Suchergebnisse

This article focuses on the political, social and employment factors in Lithuania. Work and Family reconciliation policy has been promoted as a tool that different policy documents employ at any particular point in time. Social factors, like work and family reconciliation policies, in relation to gender equality were defined more in terms of level of labour market participation than anything else. In this article the differences and relationship between male and female at work and in the family and their impact on career among the employees based on employers' attitudes are described. These three factors are analysed in relation to opportunities of reconciliation of work and family obligations for young families with small children.

This article focuses on the political, social and employment factors in Lithuania. Work and Family reconciliation policy has been promoted as a tool that different policy documents employ at any particular point in time. Social factors, like work and family reconciliation policies, in relation to gender equality were defined more in terms of level of labour market participation than anything else. In this article the differences and relationship between male and female at work and in the family and their impact on career among the employees based on employers' attitudes are described. These three factors are analysed in relation to opportunities of reconciliation of work and family obligations for young families with small children.

This article focuses on the political, social and employment factors in Lithuania. Work and Family reconciliation policy has been promoted as a tool that different policy documents employ at any particular point in time. Social factors, like work and family reconciliation policies, in relation to gender equality were defined more in terms of level of labour market participation than anything else. In this article the differences and relationship between male and female at work and in the family and their impact on career among the employees based on employers' attitudes are described. These three factors are analysed in relation to opportunities of reconciliation of work and family obligations for young families with small children.

This study defines the concept of family-friendly policy, also analyzes the means of family-friendly policy and the practice of their implementation in Lithuania. Further more this work reveals the attitude of employers towards exertions of employees with children to reconciliation work and family. According Barnett (1999) theory of interaction model of work and private life this study verifies the hypothesis that employers want their employees leave their family problems out of work boundaries. Family-friendly policy is understood as those that facilitate a better work and family balance for individual employees. The implementation of means of family-friendly policy depends on legislative either the attitude and motivation of employers to build family-friendly workplace. Only the whole package of measures with great emphasis on gender equality can be an effective response to the conflict of work and family spheres. The quantitative data of author made survey shows fairly friendly attitude of employers towards family-friendly policy. Despite that, the qualitative results of the survey highlighting negative attitude of employers to in reconciliation of work and private lives of the employees. According to the finding it is worth to mention employers' belief that generally women are required of the family-friendly workplace. It verifies the patriarchal attitude of employers to the gender roles in the family.

This study defines the concept of family-friendly policy, also analyzes the means of family-friendly policy and the practice of their implementation in Lithuania. Further more this work reveals the attitude of employers towards exertions of employees with children to reconciliation work and family. According Barnett (1999) theory of interaction model of work and private life this study verifies the hypothesis that employers want their employees leave their family problems out of work boundaries. Family-friendly policy is understood as those that facilitate a better work and family balance for individual employees. The implementation of means of family-friendly policy depends on legislative either the attitude and motivation of employers to build family-friendly workplace. Only the whole package of measures with great emphasis on gender equality can be an effective response to the conflict of work and family spheres. The quantitative data of author made survey shows fairly friendly attitude of employers towards family-friendly policy. Despite that, the qualitative results of the survey highlighting negative attitude of employers to in reconciliation of work and private lives of the employees. According to the finding it is worth to mention employers' belief that generally women are required of the family-friendly workplace. It verifies the patriarchal attitude of employers to the gender roles in the family.

The article examines how reconciliation is perceived at the individual level. This particular case study analyses what types of reconciliation practices exist in Musha village and whether or not the inhabitants see it as effective ones. In an attempt to investigate the reconciliation definition from the local people's perspective and to observe their community-level experiences, ethnographic fieldwork in Rwanda has been conducted. This study reveals that locals understand reconciliation in the same way as the government authorities proclaim. Data gathered during this field trip indicate the significance of reconciliation as controlled by the national government. As a consequence, the people are not able, and at the same time, are not really concerned about rethinking reconciliation in other possible ways. Furthermore, this concludes the fact that the central authorities have become able to peacefully construct the narrative of forced reconciliation, while social exclusion in the country still robustly prevails.

The article examines how reconciliation is perceived at the individual level. This particular case study analyses what types of reconciliation practices exist in Musha village and whether or not the inhabitants see it as effective ones. In an attempt to investigate the reconciliation definition from the local people's perspective and to observe their community-level experiences, ethnographic fieldwork in Rwanda has been conducted. This study reveals that locals understand reconciliation in the same way as the government authorities proclaim. Data gathered during this field trip indicate the significance of reconciliation as controlled by the national government. As a consequence, the people are not able, and at the same time, are not really concerned about rethinking reconciliation in other possible ways. Furthermore, this concludes the fact that the central authorities have become able to peacefully construct the narrative of forced reconciliation, while social exclusion in the country still robustly prevails.

The article examines how reconciliation is perceived at the individual level. This particular case study analyses what types of reconciliation practices exist in Musha village and whether or not the inhabitants see it as effective ones. In an attempt to investigate the reconciliation definition from the local people's perspective and to observe their community-level experiences, ethnographic fieldwork in Rwanda has been conducted. This study reveals that locals understand reconciliation in the same way as the government authorities proclaim. Data gathered during this field trip indicate the significance of reconciliation as controlled by the national government. As a consequence, the people are not able, and at the same time, are not really concerned about rethinking reconciliation in other possible ways. Furthermore, this concludes the fact that the central authorities have become able to peacefully construct the narrative of forced reconciliation, while social exclusion in the country still robustly prevails.

The article examines how reconciliation is perceived at the individual level. This particular case study analyses what types of reconciliation practices exist in Musha village and whether or not the inhabitants see it as effective ones. In an attempt to investigate the reconciliation definition from the local people's perspective and to observe their community-level experiences, ethnographic fieldwork in Rwanda has been conducted. This study reveals that locals understand reconciliation in the same way as the government authorities proclaim. Data gathered during this field trip indicate the significance of reconciliation as controlled by the national government. As a consequence, the people are not able, and at the same time, are not really concerned about rethinking reconciliation in other possible ways. Furthermore, this concludes the fact that the central authorities have become able to peacefully construct the narrative of forced reconciliation, while social exclusion in the country still robustly prevails.

Dissertation aims to empirically test the theoretical hypotheses raised by the first wave of scholarship in the field of transitional justice about the supposed benefits of transitional justice institutions. It focuses on the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and attempts to trace the impact it may have had on societal reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The analysis starts with defining and operationalizing the concept of reconciliation and continues with conceptualization of hypothetical causal mechanisms that could explain ICTYs impact. The mechanisms are tested with data gathered during 3 consecutive fieldworks in BiH (69 semi-structured interviews, archival analysis, participant observation, international organizations' and city administration's reports, etc.). Finally, alternative causal explanations, such as the possibility of spontaneous reconciliation occurring out of natural need to move on and rebuild a war-torn society and the possibility of reconciliation occurring due to international pressure to democratize are considered and empirically tested. It is concluded that ICTY exerted its influence via two interdependent causal mechanisms of horizontal and vertical trust building. Several scope conditions are identified that help to generalize the research conclusions to other cases. By proving the existence of such causal mechanisms and refuting the alternative causal explanations, ICTYs impact is confirmed and proven to have been necessary for reconciliation to occur in BiH.

Dissertation aims to empirically test the theoretical hypotheses raised by the first wave of scholarship in the field of transitional justice about the supposed benefits of transitional justice institutions. It focuses on the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and attempts to trace the impact it may have had on societal reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The analysis starts with defining and operationalizing the concept of reconciliation and continues with conceptualization of hypothetical causal mechanisms that could explain ICTYs impact. The mechanisms are tested with data gathered during 3 consecutive fieldworks in BiH (69 semi-structured interviews, archival analysis, participant observation, international organizations' and city administration's reports, etc.). Finally, alternative causal explanations, such as the possibility of spontaneous reconciliation occurring out of natural need to move on and rebuild a war-torn society and the possibility of reconciliation occurring due to international pressure to democratize are considered and empirically tested. It is concluded that ICTY exerted its influence via two interdependent causal mechanisms of horizontal and vertical trust building. Several scope conditions are identified that help to generalize the research conclusions to other cases. By proving the existence of such causal mechanisms and refuting the alternative causal explanations, ICTYs impact is confirmed and proven to have been necessary for reconciliation to occur in BiH.

Dissertation aims to empirically test the theoretical hypotheses raised by the first wave of scholarship in the field of transitional justice about the supposed benefits of transitional justice institutions. It focuses on the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and attempts to trace the impact it may have had on societal reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The analysis starts with defining and operationalizing the concept of reconciliation and continues with conceptualization of hypothetical causal mechanisms that could explain ICTYs impact. The mechanisms are tested with data gathered during 3 consecutive fieldworks in BiH (69 semi-structured interviews, archival analysis, participant observation, international organizations' and city administration's reports, etc.). Finally, alternative causal explanations, such as the possibility of spontaneous reconciliation occurring out of natural need to move on and rebuild a war-torn society and the possibility of reconciliation occurring due to international pressure to democratize are considered and empirically tested. It is concluded that ICTY exerted its influence via two interdependent causal mechanisms of horizontal and vertical trust building. Several scope conditions are identified that help to generalize the research conclusions to other cases. By proving the existence of such causal mechanisms and refuting the alternative causal explanations, ICTYs impact is confirmed and proven to have been necessary for reconciliation to occur in BiH.

Dissertation aims to empirically test the theoretical hypotheses raised by the first wave of scholarship in the field of transitional justice about the supposed benefits of transitional justice institutions. It focuses on the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and attempts to trace the impact it may have had on societal reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The analysis starts with defining and operationalizing the concept of reconciliation and continues with conceptualization of hypothetical causal mechanisms that could explain ICTYs impact. The mechanisms are tested with data gathered during 3 consecutive fieldworks in BiH (69 semi-structured interviews, archival analysis, participant observation, international organizations' and city administration's reports, etc.). Finally, alternative causal explanations, such as the possibility of spontaneous reconciliation occurring out of natural need to move on and rebuild a war-torn society and the possibility of reconciliation occurring due to international pressure to democratize are considered and empirically tested. It is concluded that ICTY exerted its influence via two interdependent causal mechanisms of horizontal and vertical trust building. Several scope conditions are identified that help to generalize the research conclusions to other cases. By proving the existence of such causal mechanisms and refuting the alternative causal explanations, ICTYs impact is confirmed and proven to have been necessary for reconciliation to occur in BiH.

Dissertation aims to empirically test the theoretical hypotheses raised by the first wave of scholarship in the field of transitional justice about the supposed benefits of transitional justice institutions. It focuses on the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and attempts to trace the impact it may have had on societal reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The analysis starts with defining and operationalizing the concept of reconciliation and continues with conceptualization of hypothetical causal mechanisms that could explain ICTYs impact. The mechanisms are tested with data gathered during 3 consecutive fieldworks in BiH (69 semi-structured interviews, archival analysis, participant observation, international organizations' and city administration's reports, etc.). Finally, alternative causal explanations, such as the possibility of spontaneous reconciliation occurring out of natural need to move on and rebuild a war-torn society and the possibility of reconciliation occurring due to international pressure to democratize are considered and empirically tested. It is concluded that ICTY exerted its influence via two interdependent causal mechanisms of horizontal and vertical trust building. Several scope conditions are identified that help to generalize the research conclusions to other cases. By proving the existence of such causal mechanisms and refuting the alternative causal explanations, ICTYs impact is confirmed and proven to have been necessary for reconciliation to occur in BiH.

Dissertation aims to empirically test the theoretical hypotheses raised by the first wave of scholarship in the field of transitional justice about the supposed benefits of transitional justice institutions. It focuses on the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and attempts to trace the impact it may have had on societal reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The analysis starts with defining and operationalizing the concept of reconciliation and continues with conceptualization of hypothetical causal mechanisms that could explain ICTYs impact. The mechanisms are tested with data gathered during 3 consecutive fieldworks in BiH (69 semi-structured interviews, archival analysis, participant observation, international organizations' and city administration's reports, etc.). Finally, alternative causal explanations, such as the possibility of spontaneous reconciliation occurring out of natural need to move on and rebuild a war-torn society and the possibility of reconciliation occurring due to international pressure to democratize are considered and empirically tested. It is concluded that ICTY exerted its influence via two interdependent causal mechanisms of horizontal and vertical trust building. Several scope conditions are identified that help to generalize the research conclusions to other cases. By proving the existence of such causal mechanisms and refuting the alternative causal explanations, ICTYs impact is confirmed and proven to have been necessary for reconciliation to occur in BiH.