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Abstract
The paper explores possibilities of a more intensive use of comparative literature within literary education in which the adoration of national literature prevails together with the abstraction of the concept of world literature. This means putting more emphasis on area and comparative approaches. Emphasising comparative literature may bring in a search and respect for otherness, since it is not connected to any national language and literature, to any concrete tradition and culture, but refers to their variability, with the aim of explaining the contact with the other, which can be close as well as different. More effort should be put especially on the attempt to point to the interconnectedness and mutual influencing. The so-called educational, didactically applied comparatistics is a field of comparative literary studies aimed at overcoming binary, ethnolinguistic opposition of "the national" and "the worldly" in education, and, as far as literary education is concerned, it could become a new methodological stimulus. As a methodological basis of this educational comparative studies is being used the hermeneutic understanding of otherness, though not the interculturally remote one, but a close otherness which exists, for example, in the intertextuality of a particular work emerging within the framework of the "neighbourhood" of common Central European area. What is meant here is, first of all, the so-called innovated imagology, concentrated on the interpretation of images by means of which verbal text renders foreign countries and nations. The overall meaning of imagological impulses can also be seen on the weakening of the opposition of the traditional categories of "national" and "world", as well as in the overcoming of the ideas of some cultures being more developed at the expense of other ones. Applying the area and comparative approach, educational comparative studies may facilitate the dialogue of literature as art also with other spheres, and have integrating as well as didactic function, or develop the feeling of mutuality and the ability to "compare", not only in linguistic and ethnic circumstances, but in the value-contextual ones as well.

This multidisciplinary dissertation explores theories of vocality in modern and early modern sources and examines the status of voice as a nexus of lyrical expression, affect, and embodiment in Renaissance poetry, drama, and music. Renaissance writers were keenly aware of the power of the human voice: its persuasiveness, its capacity to move the affections, its uniqueness to the body from which it emanates. Yet modern philosophy and critical theory, fields that substantially inform Renaissance studies today, generally use the term "voice" as a metaphor that points to psychoanalytical, political, and structural questions. I argue that if we take voice to be only a metaphor, we overlook both its obvious bodily properties and the importance of oral culture and performance in Renaissance literary production; at the same time, if we consider only the faculty of vocalization, we miss the philosophical and poetic resonances of voice. In charting a genealogy of both embodied and literary voices in sixteenth-century literature, my project restores an often-overlooked dimension of vocality to considerations of early modern texts and their relation to bodies, gender, and power. Following a theoretical introductory chapter, each subsequent chapter presents case studies of vocal archetypes from ancient myth and their afterlives in Renaissance literature and culture: the Sibyl, Philomela, Orpheus, and Echo. These figures of voice were present in the humanist consciousness, articulating the tenacious, often enigmatic relation of voice to body, affect, gender, and subjectivity that seems to have been so crucial to Renaissance theories of meaning. In these studies I draw upon literary and musicological scholarship, critical theory and philosophy, and performance histories and practices; my primary texts include sixteenth- and early-seventeenth-century literature in Italian, English, and French, in conversation with their ancient Latin and Greek sources. In tracing a more theoretically grounded relation between embodied and figurative voices, my study expands our understanding of early modern literature, music, and performance practices, and connects our contemporary culture's attentiveness to voice to some of its most important historical roots.

Abstract
Colombia is a South American nation that has captured the imagination of the world. It is a land of beautiful colonial cities and towns, famous for coffee production, rich emerald mines, and the literature of José Asunción Silva and Gabriel García Márquez. Colombia's beauty and rich literary history, however, are often overshadowed by the memory of Pablo Escobar, a notorious drug lord, and numerous deadly guerilla groups. Their roles in the international drug trade made Colombia the top producer and exporter of cocaine, which resulted in terrorism and violence that left the country one of the world's most dangerous.1 In this article, I will explore how violence in Colombia has perpetuated the theme of hopelessness in the nation's literature beginning in the mid-twentieth century. I will show this in three parts. Firstly, I will trace the history of violence in Colombia through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and show that a literary genre of violence was absent in the nation until 1946, when the period known as "la Violencia" commenced. Secondly, I will explore how hopelessness resulted from violence in Colombia beginning in the period of "la Violencia." Thirdly, I will show how violence is depicted as an evil that traps the protagonists of the contemporary Colombian novels La Virgen de Los Sicarios and Satanás in a state of hopelessness due to their powerlessness to truly change themselves because of the frustrated society in which they live.

Soldier, courtier, author, entertainer, and amateur spy, Thomas Churchyard (c.1529-1604) saw action in most of the principal Tudor theatres of war, was a servant to five monarchs, and had a literary career spanning over half a century during which time he produced over fifty different works in a variety of forms and genres. Churchyard's struggles to subsist as an author and soldier provides an unrivalled opportunity to examine the self-promotional strategies employed by an individual who attempts to make a living from both writing and fighting, and who experiments throughout his life with ways in which the arts of the pen and sword may be reconciled and aligned. Drawing on extensive archival and literary sources, Matthew Woodcock reconstructs the extraordinary life of a figure well-known yet long neglected in early modern literary studies. In the first ever book-length biography of Churchyard, Woodcock reveals the author to be a resourceful and innovative writer whose long literary career plays an important part in the history of professional authorship in sixteenth-century England. This book also situates Churchyard alongside contemporary soldier-authors such as Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, George Gascoigne, and Sir Philip Sidney, and it makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the relationship between literature and the military in the early modern period. Churchyard's writings drew heavily upon his own experiences at court and in the wars and the author never tired of drawing attention to the struggles he endured throughout his life. Consequently, this study addresses the wider methodological question of how we should construct the biography of an individual who was consistently preoccupied with telling his own story.

Few moments in history are so intensely associated with widespread drug use as the 1960s in the United States. The American counterculture scene is unimaginable without its defining attitudes towards and sustained practice of smoking marijuana and "dropping acid," i.e. taking LSD (other drugs were used but none became as foundational to the counterculture lifestyle and ethos as these two). Yet, regrettably, these psychedelic experiences produced relatively little memorable literature as much of the creative energy of the drug movement went into the visual arts, music, guerrilla theater and experimental performance art. Although the Beats (Ginsberg, Kerouac, Burroughs) engaged with drug use in their literary work of the 1950s, they referred mainly to heroine, marijuana and amphetamines. In the 1960s, the few authors of what we could call a literature of psychedelic experience are Hunter S. Thompson, Ken Kesey, Tom Woolf (writing about Ken Kesey), and the anthropologist (and possibly hoaxer) Carlos Castaneda (writing of peyote). Yet there is another writer who has produced a rich and sustained literary archive of West Coast counterculture and its fascination with psychedelia. Maxine Hong Kingston has been read and studied since the mis-1970s as a foundational figure of Chinese American literature and studies, and a key author of American women's literary autobiography, but she has never been read as a literary hippie or major voice of the 1960s counterculture. This essay aims to challenge that oversight, showing how Kingston's novels constitute a profound and extensive account of psychedelic experience as it was lived and understood in the Bay Area of the 1960s.

Urban diversity has become de rigueur as a discursive line in contemporary contributions to urban development. However, the fact that this interplay of identities also influences social space has so far been overlooked. `As one calls into the forest, so it will resound' - this familiar German saying proves to be an unreliable maxim: that which townsfolk might call into `their' neighborhood only echoes back off its façades in a fragmentary fashion, as a wish, idealization or hope. Andreas Thiesen sketches out concepts of reflexive urban development, reveals errors in planning and renegotiates the `problem of participation', which even today is yet to be resolved.

Es sei "nicht ohne Pikanterie", als Deutsche über den polnischen Nationalismus zu schreiben, bemerkt Stephanie Zloch in ihrer Monografie "Polnischer Nationalismus. Politik und Gesellschaft zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen" (Köln-Weimar-Wien 2010: 5). Die Schweizerin Isabelle Vonlanthen wiederum stellte in einem Radiointerview vom März 2013 fest, ihr würde es leichter fallen zu diesem Thema zu forschen, da sie aus ihrer Außenposition heraus weniger auf historische Empfindlichkeiten achten müsse. In ihrer Studie "Dichten für das Vaterland" analysiert sie national engagierte Lyrik und Publizistik in Polen zwischen 1926 und 1939. Die als Dissertation an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Freiburg bei Rolf Fieguth angefertigte Arbeit wurde durch ein dreijähriges Stipendium am Institut für Literaturforschung in Warschau gefördert.

Although much has been written about the Soviet and other partisan movements in their struggle with occupation authorities in the territory of the Soviet Union seized by Axis forces during World War II, precise few studies have addressed how the Germans and their allies dealt with partisan movements. This article exploits archival records and the press of the period to examine just how the Nazi attempted to employ journalism and other propagandistic tools to undermine and defeat the partisans. Adapted from the source document.

Die beiden Aufsätze beschäftigen sich mit dem in Afrika Spectrum 2003/1 erschienenem Aufsatz von U. Engel und einem Beitrag von R. Tetzlaff in epd-Entwicklungspolitik 2002/3. Ausgehend von deren kritischen Anmerkungen plädieren sie für eine weniger eurozentristische Sichtweise und verstärkte interdisziplinäre Kooperation. Reh fordert, angesichts der drohenden Marginalisierung Afrikas weniger zu streiten und eher gemeinsam für den Erhalt und Ausbau der Afrikaforschung zu kämpfen. (DÜI-Wgm)

Dieser Band porträtiert Künstler und Wissenschaftler aus Deutschland und Frankreich, in deren Arbeiten intermediale Praktiken im Zentrum stehen.Die Beispiele praktizierter Intermedialität werden dabei nicht über kultur-, medien- oder literaturwissenschaftliche Theorien, sondern über die konkrete Praxis in den Blick genommen. Die Porträts von Malern, Schriftstellern, Musikern, Regisseuren, Wissenschaftlern etc. bieten ein Panorama, das die unterschiedlichen Formen praktizierter Intermedialität als konkrete mediale Praxis und als Ausdruck bestimmter theoretischer, poetologischer oder epistemischer Annahmen anschaulich aufzeigt.

The Presidential Elections that took place from March 9 to 11, 2002 in Zimbabwe provoked enormous internal and international controversies. The impact of the politically contested continued presidency of Robert Mugabe, head of state and leader of the government under ZANU-PF since Zimbabwe's Independence in 1980, for the country, the region and the continent might be far reaching. The consequences are not yet fully apparent, but the current debates also centre around the case of Zimbabwe as a litmus test for the notion of "good governance" and democracy as perceived and acknowledged by other African leaders especially in the context of the "New Partnership for Africa's Development" (NEPAD). The contributions to this Discussion Paper offer critical and political comments from scholars mainly in or from the Southern African region, who have been closely involved with regional and Zimbabwean issues. ; CONTENTS -- Dealing with Despotism: The People and the Presidents/Kenneth Good -- The Rebels Within: Urban Zimbabwe in the Post-Election Period/Amin Y. Kamete -- Climbing out from the Rubble/Brian Raftopoulos -- Observing the Observers/Tandeka C. Nkiwane -- Zimbabwe and "The Pitfalls of National Consciousness"/Henning Melber -- Zimbabwe's Debacle, Africa's Response and the Implications for the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)/Ian Taylor -- Beyond the Zimbabwean Mist: Challenges and Prospects for Democracy in Africa/Patrick Molutsi -- Zimbabwe after the Elections: A German View/Stefan Mair

Zusammenfassung: "The book contains the proceedings of the conference 'A Clearing of the German Forest: Mysticism, Idealism and Romanticism' ("Eine Lichtung des deutschen Waldes: Mystik, Idealismus und Romantik") (May, 19-21, 2016, Dominican Convent, Erfurt), including contributions by some of the most important representatives in this field (Jens Halfwassen, Theo Kobusch, Johann Kreuzer, José, Sánchez de Murillo, Glenn A. Magee, Markus Vinzent, Rudolf K. Weigand, Christian Danz, Markus Enders, et al.). The volume presents articles concerning the relationship of Fichte, Hegel, Hölderlin and Schelling with the most characteristic German mystics. The conference was organized in the context of the research project "A Historical, Philological and Systematic Study on Mystical Reason and its Reception in Schelling's Works," funded by the German Research Foundation. Der Band enthält die Akten der vom 19. bis 21. Mai im Kapitelsaal des Predigerklosters in Erfurt organisierten internationalen interdisziplinären Tagung "Eine Lichtung des deutschen Waldes: Mystik, Idealismus und Romantik", mit Beiträgen von einigen der wichtigsten Forscher in diesem Gebiet (Jens Halfwassen, Theo Kobusch, Johann Kreuzer, José Sánchez de Murillo, Glenn A. Magee, Markus Vinzent, Rudolf K. Weigand, Christian Danz, Markus Enders, usw.). Gesammelt werden in diesem Band die das Verhältnis von Fichte, Hegel, Hölderlin und Schelling zu den zentralen Autoren der deutschen Mystik betreffenden Aufsätze. Die Tagung fand im Kontext des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft finanzierten Projekts 'Der ewige Begriff des Individuums': Eine historisch-philologische-systematische Untersuchung der mystischen Vernunft und deren Rezeption im Werk Schellings " statt"--(Provided by publisher.)

Die Rede von der "reinen" und "freien" Wissenschaft hatte in der deutschen Nachkriegszeit vielfach die Funktion, die Teilhabe dieser Wissenschaft an den Schuld- und Gewaltzusammenhänge nationalsozialistischer Politik unkenntlich zu machen. Das Wissenschaftsideal war in diesem Sinne ein Teil des Schweigens danach. Daran anknüpfend zeigt Elvira Scheich, dass das gesellschaftliche Wissenschaftsverständnis mit der deutschen Geschichte und deutscher Erinnerungspolitik in mehrfacher Weise verknüpft ist. Ihre Studie geht der Fragestellung nach, mit welchen verschiedenen Bedeutungen die Wissenschaft im Gedächtnis der Nachkriegsgesellschaft der BRD aufgeladen wurde und wie diese miteinander im Verhältnis stehen. Das Schlüsselmoment ist dabei die Rolle deutscher Wissenschaftler in der Anti-Atomwaffenbewegung der 1950er Jahre, in der die Wissenschaft zur moralisch integren Instanz avancierte. Als Material wurden zwei Zeitschriften zum einen die Physikalischen Blätter und zum anderen Frau und Frieden analysiert, die in der Debatte über nukleare Waffen zentrale Beiträge lieferten. Der Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit ist ein Ereignis, das im Zwischenraum von Wissenschaft, Politik und Öffentlichkeit stattfand. Es handelt sich um die sogenannte "Göttinger Erklärung", in der 18 führende deutsche Wissenschaftler den Bau und die Benutzung von Atomwaffen öffentlichkeitswirksam ablehnten. Der Hintergrund dieses Ereignisses war eine weltweit alarmierte Wahrnehmung der besonderen Bedrohungen, die von Radioaktivität ausgehen, und die Debatte um die Stationierung atomarer Waffen in der BRD. Die darauf bezugnehmende Massenbewegung "Kampf dem Atomtod" in den Jahren 1957 und 1958 bildet den erweiterten Kontext der Untersuchung. Im öffentlichen Diskurs jener Zeit avancierte Wissenschaft zu einem Ersatz für Politik, deren Motive generell moralisch zweifelhaft erschienen. Aber erst mit der Wendung der Auseinandersetzung um Atomwaffen zu einer Gewissensfrage, die eine absolute und vom konkreten politischen Kontext unabhängige Geltung beansprucht, ...

Mit diesem Forschungsbericht soll anhand einer Teilpopulation der "Studenten-Intervallstudie Leistung" (SIL) überwiegend Studenten, die 1986 ein vierjähriges Hochschulstudium abgeschlossen haben, über wesentliche Entwicklungsprozesse informiert werden. Insgesamt wurden 568 Studenten von 7 Universitäten und Hochschulen befragt. Die Autoren stellen Entwicklungstendenzen und Probleme heraus. Von besonderem Interesse ist das "wissenschaftlich-produktive Studium". Es geht u.a. um die Durchführung von Praktika und die Realisierung der Diplomarbeit. Weiterhin wird das Hochschullehrkräfte-Studenten-Verhältnis im letzten Studienjahr untersucht. (psz)