Suchergebnisse

Despite on using the use of complex treatment, the survival of high risk neuroblastoma patients doesn't exceed 50 % with relapse as the main cause of death. The bone marrow (BM) lesion and presence of minimal residual disease at various stages of therapy are key factors of poor outcome and high frequency of relapse. Real time PCR is the most promising method for detecting neuroblastoma cells in BM samples due to the high sensitivity and specificity, which achieved by combination of several molecular markers. In this study we developed a method for evaluation TH and PHOX2B expression for monitoring metastatic BM lesion in neuroblastoma patients. This method has high sensitivity (1·10–4) and specificity to tumor cells. Evaluation of TH and PHOX2B gene expression was performed for 67 children with neuroblastoma at the time of diagnosis. We demonstrated that patients with overexpression of these genes has significantly worse overall and relapse-free survival. So, the developed method can be used in clinical practice for evaluation BM lesion degree as well as for risk group stratification in neuroblastoma patients at the time of diagnosis.Real time PCR is the most promising method for detecting neuroblastoma cells in BM samples due to the high sensitivity and specificity, which achieved by combination of several molecular markers. In this study we developed a method for evaluation TH and PHOX2B expression for monitoring metastatic BM lesion in neuroblastoma patients. This method has high sensitivity (1·10–4) and specificity to tumor cells. Evaluation of TH and PHOX2B gene expression was performed for 67 children with neuroblastoma at the time of diagnosis. We demonstrated that patients with overexpression of these genes has significantly worse overall and relapse-free survival. So, the developed method can be used in clinical practice for evaluation BM lesion degree as well as for risk group stratification in neuroblastoma patients at the time of diagnosis.

<i>Aim:</i> To examine the contributions of international holiday resorts and visitors' nationality to recruitment, relapse into, and escalation in frequency of recreational drug use. <i>Methods:</i> Retrospective design surveying British, German and Spanish (n = 3,003) holidaymakers aged 16–35 visiting Ibiza or Majorca (Spain). <i>Results:</i> Individuals' drug use in international resorts was related to use at home, holiday destination and nationality. While visiting Ibiza, 7.2% of British tourists tried ecstasy for the first time with similar recruitment amongst Spanish (8.6%) but not Germans (1.8%) or those visiting Majorca (0.8, 1.5 and 1.2%, respectively). Recruitment into cocaine use was associated with being Spanish, male, visiting Ibiza and drunkenness. One in 5 British holidaymakers visiting Ibiza tried at least one new drug. British and Spanish were most likely to relapse into using a drug after at least 12 months' abstinence; 6.8% of British (1.3% German, 2.9% Spanish) relapsed into using at least one drug. Across nationalities, substance use frequency increased on holiday. <i>Conclusions:</i> International nightlife resorts are major sources of recruitment, relapse and escalation in drug use. Such resorts contribute to the international spread of drug cultures but have been largely ignored as settings for interventions to tackle drugs.

Purpose. To assess the relationships between active-duty military status, military weight standards, concern about weight gain, and anticipated relapse after smoking cessation. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Hospital-based tobacco cessation program. Subjects. Two hundred fifty-two enrollees, of 253 eligible, to a tobacco cessation program in 1999 (135 men, 117 women; 43% on active duty in the military). Measures. Independent variables included gender, body mass index (weight/height2), and military status. Dependent variables included concern about weight gain with smoking cessation and anticipated relapse. Results. In multivariate regression analyses that controlled for gender and body mass index, active-duty military status was associated with an elevated level of concern about weight gain (1.9-point increase on a 10-point scale; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0- to 2.8-point increase), as well as higher anticipated relapse (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 9.8). Among subjects who were close to or over the U.S. Air Force maximum allowable weight for height, the analogous OR for active-duty military status was 6.9 ( p = .02). Conclusions. Occupational weight standards or expectations may pose additional barriers for individuals contemplating or attempting smoking cessation, as they do among active-duty military personnel. These barriers are likely to hinder efforts to decrease smoking prevalence in certain groups.

This open study on 614 alcohol-dependent patients from 51 centres in Belgium over 24 weeks collected data on the sociodemographic, medical and drug safety profiles and the type of psychosocial support most commonly associated with acamprosate. Psychiatric problems (34%) and gastro-intestinal ulcers (15%) were the most frequent other medical diagnoses. As supportive treatment, 48% of patients received individual psychotherapy, 25% group therapy, 16% relapse prevention and coping skills, 9% brief intervention and 2% family therapy. Fifteen (29%) centres used only 1 form of supportive treatment, 14 (27%) used 2 forms of support, 16 (31%) used 3 forms, 4 (8%) used 4 and only 2 centres (4%) used all 5 supportive treatment options. Three hundred and fifty-nine patients dropped out of the study. At any moment during the treatment period, up to 11% relapsed, 9% had binge drinking and 9% had drinking lapses. The quantity of alcohol consumption during relapse, lapse or binge drinking showed a considerable drop in the mean number of drinks per day, from 19.53 before treatment to 4.23–7.83 drinks for lapse drinking, 9.27–14.62 drinks for binge drinking and 4.96–10.29 drinks per day for relapse. All 8 dimensions of the SF36 quality of life questionnaire improved over the treatment period. Acamprosate was well tolerated by all patients.

В статье рассматриваются формы неоднократности преступного поведения с точки зрения развития законодательства и практики его применения. ; The article discusses the repeated forms of criminal behavior in terms of development of legislation and practice.

1. Bipartisanship in the U.S. Senate : recovery and relapse -- 2. Comity clubs : Senate committees -- 3. Big-box bipartisanship and boutique bipartisanship -- 4. Tensions over bipartisanship : leaders versus committees -- 5. Cosmetic bipartisanship -- 6. Is bipartisanship dead?

AbstractThe impact of psychotropic medications on the course of illness varies depending on premorbid functioning. The effect on relapse rate of low‐dosage maintenance needs to be examined in the hopes of minimizing its side effects.

Abstinence motivation is an important psychological factor in staving off a relapse in synthetic drug addiction. We explored the psychological factors that affect abstinence motivation among 732 male drug addicts in China. Participants answered a survey comprising the Tennessee SelfConcept
Scale, the Stress Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Drug Abstinence Motivation Scale. Results show significantly positive correlations among self-concept, coping style, and abstinence motivation. Coping style played a mediating role between self-concept and abstinence motivation, that is,
self-concept affects abstinence motivation by influencing the coping style. Results have practical implications for substance abuse treatment in Mainland China by illustrating a focus on the fostering of a positive self-concept and coping style in the face of stress to enhance abstinence motivation
and reduce the relapse rate.

Two experimental conditions, a manualized cognitive-behavioral anger-control treatment incorporating empowerment strategies and a relapse-prevention treatment without the anger-control component, were compared to assess their impact on levels of trait anger and attributional styles of women recovering from alcohol and drug addiction. Participants were predominantly African American, low-socioeconomic-level women living in a residential facility in a major Midwestern city. Although significant changes were found for the anger-control group participants, sample size (anger control n = 8, relapse prevention n = 5) and participant characteristics call for caution when interpreting the results and limit the generalizability of the intervention. As a preliminary study, the findings are encouraging. Recommendations for future research and implications for social work practice are discussed.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of psychological distress measured by the symptom checklist in alcohol dependent inpatients during treatment and at follow-up. In addition, psychological distress as a predictive variable for abstinence or relapse during a 1-year follow-up was investigated. In a sample of 314 alcohol-dependent inpatients, we found a statistically significant reduction of psychological distress during therapy. Comparison of patients within 1-year follow-up showed a significant reduction of psychological distress only for the later abstinent subgroup. Later abstinent patients were significantly less distressed at the end of therapy and at follow-up. Logistic regression indicated that a higher Global Severity Index (GSI) of psychological distress at the end of therapy increases the relapse risk.

In order to examine the clinical treatment outcome for dental fears, we examined 111 active patient records retrospectively using an 80‐item structured format. Subjects were from three fear subtypes: needle phobic (N = 15), gagger (N = 11), and non‐specific dental fear (N = 85). Mean subtype Dental Fear Survey scores ranged from 72.3 to 81.0. Patients received either behavioral therapy alone (N = 85) or behavioral therapy with a nitrous oxide or IV sedation adjunct (N = 26). Mean psychological treatment time was 3.9 hours (SD = 2.8 h) and did not differ by fear subtype (p > 0.05). All patients successfully completed initial dental treatment. Relapse of fear requiring additional psychological treatment occurred only in the nonspecific fear subtype (rate = 11.2%). Patients receiving pharmacological adjuncts to behavior therapy (nitrous oxide) experienced less relapse.

Intro -- Help! I'm addicted -- Cover -- of related interest -- Titel page -- Copyright -- Author's Note -- Contents -- Wobble -- Self-Discovery -- Drink and Drugs -- Thirty -- Fullstop -- Dry Drunk -- Angel -- Meetings -- The New Girl -- Relapse -- Sex -- My Recovery -- Further Resources -- Acknowledgements.

AbstractFamilies and schizophrenic patients receiving the family intervention program cope more effectively with adversity, change family attitudes and behavior, are less excitable, reduce critical attitudes toward the patient, and show significantly reduced risk for patient relapse.

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of self-administered intranasal oxytocin on alcohol dependence after detoxification.


Methods
In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 38 patients fulfilling the criteria for ICD-10 diagnosis of alcohol dependence received either 8 IU oxytocin or placebo at their own discretion up to thrice daily for 4 weeks, after completing detoxification. Primary outcome was alcohol intake specified as the amount of alcohol consumed, the number of days to relapse into alcohol use and the proportion of subjects relapsing. Secondary outcomes were self-reported symptoms of craving, sleep and mental distress.


Results
There were no significant differences between the oxytocin group and the placebo group in daily alcohol intake in total (mean 1.3 ± 2.9 vs. 2.0 ± 5.0 units; P = 0.63) or on drinking days (mean 8.4 ± 2.7 vs. 7.7 ± 6.0 units; P = 0.76), in the number of days until relapse (P = 0.91) or in the proportion of subjects relapsing (37.5 vs. 41.2%; P = 0.84). Neither were there any statistically significant differences in any other outcomes, except a larger decrease in self-reported nervousness in the oxytocin group (P = 0.022).


Conclusion
The results were inconclusive as to whether intranasal oxytocin reduced the time to relapse, degree of craving or total amount of alcohol consumed after detoxification. However, the oxytocin group had a larger decrease in self-reported nervousness.

Purpose. The aim of the study is to assess the patients disability degree using the Extended Scale of Disability in various forms of multiple sclerosis.Material and Methods. The study was conducted on a group of 40 people suffering from multiple sclerosis, diagnosed and treated in the Neurology Clinic of the 10th Military Clinical Hospital in Bydgoszcz. In order to assess the patients disability degree, the Extended Disability Management Scale was used. The other information needed for statistical analysis was obtained from the clinical observation chart established for each patient.Results. The disability degree of patients with multiple sclerosis is determined by many variables. The Expanded Disability Rating Scale is a good tool to assess the degree of disability of patients with multiple sclerosis.Conclusion. 1. In the group of people with relapsing remitting MS, the average value of the degree of disability in the Expanded Disability Scale was the smallest. 2. The childbirth during the course of multiple sclerosis causes exacerbation of clinical symptoms immediately after the childbirth. 3. Optic neuritis as the initial symptom of multiple sclerosis predisposes to a milder course of the disease. 4. Symptoms of the first relapse of multiple sclerosis that support faster progression of disability are: lower limb paresis, sphincter dysfunction and balance disorders. 5. Multifocal symptomatology of the first relapse of multiple sclerosis speaks for faster progression of disability in relation to patients with the first relapse characterized only by one symptom.