Suchergebnisse

The text part of the strong connection between strong Welfare State, and the active Public Policies of equilibrium, and distribution of wealth. From this premise we consider some scenarios in which structural inequalities prevent the development of active Public Policies. Specifically it refers to certain data from Latin America. These data are presented as a counterpoint to the European context. Finally, it deals with the role of the middle classes as recipients of new policies needed to give a new meaning to the social status of the XXI century. ; El texto parte de la fuerte conexión entre Estado social fuerte y las políticas públicas activas de distribución y equilibrio de la riqueza. Desde esta premisa se describen algunos escenarios en los que las desigualdades estructurales impiden el desarrollo de políticas públicas activas. De manera específica se alude a determinados datos relativos a America Latina. Estos datos se presentan como contrapunto al contexto europeo. Por último, se incide en el papel de las clases medias como destinatarias de las nuevas políticas públicas necesarias para dar un nuevo sentido al estado social del siglo XXI.

The European influence has served as an inspiration for developing the Spanish Welfare State since the early 1980s through a wide range of legal, cognitive, political, institutional and financial resources and mechanisms. However, convergence with the EU has gone through times of advance and frustration. The Spanish social protection system was in a very early phase of development when other European countries were starting to pursue cost-containment and recalibration strategies by the mid-1990s. The outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008 has frustrated the many political expectations that the Spanish Welfare State can converge with European countries. The efforts at recalibration, coverage of new social risks and tentative steps towards social investment made in the 2000s have been either abandoned or put on hold. Sweeping austerity measures have had detrimental effects over the protective capacity of the Spanish Welfare State. Abrupt structural reform and indiscriminate cuts on social protection do hardly appear as appropriate strategies to reduce inequality gaps and heightened social polarization caused by the economic and financial crisis, let alone to promote the broadening of protection for new social rights. The institutional framework of the Spanish Welfare State has to be reoriented towards more intense protection of new social risks, if its capacity for supporting sustainable and inclusive economic growth is to be strengthened in a postcrisis context. The re-design of the welfare state after the crisis should put an emphasis on reconciliation of work and private life, public care provision for children, the disabled and the elderly, effective minimum income schemes, protection for long-term unemployed and active labour market policies. ; Peer reviewed

This research uses evolutionary game theory to determine the importance of public safety and government interventions to maximize social welfare when insecurity prevails. The study method consists of modeling an owner-opportunistic evolutionary game with high levels of crime and little action by the victims, alternating with government interventions. Conclusions show that the only mechanism through which the government can make the population achieve a maximum of social welfare is by improving public security, regardless of whether there are greater penalties for criminals. ; Esta investigación utiliza la teoría de los juegos evolutivos para determinar la importancia de la seguridad pública y las intervenciones gubernamentales para alcanzar un máximo de bienestar social cuando prevalece la inseguridad. El método de estudio consiste en modelar un juego evolutivo propietario-oportunista con altos niveles de delincuencia y poca acción de las víctimas, e ir alternando con las intervenciones del gobierno. Se concluye que el único mecanismo a través del cual el gobierno puede hacer que la población alcance un máximo de bienestar social es mejorando la seguridad pública, independientemente de si existen mayores penalidades para los delincuentes.

Analysis of the policies for the elderly people from both an International and Spanish scope. With particular attention to the development of Legislation, Plans and Administrative structures, as well as the available Social Services. ; Se realiza un estudio de las políticas para los Mayores en el ámbito Internacional y en España, haciendo referencia al desarrollo Normativo, a los Planes y estructuras administrativas, así como a los Servicios sociales disponibles.

The inclusion of public policies in the stage of public administration allows the search for solutions to socially problematic situations. This tool involves not only technical and political actors, but also social actors. Therefore, it represents a possibility to achieve the social welfare. However, indicators show that social issues have not significantly advanced since 1991, in spite of the incorporation of the new Constitution. As a result, the advances of the policies aim to re-organize the possibility to guarantee the social rights. These advances allow mechanisms such as tutelage or judicial decisions to regulate that the rights could be plenty enjoyed. Beginning with an interpretative exercise, the limitation of the policies should be considered like a challenge to build and configure approaches of implementation in the Colombian situation, provided that these are the moments which allow the consecution of the welfare in the country. ; La incursión de las políticas públicas en el escenario de la administración pública posibilitan la búsqueda de soluciones ante situaciones socialmente problemáticas; esta herramienta que involucra no solo a los actores técnicos y políticos dentro del proceso de implementación, sino a los actores sociales es una posibilidad para la consecución del bienestar social. No obstante, los indicadores sociales muestran que los avances en materia de lo social desde 1991 año en que se incorpora la nueva Carta Constitucional no son muchos, en consecuencia, los adelantos de las políticas públicas redimensionan las posibilidad de garantía de los derechos sociales, permitiendo que mecanismos como la tutela y las decisiones jurisprudenciales terminen regulando el goce efectivo de los derechos. De esta forma, y a partir de un ejercicio interpretativo, los limitantes de las políticas públicas deben considerarse un reto para la construcción y para la configuración de enfoques de implementación en caso colombiano puesto que estos momentos son los que permiten la consecución del bienestar en el país.

A philosophical argumentation in support of widening the scope of public services ; This is a refutation of proposals to make the state machine thinner. The main ruling principles of public service are canvassed and argued for. We uphold Wagner's law, to the effect that public administration tends to be entrusted with more and more tasks, which is shown to ensue into an increased common welfare, while any involution would thwart the enjoyment of positive human rights of the weaker part of the population. ; Peer reviewed

El 28 de octubre de 2013 tuvo lugar en Bruselas la primera Conferencia de la Unión Europea sobre el bienestar de perros y gatos. Bajo el título "Building a Europe that cares for companion animals", se abordaron temas como el tráfico ilegal de estos animales o su cría incontrolada, así como las repercusiones que este tipo de prácticas tienen en términos de bienestar animal y salud pública. Entre los asistentes, alumnos de las dos primeras ediciones del Máster en Derecho Animal y Sociedad y del curso de Postgrado: Agnès Dufau, Núria Murlà, Emma Infante, Loïs Laïmene-Lelanchon y María González. ; On October 28, 2013, the First Conference from the European Union on the welfare of dogs and cats took place. Entitled "Building a Europe that cares for companion animals", topics were tackled such as the illegal traffic of these animals and their uncontrolled breeding, as well as the repercussions that these types of practices have for animal welfare and public health. Among the attendees, there were several students from the first two editions of the Masters in Animal Law and Society and of the Postgraduate COurse: Agnès Dufau, Núria Murlà, Emma Infante, Loïs Laïmene-Lelanchon and María González.

El texto parte de la fuerte conexión entre Estado social fuerte y las políticas públicas activas de distribución y equilibrio de la riqueza. Desde esta premisa se describen algunos escenarios en los que las desigualdades estructurales impiden el desarrollo de políticas públicas activas. De manera específica se alude a determinados datos relativos a America Latina. Estos datos se presentan como contrapunto al contexto europeo. Por último, se incide en el papel de las clases medias como destinatarias de las nuevas políticas públicas necesarias para dar un nuevo sentido al estado social del siglo XXI. ; The text part of the strong connection between strong Welfare State, and the active Public Policies of equilibrium, and distribution of wealth. From this premise we consider some scenarios in which structural inequalities prevent the development of active Public Policies. Specifically it refers to certain data from Latin America. These data are presented as a counterpoint to the European context. Finally, it deals with the role of the middle classes as recipients of new policies needed to give a new meaning to the social status of the XXI century.

El presente artículo presenta un caso de incidencia en políticas públicas de un colectivo animalista (Identidad Animal, Manizales - Colombia) que, al mezclar estrategias micro y macropolíticas y agenciar un animalismo pragmático (integrando tácticas bienestaristas y abolicionistas), propone soluciones puntuales a problemas de maltrato y crueldad animal. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a integrantes del colectivo y revisiones documentales sobre legislación animal y producción de conocimiento, tanto de académicos como de los colectivos animalistas. Se concluye que cuando los colectivos sociales apelan al pragmatismo privilegiando resultados sobre narrativas lúcidas y encasillamientos militantes, logran desarrollar una lectura política del contexto que los hace tener un mayor impacto sobre los hechos de injusticia que quieren transformar. ; The present article presents a case of incidence in public policies, where an animalist collective (Animal Identity, in Manizales – Colombia), mixing micro and macropolitical strategies and arranging a pragmatic animalism (integrating welfare and abolitionists tactics), proposes specific solutions to problems of abuse and animal cruelty. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to members of the collective and documentary reviews about animal legislation and knowledge production both academics and animalist collectives. It is concluded that when social collectives appeal to pragmatism privileging results on lucid narratives and militant placements, they get to develop a political reading of the context that makes them have a greater impact on acts of injustice that want to transform.

Several subjects of public health policies are analyzed from different points of view, bearing in mind the line of coherence of their universal, global and integral character. Themes such as "Health for All", understood as a universal policy at the close of this century, are included. Around it other recent approaches are considered which are also related between them: the subject of health promotion in its broad vision from the guidelines of the Ottawa (Canada) letter, and the public health policies in a version inscribed within the most recent strategies in the health field. Health is understood from a perspective of social product related to the living conditions of peoples, to their possibilities of having access to welfare, and to their free determination and autonomy in their decisions. In this sense, several methodologies about policy formulation are approached, emphasizing the political referent of collective order and the participation of the different actors as crucial aspects for effective decision making. ; Se analizan temas de las políticas públicas en salud desde varios ángulos, manteniendo el hilo de coherencia en el carácter global, integral y universal de las mismas. Incluye temas como el de la "salud para todos", entendida como una política universal en el siglo que culmina; alrededor de la misma se toman en consideración otros enfoques más actuales también relacionados entre sí: el tema de la promoción de la salud en su visión amplia a partir de los lineamientos de la Carta de Otawa (Canadá) y las políticas públicas en salud, en una versión propia de las estrategias más recientes en el campo de la salud. Se entiende esta última desde una perspectiva de producto social relacionada con las condiciones de vida de las gentes, sus potencialidades para acceder al bienestar y su libre determinación y autonomía en las decisiones. En tal sentido se abordan varias metodologías acerca de la formulación de políticas, en las cuales destaca el referente político de orden colectivo y la participación de los diferentes actores como los aspectos cruciales para una efectiva toma de decisiones.

Economic indicators such as income inequality are gaining attention as putative determinants of population health. On the other hand, we are just beginning to explore the health impact on population health of political and welfare state variables such as political orientation of government or type of medical care coverage. To determine the socially structured impact of political and welfare state variables on low birth weight rate, infant mortality rate, and under-five mortality rate, we conducted an ecological study with un balanced time-series data from 19 wealthy OECD countries for the years from 1960 to 1994. Among the political/welfare state variables, total public medical coverage was the most significant predictor of the mortality outcomes. The low birth weight rate was more sensitive to political predictors such as percentage of vote obtained by social democratic or labor parties. Overall, political and welfare state variables (including indicators of health policies) are associated with infant and child health indicators. While a strong medical care system seems crucial to some population health outcomes (e.g., the infant mortality rate), other population health outcomes might be impacted by social policies enacted by parties supporting strong welfare states (the low birth weight rate). Our investigation suggests that strong political will that advocates for more egalitarian welfare policies, including public medical services, is important in maintaining and improving the nation's health. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.