Suchergebnisse

"Nach der neoklassischen Arbeitsmarkttheorie bestimmte das Zusammenspiel der Wertgrenzproduktivität der Arbeit und des Lohnsatzes die regionale Beschäftigungssituation. Unterschiedliche regionale Arbeitslosenquoten leiten sich danach aus zwischen den Wirtschaftsräumen divergierenden Grenzproduktivitäten der Arbeit und Lohnsätzen, die diesen Unterschieden zu wenig Rechnung tragen, ab; die von den Tarifvertragsparteien betriebene Lohnpolitik ist zu undifferenziert. Eine solche Auffasung impliziert, daß dem Lohn Lenkungsfunktion für die räumliche Verteilung von Arbeitsplätzen zukommt. Der Autor geht in seinem Beitrag der Frage nach, welche Faktoren die regionale Lohnstruktur und ihre Veränderung bestimmen, und versucht anschließend, Anhaltspunkte dafür zu gewinnen, welche Wirkungen regionale Lohndifferenzierungen auf die regionale Entwicklung und die regionale Beschäftigung haben. Er kommt zu dem Ergebnis, daß zwischen Sektoren und Regionen durchaus erhebliche Lohnunterschiede bestehen, die aber die räumliche Arbeitsteilung nur sehr eingeschränkt bestimmen." (Autorenreferat)

"Nach der neoklassischen Arbeitsmarkttheorie bestimmte das Zusammenspiel der Wertgrenzproduktivität der Arbeit und des Lohnsatzes die regionale Beschäftigungssituation. Unterschiedliche regionale Arbeitslosenquoten leiten sich danach aus zwischen den Wirtschaftsräumen divergierenden Grenzproduktivitäten der Arbeit und Lohnsätzen, die diesen Unterschieden zu wenig Rechnung tragen, ab; die von den Tarifvertragsparteien betriebene Lohnpolitik ist zu undifferenziert. Eine solche Auffasung impliziert, daß dem Lohn Lenkungsfunktion für die räumliche Verteilung von Arbeitsplätzen zukommt. Der Autor geht in seinem Beitrag der Frage nach, welche Faktoren die regionale Lohnstruktur und ihre Veränderung bestimmen, und versucht anschließend, Anhaltspunkte dafür zu gewinnen, welche Wirkungen regionale Lohndifferenzierungen auf die regionale Entwicklung und die regionale Beschäftigung haben. Er kommt zu dem Ergebnis, daß zwischen Sektoren und Regionen durchaus erhebliche Lohnunterschiede bestehen, die aber die räumliche Arbeitsteilung nur sehr eingeschränkt bestimmen." (Autorenreferat)

Frontmatter -- Preface by the Director of UNRISD / McGranahan, Donald V. -- Foreword by the Editor -- Contents -- PART ONE: PAPERS -- 1. Contact systems and regional development / Törnqvist, Gunnar -- 2. Regional information and regional planning in Latin America / Odell, Peter R. -- 3. Regional information and regional planning in Mexico / Carrillo-Arronte, R. / Grosman, V. -- 4. Regional information and regional planning in Tanzania / Lundqvist, Jan -- 5.The regional analysis problem / Leven, C.L. / Legler, J.B. / Shapiro, P. -- PART TWO: CASE STUDIES -- 1. Regional statistics in Poland: Current problems and development prospects / Kawalec, Wincenty -- 2. Information systems for regional development in Sweden / Hermansen, Tormod -- 3. Information systems for regional development in Chile / Boisier, Sergio -- 4. Regional information, regional statistics and regional planning in India / Pal, Manindra Nath -- Biography of the contributors

Economic polarization is a process that is present at global, national and regional level. Economic activity is extremely spatially concentrated. Cities and developed regions use the agglomeration effect to attract labor and capital, thus achieving more favorable economic conditions than the agrarian region. Scientific research and European experiences over the past decades have contributed to the discrepancy among theorists about the causes and consequences of regional inequalities. Regional development is a complex process that involves a multidisciplinary approach. Without a detailed analysis of successful regional development cases, the implementation of their development systems directly to other regions can lead to the loss of time, capital, and human resources. Regional development is a process that needs to be adapted to specific conditions. Each region has its own identity and unique characteristics. Key factors of development include: natural and human resources, level of technological development, capital, knowledge, institutional and legislative framework, values, ethics and commitment. Regarding the pace and nature of regional development, institutional structures can play a key role. The prevailing opinion today is that regional development is closely linked to the use of endogenous capacities. The region can achieve long-term progress only if it uses its specific properties and endogenous / internal capacities. The challenge for each region is to use its endogenous resources that will make it competitive and attractive to the market. The progress of one region depends to a large extent on the circumstances and networking of different sectors at the local level. The modern concept of neo-endogenous development implies integral and sustainable development of the region, which includes the harmonization of economic, social and ecological goals. It combines the spatial, temporal and multisectoral dimension and emphasizes 'the reciprocal of local and external forces in the control of development processes.' Undeveloped, mainly rural regions are no longer just territories that provide food and are not identified exclusively with the agrarian environment. Regional or cohesion policy is an important mechanism for sustainable economic development. Regional policy aims to reduce underdevelopment. The main motive for countries to adopt regional policies is to help poor and backward regions, for whose development and recovery the state itself does not have enough strength. Regional development in a comprehensive way defines regional development priorities and ways of their realization.

Economic polarization is a process that is present at global, national and regional level. Economic activity is extremely spatially concentrated. Cities and developed regions use the agglomeration effect to attract labor and capital, thus achieving more favorable economic conditions than the agrarian region. Scientific research and European experiences over the past decades have contributed to the discrepancy among theorists about the causes and consequences of regional inequalities. Regional development is a complex process that involves a multidisciplinary approach. Without a detailed analysis of successful regional development cases, the implementation of their development systems directly to other regions can lead to the loss of time, capital, and human resources. Regional development is a process that needs to be adapted to specific conditions. Each region has its own identity and unique characteristics. Key factors of development include: natural and human resources, level of technological development, capital, knowledge, institutional and legislative framework, values, ethics and commitment. Regarding the pace and nature of regional development, institutional structures can play a key role. The prevailing opinion today is that regional development is closely linked to the use of endogenous capacities. The region can achieve long-term progress only if it uses its specific properties and endogenous / internal capacities. The challenge for each region is to use its endogenous resources that will make it competitive and attractive to the market. The progress of one region depends to a large extent on the circumstances and networking of different sectors at the local level. The modern concept of neo-endogenous development implies integral and sustainable development of the region, which includes the harmonization of economic, social and ecological goals. It combines the spatial, temporal and multisectoral dimension and emphasizes 'the reciprocal of local and external forces in the control of development processes.' Undeveloped, mainly rural regions are no longer just territories that provide food and are not identified exclusively with the agrarian environment. Regional or cohesion policy is an important mechanism for sustainable economic development. Regional policy aims to reduce underdevelopment. The main motive for countries to adopt regional policies is to help poor and backward regions, for whose development and recovery the state itself does not have enough strength. Regional development in a comprehensive way defines regional development priorities and ways of their realization.

Efter afslutningen på NATO's ISAF-mission, og i takt med tilbagetrækningen af internationale styrker vil et langt større ansvar for regional fredsopbygning tilføres de regionale stater selv. Sikkerhedssituationen i Afghanistan afhænger af regionalt samarbejde, hvilket forudsætter forudgående dialog samt fremadrettede innovative fredsopbygningsløsninger i en regional ramme. Voldelig ekstremisme, skrøbelige økonomier og konfliktfyldte bilaterale forhold er nogle af de problemer, der skal tackles såfremt bæredygtige løsninger skal opnås. Konferencen Regional Stability & Lessons Learned in Regional Peace Building, søgte netop at adressere ovennævnte problemstillinger ved at samle en række internationale og ikke mindst regionale forskere i Islamabad i oktober 2014. Selve konferencen var kulminationen på næsten et års samarbejde mellem Pakistans National Defence University og Forsvarsakademiet, og trods en række mere eller mindre forudsigelige bump på vejen, blev konferencen efterfølgende udråbt som særdeles vellykket. De sikkerhedspolitiske udfordringer i regionen tårner sig op i horisonten, og en del af disse blev behandlet på konferencen: Tilbagetrækningen af internationale militære styrker, Taliban, relationerne mellem Indien og Pakistan, behovet for øget regionalisme, Kinas rolle, EU og ASEAN som modeller for inspiration og regionale perspektiver fra Iran og Afghanistan var alle en del af det akademiske program i Islamabad sidst i oktober 2014. Denne rapport beskriver og analyserer præsentationerne på konferencen og endvidere præsenteres en række politiske anbefalinger, der fremadrettet kan bidrage til en konstruktiv og bæredygtig fredsopbygning i Centralasien. ; The NATO-led intervention in Afghanistan is coming to an end, and the necessity of regional peace building solutions for the region's security issues seems more exigent than ever before. Regional states have to come to terms with each other in some ways if violent extremists are to be countered, as none of the countries is able to deal with the intrastate and interstate conflicts on its own. The conference Regional Stability & Lessons Learned in Regional Peace Building was the result of comprehensive cooperation between Pakistan's National Defence University and the Royal Danish Defence College over the course of almost a year. This report should be viewed as the conference's outcome document. It is based on excerpts of the presentations as well as reflections on and analysis of the key arguments made at the conference. The region suffers no lack of security issues in need to be dealt with, and many of them were addressed at the conference: The withdrawal of international military forces, the Taliban, India/Pakistan relations, the need for regionalism, China's role, EU and ASEAN as models for inspiration and regional perspectives from Iran and Afghanistan were all part of the talks in Islamabad, with insightful contributions from a varied panel of scholars. The following will take you through the timely and important discussions presented in late October 2014.