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In: Evaluation review: a journal of applied social research, Band 5, Heft 6, S. 810-821
ISSN: 0193-841X, 0164-0259
In: Evaluation review: a journal of applied social research, Band 5, Heft 6, S. 810-821
ISSN: 1552-3926
This article describes a generalization to a model of recidivism proposed earlier by Maltz and McCleary (1977). This modification allows the model to better fit data on recidivism that the earlier authors presented. The mathematical and logical derivation of the new model are presented as are two methods of parameter estimation. The efficacy of the model is demonstrated on Taylor's (1971) data set and is compared with earlier efforts. It is found that the old model's fit is more than 16 times worse than that ofthe new model.
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Band 664, Heft 1, S. 176-195
ISSN: 1552-3349
California's 2011 Public Safety Realignment created an unprecedented policy experiment by transferring the authority over lower-level felony offenders from the state correctional system to fifty-eight county jail and probation systems. While centered in California, these changes are reflective of an ongoing national conversation about the appropriate level of government at which to focus crime control efforts. In this article, we first situate Realignment in criminological and sociolegal literatures, showing how the reform offers opportunities to further inquiry as to the effectiveness of a wide variety of correctional strategies, implementation, and local variation in correctional law and policy. We then review early research focused on the statewide effect of Realignment on recidivism, which has produced mixed findings depending on the measure of recidivism applied. We then examine variation in recidivism outcomes across county sites and present findings that indicate there is an important relationship between local Realignment implementation strategies and recidivism outcomes. Throughout, we focus on two overarching themes. The first is the challenge of disentangling the roles of offender behavior from justice system response in meaningfully interpreting changes in recidivism outcomes. The second is the challenge of evaluating the effects of policy or practice changes under limited data. Although the need for better and more expansive data is a common theme, we highlight it here in the context of a larger data collection that we have under way.
India's written constitution, which is the world's longest, demonstrates how a democratic society in the Republic of India takes every effort to preserve its citizens' rights. If not the greatest, the provisions have at least given strive to ensure that their nationals' rights are safeguarded and not infringed, so that all inhabitants of the country live with the dignity that they deserve. In this pursuit, a lot of wrongdoers have been incarcerated for the crimes they committed. Often, when the criminals get punished for their actions, the society at large, view these convicts as a negative element and this perception, in a lot of cases, stay forever; thus, affirming a mindset of being perceived as a criminal their entire life. This leaves a very narrow scope for small-time prisoners to get back to the real world and be able to function in a society as a normal citizens after serving their time. As a result, these ex-convicts turn back to crime to conduct their daily livelihood. It is just one of the reasons why recidivism takes place. Which brings us to the question – What is recidivism?
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With the rise in the use of prisons, recidivism also grew. Recidivism, in the broadest sense, is the act of a past offender coming back into contact with the justice system. Prisons have been used as far back as the fourth century, but over time their purpose has changed. Today in the United States, the main purpose of prisons is rehabilitation. The most recent law, the First Steps Act, reflects the desire to reduce the trend of recidivism. Many programs have been used as a method of reducing recidivism. Recidivism is a cycle of pain, creating jaded prisoners and placing them back in a society filled with people who doubt and fear them. They have to work around laws that hinder an easy return to the community. Recidivism leaves houses empty of fathers and mothers, which destroys families and increases the likelihood of juvenile offenders. It causes more people to face the pain and suffering of others' actions. Recidivism is not declining because no one is cooperating. The lack of cooperation is shown by varying definitions, incomparable studies, and only partial participation. There is also a lack of effective action by the United States government. The problem of recidivism in the United States will only improve when people care not only about themselves but also others. It is better for citizens if recidivism is reduced. A reduction in recidivism would be safer and provide a better use of the citizens' taxes. It is also necessary for citizens to have compassion and empathy for past offenders. If the citizens had compassion, then reducing recidivism would become a real possibility.
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In: Cambridge studies in criminology
This book addresses how and why criminal offenders repeat their actions after being released from prison. It is part of an attempt to explain criminal behavior within the context of a contemporary psychological understanding of behavior, rather than more traditional theories of crime. Over 300 serious male criminal offenders were interviewed and tested after they returned to prison for new crimes. The results indicate that their new offenses may be the result of something like a 'breakdown'. From this, it can be argued that we could monitor released prisoners to predict or even to prevent their return to crime. This report, written for a general audience, has some important implications for release supervision, rehabilitation programs, and the prediction of recidivism
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In: Journal of politics and law: JPL, Band 9, Heft 5, S. 59
ISSN: 1913-9055
"Imprisonment" is one the main penalties currently applied in all legal systems of the world. This penalty, as well as other penal institutions, has undergone many changes throughout history and has been evolved by several reforms to turn into its present form. However, imprisonment system has not moved towards its goals – which are "punishment", "intimidation" and "rehabilitation". Also it has adverse effects and serious damages for the society, including the impact of prison on recidivism.Serious attention to the problems arisen from prison is a critical and essential issue that requires cooperation and coordination of triple forces and community as well as the prisoners themselves. It is not a unilateral issue which involves the prisoner community at all, but its major victim is society where recidivism disturb the peace, order and security. Thus, the goal of all criminal systems in recent years was reducing the resort to this punishment and eliminate its adverse effects and also passing several rules, regulations and bylaws or holding numerous conferences and training workshops at national and international level. In order to achieve this purpose rules and providing different solutions are imposed.
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