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RESUME: A la fin des années 1920, lorsque le Comintern lance la "troisième période" et promeut la littérature prolétarienne comme arme dans le combat contre la bourgeoisie, le Parti communiste américain s'aligne sur ses directives. Néanmoins, la définition de la littérature prolétarienne donne lieu à de nombreux débats et controverses dans les revues de gauche (New Masses, Partisan Review,…) et les romans produits sous sa bannière sont souvent accusés de n'être pas assez vrais, de ne pas donner à voir le sort véritable des travailleurs. La littérature prolétarienne est ainsi en partie un produit de la critique et, après les années 1930, elle en fut souvent la victime. Les New Critics considéraient que les romans prolétariens – ou même simplement radicaux – n'étaient guère plus que des documents historiques, et ne leur accordèrent jamais de véritable valeur littéraire. Les bouleversements politiques des années 1960 et 1970, l'émergence de nouvelles disciplines universitaires (autour du genre, de la race et de la classe) permirent aux romans prolétariens de sortir de l'oubli. Ils furent analysés, parfois réédités, car ils semblaient offrir un modèle alternatif au récit politique américai majoritaire. Mais une fois encore, les analyses se concentraient principalement sur ce que ces oeuvres disaient d'une période ou d'un groupe particulier (les femmes, les Noirs, les communistes,…). Depuis le début des années 2000, cependant, de plus en plus de chercheurs ont cherché à saisir les romans prolétariens dans leur dimension narrative, pour tenter de cerner ces objets littéraires non identifiés. ABSTRACT: At the end of the 1920s, when the Comintern launched its "third period" by promoting the rise of proletarian literature everywhere, the American Communist Party followed suit. Many debates and controversies on the definition of proletarian literature took place in radical journals (New Masses, Partisan Review,…); the novels themselves were often accused of not being "authentic" enough, of not revealing the true plight of the working class. The proletarian novel was therefore, in part, the product of theory, and after the 1930s, it was often its victim. The New Critics considered proletarian, or even radical novels to be little more than historical documents, and never deemed them worthy of literary consideration; with the political upheavals of the 1960s and 1970s and the rise of new academic trends (feminist studies, African-American studies, radical studies…), proletarian novels were exhumed from the drawers of history, sometimes republished, and analyzed, since they seemed to offer a counter-model to the American political narrative. But once again, the focus was, more often than not, on what these works said about a given period or a given group (women, Blacks, communists…) rather than on what they were as literary productions. Over the past fifteen years, however, more and more scholars have reclaimed proletarian novels as novels, trying to come to terms with these unidentified literary objects.

Almost a decade has passed since the outbreak of the economic crisis; from its original nucleus, its effects have quickly affected the social and geopolitical fields. Such wide impact and its complex implications make the crisis an object susceptible of multiple readings. The particular aim of the studies collected in this volume is to explore the impact of the crisis on law, culture and society, in order to test the depth of the problem, by comparing the analytical perspectives obtainable from legal and human sciences. The book focuses on three main issues: the crisis as a social object, in order to consider the crisis in terms of its attributing force; the problem of democracy, which is becoming an increasingly central question now, as the changes imposed by the crisis have begun to settle down; the interdisciplinary challenge that, in time of crisis, questions paradigms of knowledge, competences and methods, in order to enable an heuristic dialogue between human, social and legal sciences. ; Introduction / Massimo Meccarelli (pp. 9-12). -- The Crisis as a Social Object : -- Narrating the Crisis: Fictions of Finance in Contemporary British Novels / Silvana Colella (pp. 15-37). -- Social Rights in Crisis: Any Role for the Court of Justice of the EU? / Francesco Costamagna (pp. 39-64). -- Ripensare la nazione ottocentesca. Vecchi e nuovi paradigmi tra storia, diritto e globalità / Eliana Augusti (pp. 65-97). -- Ma cos'è questa crisi? / Carla Canullo (pp. 99-113). -- The Problem of Democracy : -- Defending Collective Sociality: The Oresteia at Shakespeare's Globe / Louise Owen (pp. 117-131). -- Representation of the Crisis vs Representative Democracy in Italy / Roberta Calvano (pp. 133-148). -- The Unbearable Lightness of the Freedom of Movement: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Brexit and Inmigration / Lucia Barbone, Erik Longo (pp.149-174). -- Représentation, perception de la crise et modification de la «sécurité sociale». Entre prédiction et anticipation, que signifie agir das un monde incertain? / Jean-Philipe Pierron (pp. 175-188). -- The Interdisciplinary Challenge : -- Intercultural Categories of Thought in Times of Crisis: The Challenge of Inter/Multi-discipinary Research / Flavia Stara (pp. 191-198). -- An Interdisciplinary Approach to International Law? Some Cursory Remarks / Paolo Palchetti (pp. 199-208). -- Rights in Times of Crisis: An Interdisciplinary Issue for Legal Studies / Massimo Meccarelli (pp. 209-219). -- Contributors (pp. 221-224).

The magazine stopped appearing since National audience Ma presentation has no other claim than to participate in the debate on the concept of literary francophony, starting with a reminder of how the concept was produced by critical speeches, and then referring to current research on the issue and raising some questions. To this end, and because such a discussion is necessarily based on the work in progress in the various research structures, I will draw on the analyses currently being carried out by the international teams working on this concept of literary francophonia, in particular in the books of the African Literary Studies of the A.P.E.L.A (Association pour l'Etude des Litteratures Africaines) or in the magazine Notre Library. For example, in a recent issue (December 2005-February 2006) of Notre Library devoted to literary criticism, many of the proposals are emerging, including that of Romuald Fonkoua, who in his editorial explores strategies for analysing critical narratives on southern literatures, and proposes to proceed in three stages: "To trace the story of criticism, question the words of its exercise, and the scientific and political issues" (Fonkoua, Notre Library, No 160: 4) ; La revue a cessé de paraître depuis National audience Ma présentation n'a nulle autre prétention que celle de participer au débat sur la notion de francophonie littéraire, en commençant par rappeler comment le concept a été fabriqué par les discours critiques, pour faire état ensuite des recherches actuelles sur la question et soulever quelques interrogations. A cette fin, et parce qu'une réflexion de ce type se fonde nécessairement sur les travaux en cours dans les différentes structures de recherche, je m'appuierai sur les analyses actuellement menées par les équipes internationales qui travaillent sur cette notion de francophonie littéraire, notamment dans les cahiers des Etudes littéraires africaines de l'A.P.E.L.A (Association pour l'Etude des Littératures Africaines) ou au sein de la revue Notre Librairie. Ainsi, ...