Suchergebnisse

The hypothesis presented is that the ideological radicalization of the Cuban Revolution (which gained momentum in 1966 & reached a climax in 1968 with the so-called Revolutionary Offensive) has negatively affected economic performance, growth, & popular support. These phenomena may in turn halt or reverse the process of radicalization. Data come from Cuban statistics, legislation, speeches of the political leaders, radio broadcasts, newspapers, & articles in technical journals. Quantification is prevalent in measuring the economic performance while qualitative interpretation is mainly used when evaluating the radicalization process. In trying to predict the feasibility of the Cuban model, comparisons are made with some antecedents such as "War Communism" in the USSR, the "Great Leap Forward" & the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" in China. The hypothesis is tentatively accepted, although additional data & time are necessary to draw more solid conclusions. The radicalization process seems to have induced a decline in sugar production, nonsugar agriculture, & mining (except nickel) output, & GNP in both absolute figures & per capita. Domestically, this has forced an expansion of rationing & mass mobilization for productive activities. Externally it has resulted in a widening deficit in the balance of trade. There are also signs of deterioration in the political consensus. Although the Cuban blueprint for the future society & "New Man" is very appealing to the sociologist, there are serious doubts whether the economic performance of the nation will permit the continuation of the process. Modified AA.

Drawing largely on data obtained from a sample survey of Mc adolescents (N=389), the structural position of youth in modern industr society is discussed & inferences are drawn concerning the potential for alienation, radicalization, & subsequent soc action of this group. The relationship of youth to the adult-dominated instit's of society is virtually a feudal one, with young people constituting a subject "caste" that eventually must transcend its position. Young people are constrained to accept the dominant values of their culture, esp those relating to the benefits of educ as a key to upward mobility. As a result, nearly 50% of the R's studied plan to go to U (which plan varies directly by SC), & more than 50% in all SC's anticipate future professional & technical careers. However, because of econ changes taking place in advanced capitalist societies, young people are increasingly being exposed to unemployment & underemployment, frustration of career aspirations, & alienation. Some of these changes include the preferred status of blue-collar guilds, econ decline, inflation, the role of gov as a consumer, & the growth of multi-nat'l Corp's. The course which this radical potential may take is suggested by an analysis of the social forces operating within adolescent society itself. The young people studied are primarily left-liberal in their SP position, & are issue-oriented rather than concerned with abstract ideologies & philosophies. Their approach to issues is negativistic (ie, young people are clearer on what they are against than what they are for), & they display a strong nihilism in their att towards soc org's. Another element in the life-style of young people is hedonism, a value which is transmitted back to mainstream adolescents by those who have dropped out of the system. The soc action of youth is likely to be reformist & oriented to the redress of specific issues. "Dropping out," either to subsist in youth ghettoes or to become involved in alternative structures, is likely to increase. If young people develop a pol'al consciousness, it is likely to be anarchistic, although the elements of nihilism & soc consciousness may lead to involvement in "vanguard" activities directed towards the liberation of minority groups. AA.

A quantitative analysis of a sample of the literature of the US radical right reveals 9 recurring themes, 6 of which are ideollogical, 3 pol'al. The literature was scrutinized for manifestations of pol'al alienation, & in particular for 4 of its variables, meaninglessness, normalessness, powerlessness, & soc isolation. Alienation emerges as the price to be paid for the gap between pol'al realities & democratic theory. IPSA.

Relevant historical events of the 1920's are reviewed in an examination of the British gov's attitude to Negro leader Marcus Garvey. Already in 1919, unrest among Negroes in the US & elsewhere was being closely watched by the British gov. In that yr a confidential report was sent by Whitehall to the US Dept of State listing groups important to radical Negro movements & providing notes on individual black agitators & propagandists; Garvey & his Universal Negro Improvement Assoc (UNIA) were prominently mentioned in the report. The British gov was alarmed by the possibility that Garvey's org would awaken race-consciousness in Africa & the Caribbean & thereby threaten British interests. Garvey's influence in Africa is assessed & seen to have been greater in West Africa than in East Africa. 2 black men, W. E. B. DuBois in the US, & M. Mokete Manoedi of Basutoland, cast themselves as counterpoise to Garvey & as his critics & opponents. To offset UNIA propaganda, representatives of the British gov in the US helped to finance a ndw magazine called The British West Indian Review. It was hoped that the publication would affect the interests of West Indians residing in New York, a group which was drawn to the Garvey crusade. The British gov banned Garvey's NEGRO WORLD in many dependencies & denied members of the UNIA entry to others. Ironically, Garvey, the passionate apostle of 'back-to-Africanism,' never did set foot on African soil but died in relative obscurity in London in 1940. He would doubtless have been amused by the way in which British officials impugned his motives. The reverberations of Garveyism are still being felt in some of the newly independent nations of Africa. In England today he is lauded, even deified, by Black Power advocates from the West Indies & Africa. In a very real sense, as far as the British Empire is concerned, Garveyism has triumphed. Whitehall had good reason .to be worried. M. Maxfield.

The Caucus for a New Pol'al Sci emerged from a meeting of graduate students at the 1967 convention of the Amer Pol'al Sci Assoc. It Is based on a demand for a new relevance in pol'al sci. Pol'al set is considered irrelevant if it is uncritical of society & assumes the values & soc priorities of corrupt bur'cies, powerful elites or unjust soc practices. The 'established' pol'al set profession is accused of justifying everything in the Amer pol'al system as unique & workable & of condemning attempts to change it. Stability, rather than change, is the highest value, & conflict may be resolved peacefully & fairly within the existing system. Behavioralism, emphasizing the fact/value dichotomy & preoccupied with questions of method & model-building, supports these conservative tendencies. Pol'al sci'ts have become ideologues of the gov. Professionalism & its rewards are determined less by the values & ethics of the discipline than by the values & ethics of the soc & pol'al status quo. There are 3 prospective lines of development for radical pol'al sci: (1) a primarily theoretical one-the development of new paradigms for res & pol'al analysis or new modes of inquiry; (2) the politization & democratization of the APSA & the reform of the discipline, teaching, curricula-with the CNPS as the pinwheel for reform; (3) the creation of a res-action pol'al sci focusing on criticism of Amer instit's & analyses of alternative soc priorities. IPSA.

Conservatism has played a signif role in the development of US pol notwithstanding the revolutionary tradition in the US. In the absence of a crown & a nobility, conservatism has centered around the Constitution & the instit of private property. Deeply perturbed by the appearance of New Deal & Fair Deal welfarism, many conservatives hoped the security state was a passing phenomenon. The persistence of the Cold War & the acceptance by the moderate Eisenhower regime of the New Deal reforms have left many conservatives profoundly disturbed. Anti-communism developed around the investigative function of Congress as the chief device used to combat liberalism. Since 1960 a secret org, the John Birch Society, has been created which advocates radical action, such as the impeachment of the Chief Justice. The Supreme Court is the current focus of criticism. The strategy of the extreme right appears to be the splintering of the Repulibcan party. Amply financed by the nouveaux riches, especially the oil beneficiaries of special tax privileges, widespread propaganda is being spread to inflame the unthinking masses. The radical right has some resemblance to fascism but should not be so regarded unless stronger leadership & more violence develop. AA.

The new elements in the moral, intellectual, & religious atmosphere which came to pervade the US during the decade of the 1960's are explored. It is seen that these elements explain why the US found itself in revolutionary circumstances at that particular time. The most widely publicized aspect of the decade's religious history was the emergence of a radical movement in theology & ethics. The over-all ecclesiastical situation has also been profoundly altered, for Protestants, Catholics, & Jews alike. Many ancient modes of thinking were being altered in the 1960's. The changes seem to involve a deep shift in the presuppositional substructures of the Amer mind. They can be designated as metaphysical, moral, & soc: (1) a growing attachment to naturalism or 'secularism' that makes people suspicious of anything supernatural; (2) a creeping (or galloping) awareness of vast contradictions in US life between profession & performance, the ideal & the actual; & (3) increasing doubt re the capacity of present-day ecclesiastical, pol'al, soc, & educ'al instit's to rectify these contradictions. The reasons for these new positions are traced to the impact of sci, relativism & technology which began to be felt already in the 19th cent, & to the state of 'puritanical legalism' in the US which tended to be oblivious to the intellectual revolutions of the modern world. 5 catalysts propelled these changes: (i) The long-developing problems of unregulated Ur growth began to create environmental problems with which US pol'al & fiscal practices could not cope. (ii) Technological developments in agriculture & industry produced migrations of people that led the nat'l electorate to repudiate many of those arrangements that had long maintained the Protestant establishment & the WASP ascendancy in US life. (iii) Rapid technological & sci'fic advancements contributed another vital dimension to the nat'l mood. Their impact was enormously increased by sensational accomplishments that aroused the popular imagination (eg, the manned trip to the moon). (iv) The Cuban missile crisis, continued nuclear testing, attempts to achieve internat'l control of nuclear armaments seemed to underline the tentativity of mankind's earthly existence. (v) The drastic escalation of the war in Vietnam prevented an effective coping with the nation's problems of poverty & Ur dislocation. Modified HA.