Suchergebnisse

Examines the presuppositions of beliefs regarding race & racism from a theoretical & substantive perspective. From a rational standpoint, racism involves both propositions & dispositions. The first proposition, deemed racialism, suggests that there are heritable differences among humans that permit racial categorization, & that these races share specific traits & characteristics absent in other races. It is argued that racialism alone is not necessarily dangerous, but that this proposition has been the basis of false & threatening beliefs regarding race. The distinction is made between extrinsic racism, which claims that racial differences are correlated with morally relevant distinctions, & intrinsic racism, which proposes that racial differences are intrinsically morally significant. The disposition of racism is described as the tendency to use racial difference as a basis for policies or beliefs that discriminate against certain races. Based on the fact that racialism's link between race & personal characteristics is inherently false (based on genetic & theoretical research), it is concluded that both forms of racism are false due to their theoretical reliance on racialism. T. Sevier

Explores the transition of racist practices in the Caribbean from the overt racism of the earlier stages of settlement to the more indirect & subtle discrimination persistent today. It is argued that the diversity of cultures in the Caribbean is conducive to social differentiation based on race & color. From the genocide of the Amerindians to the enslavement of Africans to indentured servitude, the long history of Caribbean racism is discussed in the context of the still prevalent color-class system. The new racism is one based on custom, cliqueism, & nepotism. The racist/antiracist struggle is discussed through several contemporary Caribbean examples: Guyana, Trinidad, Surinam, Haiti, Belize, Martinique, Guadeloupe, & French Guyana, as well as the English-speaking Caribbean & Cuba. 35 References. M. Greenberg

Explores the development of postwar state racism in Western Europe & the continuation of these policies through immigration controls & economic marginalization of minority communities. The policies of political parties & trade unions served to exclude immigrants, compelled them to accept lower wages, & as a result raised the status of the "native" race. The growing appeal of far-right parties is traced to the trade unions' failure to gain political power by accepting migrants into the union movement. Working-class white Europeans, consequently, have turned to the Right for answers to their problems. It is argued that antiracists in Europe must adopt the cause of refugee rights while still fighting for full democratic rights for settlers by building an organization from the bottom up rather that from the top down. 57 References. M. Greenberg

Argues that antiracism movements in the African-Brazilian population must first acknowledge race as a factor in Brazilian culture. The notion that Brazil is an antiracist nation is contradicted by the racial usage of color & class. Although it is posited by some scholars that there is no clear classification of race in Brazil, it is argued that physical appearance -- ie, color -- serves as a surrogate for race. It is advocated that the antiracist movement illustrate the institutionalism of racism in the public, private, & educational sectors. 37 References. M. Greenberg

Der Sport gilt auf der Ebene normativ-politischer Diskurse als ausgezeichnetes Medium einer universalen Verständigung und als ein gesellschaftlicher Bereich, der Gleichheitsideale in geradezu vorbildlicher Weise verwirklicht. Allerdings zeigt die Praxis des Sports von Menschen unterschiedlicher Herkunft, dass auch der Sport nicht frei von rassistischen Einstellungen und Diskriminierungen ist. Zu berücksichtigen ist dabei, dass es nicht "den" Rassismus sondern vielfältige Rassismen gibt, die historisch veränderlich sind und innerhalb komplexer Gesellschaften diverse, feldspezifische Formen annehmen können. Auf dem Feld des Sports stellt vor allem das Körperliche einen Schnittpunkt von Rassismus und Sportpraxis dar.

Reviews the claims made by scholars who advocate the notion of a racism problematic in the study of black-white relations in the UK since the 1980s. The racism problematic was meant to replace an earlier notion termed the race relations problematic. Stress on racism rather than race relations was meant to specify more clearly the historically hierarchical relations between whites & subordinate groups. This emphasis is traced to intellectual currents emerging in the 1960s, particularly to the new influence of Marxism among such groups as the Black Power movement in the US. According to the racism thesis, racism is less a form of discrimination than a kind of pathology reproduced by state policies & the mass media. The racism problematic is criticized on a number of grounds: (1) It inappropriately assumes that this social phenomena can be comprehensively explained as the product of a law-governed historical process. (2) In that it connects racism to capitalism, it reduces the possibility of comparison with similar phenomena in other societies. (3) It has had difficulty in providing an adequate definition of racism. (4) It fails to acknowledge that members of minority groups are acting agents. It is concluded that both the race relations & racism problematic took shape in a particular historical context, & so, are likely to be superseded in the future by new paradigms & approaches. D. M. Smith

Introduces two analyses of racism & antiracism in Brazil (see abstracts in IRPS No. 84) by arguing for a new visibility of racism. It is contended that white Brazilians as the discriminators of Afro-Brazilians should be the target to effect a change in culture & ideology. It is argued that the main problem facing the black movement is its inability to convince the black population that their unfavorable situation is due to racial discrimination, inequality, or prejudice. 1 Table, 3 References. M. Greenberg

Examines how whiteness persists in the US, which claims to be "beyond race," & offers a prediction on the future of whiteness. The structural character of new post-civil rights racism is delineated before addressing why this new racism, underpinned by a color-blind racial ideology, developed. Its operation in social interaction is considered. It is then posited that whiteness will become Latin-Americanized, contending that the US will develop a triracial system with "whites" at the top, "honorary whites" intermediate, & "collective blacks" at the bottom. The political implications of this are contemplated & a political strategy for combating three-headed -- new racism, white color-blindness, & Latin-Americanization -- postmodern white supremacy in the US is sketched. 1 Table, 1 Figure. J. Zendejas

Discusses the racialization of political debate in GB in the context of the question of immigration. It is argued that state racism is evidenced by the terms of the political debate following WWII focusing on the supposed social problems generated by black migrants. While a liberal attitude was espoused regarding the arrival of European workers, the Conservative & Labour governments of postwar GB raised fears regarding the arrival of colored colonial workers. The Commonwealth Immigrants Act of 1962 legitimized immigration control based on race by distinguishing between citizens of the UK & colonies, & citizens of independent commonwealth countries. The interconnection between race & immigration continued through the 1979 general election where the Conservative Party highlighted its position that black communities posed a threat to British social & cultural values. It is concluded that state intervention in immigration policy has contributed to the continuing racialization of social divisions. 34 References. M. Greenberg