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The fifteen chapters in this volume of Sociology of Crime, Law, and Deviance discuss a number of issues researchers in the fields of sociology, criminology, and criminal justice theorize, conceptualize, and measure racialization and counter-radicalization.

Cover -- Dedication -- Copyright -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Rethinking Radicalization -- Violence, emergency, uncertainty -- Political violence? -- Religious violence? -- Radicalization, vulnerability and identity? -- This book -- Social media: affect and embodied imagination -- Radicalization pathways -- 2 Distant Suffering -- The fam and everybody -- How I'm feeling, atm -- Mujahideen swag, yes pls -- Pleasure and humour -- The encounter with suffering -- This relates to me -- The life of a stranger -- I've got myself a new CLIQUEE -- LOL -- From good and evil to innocent and guilty -- What you aren't being told -- Desire and repulsion, beauty and ugliness -- Disgust -- Cleanse this impure nation -- Purity versus impurity -- Trolling -- Filth -- The grotesque -- True Muslims, false Muslims -- Distant suffering -- Choons, eyebrows and hijabs -- I hate Shias -- Innocence? Makes me laugh -- The Khalifah: to save ourselves -- Power -- A transformation -- 3 DIY Religion: Hidden Worlds, from Fear to Bliss -- The answer to every question -- 19 HH -- Collective identity? -- If you love someone, you're going to say it -- It takes my breath away -- Shirk, power and fear -- Mediated memories -- Sisters -- Between the uncanny and bliss -- 4 Mediating Violence: Filming the Self -- Being in the world -- Ecstatic violence -- I die like Jesus Christ -- Violence reveals a truth -- Film directors will be fighting over this story -- Fan cultures -- Fan cultures and desire: #Freejahar -- Alone against the enemy -- Fan cultures and disgust: Ewwwwwww your brave to hold it! -- The fake jihad life -- Shit man! -- Fusion and unreality -- Mediation, individuation -- 5 From Drug Dealer to Jihadist -- You realize you're going nowhere -- The tourist terrorist -- Brothers -- Soldiers -- 6 The Gamification of Jihad: the Cyber Caliphate -- Gamification -- Games and religion

"The study of radicalization and de-radicalization, understood as processes leading towards the increased or decreased use of political violence, is central to the question of how political violence emerges, how it can be prevented, and how it can be contained. The focus section of this issue of the International Journal of Conflict and Violence addresses radicalization and de-radicalization, seeking to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the processes, dynamics, and mechanisms involved and taking an interdisciplinary approach to overcome the fragmentation into separate disciplines and focus areas." (author's abstract)

The study of radicalization and de-radicalization, understood as processes leading towards the increased or decreased use of political violence, is central to the question of how political violence emerges, how it can be prevented, and how it can be contained. The focus section of this issue of the International Journal of Conflict and Violence addresses radicalization and de-radicalization, seeking to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the processes, dynamics, and mechanisms involved and taking an interdisciplinary approach to overcome the fragmentation into separate disciplines and focus areas. Contributions by Pénélope Larzillière, Felix Heiduk, Bill Kissane, Hank Johnston, Christian Davenport and Cyanne Loyle, Veronique Dudouet, and Lasse Lindekilde address repressive settings, legitimacy, institutional aspects, organizational outcomes, and dynamics in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America.

The study of radicalization and de-radicalization, understood as processes leading towards the increased or decreased use of political violence, is central to the question of how political violence emerges, how it can be prevented, and how it can be contained. The focus section of this issue of the International Journal of Conflict and Violence addresses radicalization and de-radicalization, seeking to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the processes, dynamics, and mechanisms involved and taking an interdisciplinary approach to overcome the fragmentation into separate disciplines and focus areas. Contributions by Penelope Larzilliere, Felix Heiduk, Bill Kissane, Hank Johnston, Christian Davenport and Cyanne Loyle, Veronique Dudouet, and Lasse Lindekilde address repressive settings, legitimacy, institutional aspects, organizational outcomes, and dynamics in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America. Adapted from the source document.

The study of radicalization and de-radicalization, understood as processes leading towards the increased or decreased use of political violence, is central to the question of how political violence emerges, how it can be prevented, and how it can be contained. The focus section of this issue of the International Journal of Conflict and Violence addresses radicalization and de-radicalization, seeking to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the processes, dynamics, and mechanisms involved and taking an interdisciplinary approach to overcome the fragmentation into separate disciplines and focus areas. Contributions by Penelope Larzilliere, Felix Heiduk, Bill Kissane, Hank Johnston, Christian Davenport and Cyanne Loyle, Veronique Dudouet, and Lasse Lindekilde address repressive settings, legitimacy, institutional aspects, organizational outcomes, and dynamics in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America. Adapted from the source document.

This article reviews the relationship between people's perceptions of unfairness and their tendencies to think, feel, and act in radicalizing ways. Various theories of radicalization processes are reviewed that examine key aspects of the psychology of perceived unfairness. The review shows that experienced group deprivation and perceived immorality are among the core judgments that can drive Muslim radicalization, right-wing radicalization, and leftwing radicalization. Symbols of injustice, the legitimization of revolutionary thought, and the experience of unfair treatment can also increase radicalization. The review also examines core moderators (e.g., uncertainty and insufficient self-correction) and mediators (e.g., externally oriented emotions) of the linkage between perceived unfairness and core components of radicalization (e.g., rigidity of thoughts, hot-cognitive defense of cultural worldviews, and violent rejection of democratic principles and the rule of law). The review discusses how the study of unfairness and radicalization contributes to a robust and meaningful science of psychology.

The paper focuses on women and radicalization within the context of Muslim societies (majority, minority, and half Muslim) societies and groups, mainly in Asia and Africa. The basic argument advanced in this paper is that Islamic feminism with its gender-egalitarian discourse and practices has a major role to play in the empowerment of Muslim women—and of men and society as a whole—and should be brought to bear in devising policy, strategy, and tools.

Successful radicalization posits three outcomes: extremism, terrorism or both. As these are undesirable, radicalization is understood as wholly malevolent and governments work to prevent and/or stop it. Nonetheless, a handful of scholars have recognized that the same radicalization process which results in either outcome may, theoretically at least, also have beneficial outcomes such as environmental awareness or human rights. This article explores one such outcome. Based on interviews with British Muslim aid workers (n=6) operating in Jihadist conflict zones post Arab spring and using constructivist grounded theory, it illustrates how the research participants radicalized to humanitarianism which resulted in them assisting the most plighted of Muslims by deploying to the most wanton of areas: ones commonly referred to as Jihadist conflict zones. Evidently, these destinations are shared with Jihadists and given the array of other observable similarities (socio-demographics and [pre-]mobilization behaviours), these morally opposed groups become conflated by the security services. This is further compounded by the fact that Jihadists manipulate and/or impersonate aid workers so as to funnel people and funds. To distinguish both, this article documents the benevolent pathway of the research participants and juxtaposes it to scholarly knowledge on Jihadist pathways. Socialization was revealed to be the key distinguishing feature rather than descriptive risk factors (such as ideology or moral outrage) because the process of radicalization was not found to be the start of the radicalized pathway. It concludes that benevolently radicalized Islamic groups constitute an effective means of pathway divergence for particular typologies by offering an attractive and prosocial alternative to Jihadism. This strengths-based preventative approach ("what's right") takes the form of a community-centric market competitor to Jihadism rather than a problem-based approach ("what's wrong") which only targets those at risk, but inadvertently tars the whole community in the process.

Introduction -- What is radicalization? -- Describing the elephant when you are blind : methods to study radicalization -- The stages of radicalization -- Wanted : radical : about profiles, populations, and personalities -- Psychological aspects of radical groups -- The last straw : trigger factors in the radicalization process -- Resilience against radicalization and deradicalization -- EXIT! The psychology of deradicalization and disengagement -- Eight lessons for dealing with radicalization.

This article assesses to what extent it can be argued that the Internet has an influence on the radicalization of youth. Although it is commonly assumed that the Internet facilitates exposure to different perspectives, it is also thought to produce homogeneous "echo rooms" in which participants sharing a particular political or civic viewpoint have a greater chance of becoming radicalized. Because participants in homogeneous groups share similar perspectives, opposing views are not expressed and the available arguments are one-sided. On the other hand, the Internet is thought to offer opportunities for adolescents to experiment with identities, which is considered to be important for achieving a mature identity. It is however questionable to what extent the Internet enables youth to experimentally embrace different views, when considering the existence of "echo rooms". This article also discusses the role of parents in this process. Youth are vulnerable, but also have greater experience with the Internet, which makes it difficult for parents to regulate their children's online behavior. This review emphasizes the need to promote digital literacy among youth, in order to both protect them, and to enable them to benefit from the Internet.