Suchergebnisse

Recidivism has been debated as a public issue since the end of the 1990's. Criminal laws are enacted in order to contain this phenomenon. As of 2002 they start growing significantly repressive and ever more numerous. This criminal policy leads to major protestation among the legal, academic and intellectual worlds, as in the political opposition parties or among political figures disagreeing with the government though in the majority.Policies, laws and the debate or reactions they generate in the society hardly go without their mediatic side. Hence, we shall analyse some media to understand the meaning they give to the governments' legislative activity against criminal recidivism and what meaning these media give to the reactions this activity creates.This dissertation shows by which means the media of our corpus set both the issue of criminal recidivism and the way it is taken care of as a double-cycle. One cycle goes from a criminal re-offense in the back page news to a criminal law. The other goes from the policy about recidivism to its contesting. It also explains wherein media exposure – along which several players are involved - proceeds with this recurrence. This two-sided hypothesis points out two questions. First of all what is the meaning within this journalistic content and what does it tell about the evolution of our criminal justice ? Then, how is this meaning made ?Thus, this dissertation shall first observe the « media scene » delimited by the corpus, and then examine the mechanism of its co-production by journalists and the different players coping with criminal recidivism. ; Depuis la fin des années 1990, la question de la récidive criminelle est présente dans le débat public. Des lois pénales visant à endiguer ce phénomène judiciaire sont promulguées. À partir de 2002, elles deviennent significativement répressives et leur production s'accélère. Cette politique pénale engendre une contestation forte dans les milieux judiciaires, universitaires et intellectuels ainsi que dans les partis ...

Recidivism has been debated as a public issue since the end of the 1990's. Criminal laws are enacted in order to contain this phenomenon. As of 2002 they start growing significantly repressive and ever more numerous. This criminal policy leads to major protestation among the legal, academic and intellectual worlds, as in the political opposition parties or among political figures disagreeing with the government though in the majority.Policies, laws and the debate or reactions they generate in the society hardly go without their mediatic side. Hence, we shall analyse some media to understand the meaning they give to the governments' legislative activity against criminal recidivism and what meaning these media give to the reactions this activity creates.This dissertation shows by which means the media of our corpus set both the issue of criminal recidivism and the way it is taken care of as a double-cycle. One cycle goes from a criminal re-offense in the back page news to a criminal law. The other goes from the policy about recidivism to its contesting. It also explains wherein media exposure – along which several players are involved - proceeds with this recurrence. This two-sided hypothesis points out two questions. First of all what is the meaning within this journalistic content and what does it tell about the evolution of our criminal justice ? Then, how is this meaning made ?Thus, this dissertation shall first observe the « media scene » delimited by the corpus, and then examine the mechanism of its co-production by journalists and the different players coping with criminal recidivism. ; Depuis la fin des années 1990, la question de la récidive criminelle est présente dans le débat public. Des lois pénales visant à endiguer ce phénomène judiciaire sont promulguées. À partir de 2002, elles deviennent significativement répressives et leur production s'accélère. Cette politique pénale engendre une contestation forte dans les milieux judiciaires, universitaires et intellectuels ainsi que dans les partis ...

In my dissertation I study the life of Victor Lermenier, born in 1890 in Saint-Christophe-du-Jambet and died in 1926 in the penal colony of Guyana, the vision of society, of the scientific and judicial sphere on social evil. The era in which he lived was the Belle Époque, between 1870 and 1914, marked by prosperity and scientific progress. At this time, a hygienic moment emerges, one seeks to ward off diseases. In another level, the society is more human, criminology became a scientific field. This science wants to know how the human works, how the criminal works. From that moment on, there is a rupture, the object of criminal investigations and convictions is no longer based solely on the crime, but on the perpetrator of the crime, his past. It's also a period when the doctor, the alienist won legitimacy from the political spheres. This time sees exploding numbers of interned crazy men, 75 000 in 1914, and prisons are more and more empty, and crime rises. From 1880, justice no longer sought to moralize the criminal, but to defend society. How to make against the recidivist, against the criminal madmen, how to succeed in preventing danger. How to protect a society which became more and more criminal. Thus, my subject addresses a multitude of aspects of the life of a lunatic in the 19th and 20th centuries. Alienated, dangerous at the heart of an important process, namely social defence. I talk about the condition of the criminal, the vagrant in the 19th century, but also about life in the bagne, prisons, asylums, and corrections houses. While analyzing the tensions that exist between judges and doctors, the different laws (1885, 1913.), the insane and criminals, and in a more technical aspect, my master's degree deals with the issue of simulation, recidivism, and the responsibility of criminals. In short, it is about the delinquent and alienated society at the end of the 19th and 20th centuries that I draw a portrait based on Victor Lermenier, a dangerous alienated person between 1890 and 1926 and the answer ...

In my dissertation I study the life of Victor Lermenier, born in 1890 in Saint-Christophe-du-Jambet and died in 1926 in the penal colony of Guyana, the vision of society, of the scientific and judicial sphere on social evil. The era in which he lived was the Belle Époque, between 1870 and 1914, marked by prosperity and scientific progress. At this time, a hygienic moment emerges, one seeks to ward off diseases. In another level, the society is more human, criminology became a scientific field. This science wants to know how the human works, how the criminal works. From that moment on, there is a rupture, the object of criminal investigations and convictions is no longer based solely on the crime, but on the perpetrator of the crime, his past. It's also a period when the doctor, the alienist won legitimacy from the political spheres. This time sees exploding numbers of interned crazy men, 75 000 in 1914, and prisons are more and more empty, and crime rises. From 1880, justice no longer sought to moralize the criminal, but to defend society. How to make against the recidivist, against the criminal madmen, how to succeed in preventing danger. How to protect a society which became more and more criminal. Thus, my subject addresses a multitude of aspects of the life of a lunatic in the 19th and 20th centuries. Alienated, dangerous at the heart of an important process, namely social defence. I talk about the condition of the criminal, the vagrant in the 19th century, but also about life in the bagne, prisons, asylums, and corrections houses. While analyzing the tensions that exist between judges and doctors, the different laws (1885, 1913.), the insane and criminals, and in a more technical aspect, my master's degree deals with the issue of simulation, recidivism, and the responsibility of criminals. In short, it is about the delinquent and alienated society at the end of the 19th and 20th centuries that I draw a portrait based on Victor Lermenier, a dangerous alienated person between 1890 and 1926 and the answer ...

In my dissertation I study the life of Victor Lermenier, born in 1890 in Saint-Christophe-du-Jambet and died in 1926 in the penal colony of Guyana, the vision of society, of the scientific and judicial sphere on social evil. The era in which he lived was the Belle Époque, between 1870 and 1914, marked by prosperity and scientific progress. At this time, a hygienic moment emerges, one seeks to ward off diseases. In another level, the society is more human, criminology became a scientific field. This science wants to know how the human works, how the criminal works. From that moment on, there is a rupture, the object of criminal investigations and convictions is no longer based solely on the crime, but on the perpetrator of the crime, his past. It's also a period when the doctor, the alienist won legitimacy from the political spheres. This time sees exploding numbers of interned crazy men, 75 000 in 1914, and prisons are more and more empty, and crime rises. From 1880, justice no longer sought to moralize the criminal, but to defend society. How to make against the recidivist, against the criminal madmen, how to succeed in preventing danger. How to protect a society which became more and more criminal. Thus, my subject addresses a multitude of aspects of the life of a lunatic in the 19th and 20th centuries. Alienated, dangerous at the heart of an important process, namely social defence. I talk about the condition of the criminal, the vagrant in the 19th century, but also about life in the bagne, prisons, asylums, and corrections houses. While analyzing the tensions that exist between judges and doctors, the different laws (1885, 1913.), the insane and criminals, and in a more technical aspect, my master's degree deals with the issue of simulation, recidivism, and the responsibility of criminals. In short, it is about the delinquent and alienated society at the end of the 19th and 20th centuries that I draw a portrait based on Victor Lermenier, a dangerous alienated person between 1890 and 1926 and the answer ...

In my dissertation I study the life of Victor Lermenier, born in 1890 in Saint-Christophe-du-Jambet and died in 1926 in the penal colony of Guyana, the vision of society, of the scientific and judicial sphere on social evil. The era in which he lived was the Belle Époque, between 1870 and 1914, marked by prosperity and scientific progress. At this time, a hygienic moment emerges, one seeks to ward off diseases. In another level, the society is more human, criminology became a scientific field. This science wants to know how the human works, how the criminal works. From that moment on, there is a rupture, the object of criminal investigations and convictions is no longer based solely on the crime, but on the perpetrator of the crime, his past. It's also a period when the doctor, the alienist won legitimacy from the political spheres. This time sees exploding numbers of interned crazy men, 75 000 in 1914, and prisons are more and more empty, and crime rises. From 1880, justice no longer sought to moralize the criminal, but to defend society. How to make against the recidivist, against the criminal madmen, how to succeed in preventing danger. How to protect a society which became more and more criminal. Thus, my subject addresses a multitude of aspects of the life of a lunatic in the 19th and 20th centuries. Alienated, dangerous at the heart of an important process, namely social defence. I talk about the condition of the criminal, the vagrant in the 19th century, but also about life in the bagne, prisons, asylums, and corrections houses. While analyzing the tensions that exist between judges and doctors, the different laws (1885, 1913.), the insane and criminals, and in a more technical aspect, my master's degree deals with the issue of simulation, recidivism, and the responsibility of criminals. In short, it is about the delinquent and alienated society at the end of the 19th and 20th centuries that I draw a portrait based on Victor Lermenier, a dangerous alienated person between 1890 and 1926 and the answer ...

The 21st century marks a decisive turning point in the history of the law of the enforcement of sentences. The function of rehabilitating a convicted person has gradually become of paramount importance, only to be enshrined as a contemporary function of sentencing. In the face of the unanimous observation that the prison institution has failed to achieve the fundamental objectives of criminal policies to prevent recidivism and criminal overcrowding, the use of open-setting sentences has been constantly promoted by the legislator as a recourse. This type of sentence is considered to be the cornerstone of the offender's reintegration and therefore the mean to achieve less recidivism. Nonetheless, despite their undeniable potential in terms of the rehabilitation of the convicted person, it appears that they cannot achieve the objectives set out without an increased investment in the field of probation. However, the administrative body responsible for their implementation and monitoring has clearly insufficient human and material resources in this respect, leading to not completely fulfill the socio-educational requirements for these penalties. In addition, criminal policy makers should take into consideration the possibility to move away from the paradigm of confinement in order to ensure coherence and efficiency. Only under these conditions can the endemic phenomena of prison overcrowding and recidivism be effectively controlled. Will the French criminal justice system be able to make these profound and life altering changes ? ; Le XXI° siècle marque un tournant décisif dans l'histoire du droit de l'exécution des peines. La fonction de réinsertion du condamné y a progressivement pris une importance capitale, pour finalement être consacrée comme fonction contemporaine de la peine. Face au constat unanime d'échec de l'institution carcérale quant aux objectifs fondamentaux de politique pénale de prévention de la récidive et de surpopulation pénale, le recours aux peines de milieu ouvert n'a eu de cesse d'être promu ...

The 21st century marks a decisive turning point in the history of the law of the enforcement of sentences. The function of rehabilitating a convicted person has gradually become of paramount importance, only to be enshrined as a contemporary function of sentencing. In the face of the unanimous observation that the prison institution has failed to achieve the fundamental objectives of criminal policies to prevent recidivism and criminal overcrowding, the use of open-setting sentences has been constantly promoted by the legislator as a recourse. This type of sentence is considered to be the cornerstone of the offender's reintegration and therefore the mean to achieve less recidivism. Nonetheless, despite their undeniable potential in terms of the rehabilitation of the convicted person, it appears that they cannot achieve the objectives set out without an increased investment in the field of probation. However, the administrative body responsible for their implementation and monitoring has clearly insufficient human and material resources in this respect, leading to not completely fulfill the socio-educational requirements for these penalties. In addition, criminal policy makers should take into consideration the possibility to move away from the paradigm of confinement in order to ensure coherence and efficiency. Only under these conditions can the endemic phenomena of prison overcrowding and recidivism be effectively controlled. Will the French criminal justice system be able to make these profound and life altering changes ? ; Le XXI° siècle marque un tournant décisif dans l'histoire du droit de l'exécution des peines. La fonction de réinsertion du condamné y a progressivement pris une importance capitale, pour finalement être consacrée comme fonction contemporaine de la peine. Face au constat unanime d'échec de l'institution carcérale quant aux objectifs fondamentaux de politique pénale de prévention de la récidive et de surpopulation pénale, le recours aux peines de milieu ouvert n'a eu de cesse d'être promu ...

The 21st century marks a decisive turning point in the history of the law of the enforcement of sentences. The function of rehabilitating a convicted person has gradually become of paramount importance, only to be enshrined as a contemporary function of sentencing. In the face of the unanimous observation that the prison institution has failed to achieve the fundamental objectives of criminal policies to prevent recidivism and criminal overcrowding, the use of open-setting sentences has been constantly promoted by the legislator as a recourse. This type of sentence is considered to be the cornerstone of the offender's reintegration and therefore the mean to achieve less recidivism. Nonetheless, despite their undeniable potential in terms of the rehabilitation of the convicted person, it appears that they cannot achieve the objectives set out without an increased investment in the field of probation. However, the administrative body responsible for their implementation and monitoring has clearly insufficient human and material resources in this respect, leading to not completely fulfill the socio-educational requirements for these penalties. In addition, criminal policy makers should take into consideration the possibility to move away from the paradigm of confinement in order to ensure coherence and efficiency. Only under these conditions can the endemic phenomena of prison overcrowding and recidivism be effectively controlled. Will the French criminal justice system be able to make these profound and life altering changes ? ; Le XXI° siècle marque un tournant décisif dans l'histoire du droit de l'exécution des peines. La fonction de réinsertion du condamné y a progressivement pris une importance capitale, pour finalement être consacrée comme fonction contemporaine de la peine. Face au constat unanime d'échec de l'institution carcérale quant aux objectifs fondamentaux de politique pénale de prévention de la récidive et de surpopulation pénale, le recours aux peines de milieu ouvert n'a eu de cesse d'être promu ...

The Law of 25 February 2008 on detention of security, culminating in a change in the fight against recidivism, where danger and security measures tend to override the concepts of responsibility and punishment, does not, however, represent the implementation of a modern social defence policy. The breakdown, which is real in principle, rather refers to rhetoric that hardly conceals the difficulty of answering the question raised in terms of other than neutralisation. ; International audience ; The Law of 25 February 2008 on detention of security, culminating in a change in the fight against recidivism, where danger and security measures tend to override the concepts of responsibility and punishment, does not, however, represent the implementation of a modern social defence policy. The breakdown, which is real in principle, rather refers to rhetoric that hardly conceals the difficulty of answering the question raised in terms of other than neutralisation. ; La loi du 25 février 2008, relative à la rétention de sûreté, aboutissement dune évolution placée sous le signe de la lutte contre la récidive, où la dangerosité et les mesures de sûreté tendent à supplanter les notions de responsabilité et de peine, ne représente pas pour autant la mise en oeuvre d'une politique moderne de défense sociale. La rupture, réelle sur le plan des principes, renvoie plutôt à une rhétorique dissimulant mal la difficulté de répondre à la question soulevée en des termes autres que de neutralisation.

The phenomenon of recidivism and the solutions it generated reveal layouts and designs that may seem a paradox of the Republic (in view of an image vividly illustrated by the great laws of civil liberties), but Unveil is simply a facet, a salient feature of the Republic to the action. Recidivism raises questions about all aspects of criminal justice (law, prison system, police .) and social issues (poverty, vagrancy .). The Third Republic will inherit a phenomenon and a previous focus., But those are going to test the Republic, philosophically, politically, ideologically Faced with what is considered a social evil, the power will initiate practices, policies, records of action that will constitute its philosophy Important concepts and current will always emerge here and build a criminal justice policy and, more broadly, a policy of policing that are the backbone of the republican ideology. ; Le phénomène de la récidive , et les solutions qu'il a engendrées révèlent des agencements et des conceptions qui peuvent nous sembler un paradoxe de la république (au vu d'une image illustrée avec éclat par de grandes lois de libertés publiques), mais en fait dévoilent tout simplement une facette, un trait saillant de la République à l'action. La récidive conduit à s'interroger sur tous les aspects de la justice pénale (législation, système pénitentiaire, police. ) et de la question sociale (misère, vagabondage.). La Troisième République va hériter d'un phénomène et d'une réflexion antérieurs., mais ceux ci vont mettre à l'épreuve la République, philosophiquement, politiquement, idéologiquement Face à ce qui est considéré comme un fléau social,, le pouvoir va initier des pratiques, des politiques, des registres d'action qui deviendront constitutifs de sa philosophie Des notions importantes et toujours actuelles vont ici émerger et construire une politique pénale, et plus largement, une politique de maintien de l'ordre qui constituent l'armature de l'idéologie républicaine. Ce sont les enjeux forts autour de : ...