenous peoples in the village of Kuta in policy formulation can be viewed in two processes. First, political participation in the process of internal policies in indigenous communities, and second, political participation in policy formulation processes at the village level. Political participation in indigenous communities, are more closed to the elitist model, Kuncen was instrumental in setting policy, while in access planning, policy control indigenous communities are not involved at all, it is in because of the strength of tradition Kuncen positioned as the main actor who issued the customary policy . While political participation in policy formulation process stages or levels in the Village Karangpaninggal already running with the following democratic values. This means that in this process of political participation open space area . However, space for perpartisipasi is not utilized optimally. This is because the human resources and the level of understanding of the political partisitisipasi low.

The main problem in this research are: effectiveness studies of street vendors in the city of Cirebon is still low, it is expected that the implementation of policies in public order has not been effective. Based on the above formulation of the problem, the research question is how much influence the implementation of policy on the effectiveness of public order policing of street vendors in the city of Cirebon? as well as how much influence the implementation of policy through the public order dimension implementation activities and communication between organizations, kerekteristik enforcement agencies, economic conditions, social and political, as well as the tendency of the effectiveness of the control apparatus peleksana street vendors in the city of Cirebon? The study was conducted by using Merode survey by taking samples and populations. Sebayak population 3036 people, taken a sample of 350 people. Data collection is done by means of literature study and field study (observational, waancara and questionnaires), while data analysis is done by using quantitative analysis Path Analysis (Path Analysis). The results of research that affects public order policy implementation large (54.5%) on the effectiveness of research padagang street in the city of Cirebon. Nevertheless, the effect is not optimal due to the increased effectiveness of pebertiban vendors after no more banayak public order felt by padagang pavement. Influence public order policy implementation is greater than the influence of other variables varriabel (45%), so that the effectiveness of the control of street vendors in the city of Cirebon more banayak influenced by public policy implementation.The dimensions of the implementation of development policy public order each berepengaruh the effectiveness of policing hawkers in the city of Cirebon. Kempat dimensions of public order policy, whose influence is greatest dimension is the economic, social and political (20.5%), then duusul by the influence of the dimensions of implementation activities and communication between organizations (13.8%), as well as the influence of the characteristics of the implementing agencies ( 11.6%). The dimensions of the smallest effect is the tendency of executive officers (8.6%). The influence of each dimension that cumulatively contribute to the magnitude of the inhabitants of the implementation of general policies by 54.5%.

Since the enactment of decentralization local government have been granted the authority to organize, protect society etc. Given the authority that Central Kalimantan provincial government issued a policy (Pergub No. 15 tahun 2010 on guidelines for land clearing and yard for the people) to protect the local community in the tradition / habit of farming by burning forests to customary provisions. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the extent to which public policy relevance since the issuance of the policy in 2010-2015 and to what extent these policies protect the local wisdom. the method used is descriptive qualitative study, using the study of literature in the process of data collection. Results and discussion of these studies show that 1) in 2015 created a policy that is no longer relevant because the whole area of Central Kalimantan is 15.3 million hectares, 12.7 hectares (78%) is controlled by plantation companies. 2) goodwill by the Government of Central Kalimantan to protect local communities need to be given appreciation. But this policy could apply / relevant if it is done before the 90s because many forests and local people still farming to meet food needs.

The main problem of this research is district apparatus in District of Praya, Pujut, and Janapria Central Lombok Regency can not do better their job yet, although the government pass through legislation regulation gave attributive authority to district head for carry out it job. This research intend for investigate, watch closely and analyze that the policy implementation of district head attributive authority that implement by district apparatus. Hoping from the result of analysis has a new concept about public policy implementation. The used of theory is the policy implementation theory of Mazmanian and Sabatier. This research used qualitative method and qualitative descriptive research design. The most instrument of this research is the researcher. The resources of data are document, archives, interview, observation and office equipment, used to get data and information at the field. While, the method of collecting data used interview, observation and document. The result of this study showed that the policy of District Head Attributive Authority in District of Praya, Pujut, and Janapria Central Lombok Regency West Nusa Tenggara Province can not good implementation, so that not able to improved of carrying out of apparatus district job. This research found new concept that the success of implementation of atributive authority can achieved through improvement on will and ability from receiver of authority, and there is political will from giver of authority. Because of that, attributive authority can implementation by receiver of authority effectively.

This study examines the performance of the regional council in serving of channeling aspirations of the people in West Java, Indonesia. This is possible because West Java province is an autonomous regional authority to regulate and manage the interests of the community and Government Affairs at its own initiative based on the aspirations of the people. The study uses a qualitative approach in order to get the natural settings in which there were many behaviors and events occurred. This study also uses an institutional theory (institutionalism), because the theory could lead the researchers on the structure, regulation and institutional procedures which could have a significant impact on a public policy and it should not be ignored in policy analysis. This study finds that in order to carry out their functions as elected representatives, the members of the provincial representative council always make themselves available for the community. To that end, the members of the provincial parliament, among others, absorb and collect the aspirations of the constituents through regular working visits; accommodate and follow up the aspirations and complaints; and give morally and politically accountable to the constituencies. In addition to receiving complaints that come to the Parliament's office, public aspiration was performed on working visits on a regular basis by members of Regional Representative Council for each electoral district at the time of recess. In terms of transparency, all the services were conducted in a transparent manner. Even so, some people still doubt the veracity of such transparency.