Suchergebnisse

The analysis of the relationship between law and policy is based on current legal theories, which build their models on the basis of the interaction of these two phenomena as in the process of state formation, so in the management of the state and the civil society. Legal theories correlate with the constitutional process in Ukraine, which gives reason to speak about the growing of the influence of political mechanisms on national legislation, the state, society and citizens' justice. This raises the question of the relation of the archetypes of legal culture with the direct political and legal experience of the nation-state, which over time is crystallized into theoretical doctrines and the corresponding political and legal practice of their implementation. Legal theories, as well as the positions of national scholars regarding the law and politics, also did not go beyond the definitions of the influence of national factors on the interaction of law and policy. The autonomous model (legal positivism), the insertion model (natural law theory), and the intersection model (American and Scandinavian legal realism) always had a common field from which different (in our case Ukrainian) national systems of law development ware sprouted. In this field law and politics are two (to a greater or lesser extent) different phenomena that interact with one another (with lesser or greater frequency) in the light of national interests and what the social sciences call the «spirit of the nation». In a transitional period, the positioning of the law in Ukraine is too closely linked to the political realities and interests of the political elites, which in most cases are still very far from the generally accepted principles of law. This is also the case today, in particular during the discussion and adoption of the bills on amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine proposed by the President in August 2019. It is clear that the issues of interaction of the law (law) and politics in Ukrainian realities are at the stage of their ...

The article deals with the correlation between the European Union law and international law. Constant participation of the European Union and its members in international organizations gave a rise to the need for establishment of interrelation between the sources of international law particularly international agreements and customs and sources of European Union law such as regulating agreements and acts of the EU institutions as well as necessity to identify which norms should be applied in a certain case and which hierarchical connections exist in these sources. This issue was research by numerous Ukrainian and foreign scholars such as T.V. Komarova, O.V. Plotnikov, K. Zigler, I.I. Maryniv, R. Jennigs, K. Tomushat and others. But unlike scientific research EU agreements do not have any provisions which would identify the type of relations between EU law and international law. It is also necessary to note that the only subject which position is important in this sphere is EU Court. In order to answer the mentioned questions decisions of the EU Court which had an impact on the formation of a new law and order on international level such as the one of the European Union (for example decision in case Van Gend en Loos) and decision of the Court which established fundamental positions regarding correlation of EU law and international law (for example in case Kadi v Council and Commission) were researched into. Provisions of EU regulating agreements related to international agreements and their place in the system of norms of the European Union were analyzed. To see the procedure of applying customary law in European law case law of the EU Court was researched. The article provides modern position of the EU Court regarding interaction between European and international law.

The article examines the peculiarities of law and legal security in modern Ukrainian realities. It is determined that law is a mechanism which, through the application of legal norms of which it is a part, should ensure the effective functioning of democracy and democracy in the state and the functioning and further development of the social system. It is established that the Ukrainian legal system is undergoing a reconstruction phase, in which administrative and legal mechanisms are being transformed into mechanisms of self-regulation and self-organisation. The author establishes that essential factors of law stability are correct definition and certainty of each element, completeness and absence of contradictions. It is established that the basis of the concept of legal security is the conditions, sources, methods and mechanisms of negative impact (falsification of legal provisions, conflicts of provisions, legal gaps, inadequate implementation procedures, neglect of the effect of provisions, substitution of concepts, corruption, etc. The author determines that legal security is a component of national security. Its content consists of the implementation of national interests in all areas of national security, protection of national interests in the security sector, as well as legal regulation of legal relations and legal protection of the creation of state and non-state institutions with the necessary and sufficient conditions for the effective functioning of law and legal order as a crucial regulator of social relations. It is noted that legal security is one of the constant needs caused by the natural conditions of life of a person, society and mankind. It should also be considered a universal human value designed to ensure a person's existence as a public good. The author identifies the factors that significantly impact the institutionalisation process of an individual's legal security.

The article researches development of trust property institute in continental law states and investigates possible development of national legislation in this sphere. The article also characterizes modern state of trust property in Ukraine and proposed models of its improvement. In all researched continental law states it is possible to trace personal way of development of trust property institute as well as a special mean of trust implementation. Approaches of foreign legislators distinguish and can be seen in implementation of single-level and two-level changes. The first one is ratification of the Hague Trust Convention (Italy) as well as enshrining of its own trust like constructions (France, Germany). Two-level changes are represented by first Ratification of the Hague Trust Convention and then adoption of special acts to regulate legislative collisions in regulation of trust relations (Switzerland). The article has also researched prospects in development of Ukrainian national legislation. Draft laws which are registered in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and consider trust property as one more way to ensure performance of duties along with other ones provided for by p. 1 of Art. 546 of the Civil Code of Ukraine such as forfeit, bailment, guarantee, collateral/pledge, retention, deposit (down payment) have been investigated. Reasons for enlarging legislation on trust relations through ratification of conventions and creation of a wide legal regulation of the researched sphere have been provided.

The article raises an urgent problem of studying the peculiarities of the formation of inter-sectoral relationships in the system of law, the direct object of which are the branches of land and newly emerged urban law. Spatial planning is considered as one of the foundations of town planning law. The European trend of gradual replacement of territorial planning by spatial planning is presented. The land legislation and theoretical developments concerning the planning of the territories were analyzed, as well as the investigation of the individual measures of the planning of the territories, in particular the natural-agricultural zoning and land zoning.Keywords: town planning law, land law, territorial planning, land zoning ; У статті піднімається актуальна проблема вивчення особливостей формування міжгалузевих взаємозв'язків у системі права, безпосереднім об'єктом яких є галузі земельного та нещодавно виниклого містобудівного права. Розглянуто територіальне планування як одну з підвалин містобудівного права. Наведено європейську тенденцію поступової заміни територіального планування плануванням просторовим. Проаналізовано земельне законодавство і теоретичні напрацювання щодо планування територій, а також здійснено дослідження окремих заходів планування територій, зокрема природно-сільськогосподарського районування і зонування земель.Ключові слова: містобудівне право,земельне право, територіальне планування, зонування земель

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific concepts and legal terminology of criminal legislation, the identification of their relationship and role in lawmaking in the development and adoption of quality in form and perfect in content laws on criminal liability. The logical structure of criminal law concepts (content and volume) and their industry types are considered: specific, generic, evaluative concepts and categories as fundamental concepts of law; developed the basic rules for their determination and consolidation in the text of the law. The basic requirements (quality parameters) that are presented to legal terms are identified, with the help of which the law on criminal liability defines legal concepts that comprise the content of legal norms, legal structures and other legal formations that are components of this law. The proposals aimed at improving the form and content of criminal law are formulated. The problems of scientific concepts and legal terminology considered in the article, their analysis and formulated proposals are aimed, as a whole, at improving legislative activity on the development and adoption of high-quality criminal-form laws in form and perfect in content. Legal concepts and legal terminology - organically interconnected phenomena of criminal law – are specifically logical and linguistic means of displaying and consolidating verbally in criminal liability laws (in their norms, legal structures, other regulatory legal conditions) subject to legal regulation formations) of phenomena (objects) of reality that are subject to criminal law regulation. The deeper the legal concepts are developed, the more perfect the legal terminology used in the text of the law, the better the positive law, which should be objectively capable of optimally regulating public relations in the field of criminal law.

The article is devoted to the study of the process of the emergence of rights in the primitive society of the period of savagery and barbarism. The time frame expands from the beginning of the birth of life (about 4.1 – 3.7 billion years ago) to the invention of methods of cultivation of land and the primary division of labor and the invention of ancient civilization of Sumerians of writing (respectively 6,500 years - 3,100 years BC). The social and anthropological reasons for the emergence of law (needs of common habitation, normative consciousness), the world-view basis, the nature of the binding character of the original rules, their interrelation with morality, are substantiated. The original rules of conduct in the form of prohibitions (taboos), custom, rite, worship and ritual were alloy, a mixture of divine and natural, magical and psychological. These mono norms formed the core of primitive law as the form of proper, necessary behavior, the most significant factor of the force of which was the joint residence and the mutual benefit of acting concertedly.In the absence of political power in the primitive society, they also supported the authority of tribal leaders, elders, healers, healers and sorcerers. With the emergence of religion and systems of morality, these norms receive a new religious and value justification and differentiate from those norms of morality that do not require more stringent, compared with them, sanctions. Thus, the social interaction in the process of living together and the elaboration of the rules of this residence, the improvement of the methods of resolving conflicts and disputes provided the ground on which the archaic right of the primitive society has grown, which in the form reached us in the relevant earliest historical sources, according to the constant scientific tradition, is called customary law.Article received 20.11.2018 ; Статтю присвячено дослідженню процесу виникнення права у первісному суспільстві періоду дикості і варварства у часових рамках історії людства з початку зародження життя (близько 4,1 – 3,7 млрд рр. тому) до винайдення методів обробітку землі та первинного поділу праці та винайдення давньою цивілізацією шумерів письма (відповідно 6500–3100 рр. до н. е.). Обґрунтовано соціальні й антропологічні причини виникнення права (потреби спільного проживання, нормативність свідомості), світоглядна основа, природа зобов'язувального характеру первісних правил, їхній взаємозв'язок із мораллю.Матеріал надійшов 20.11.2018

The article is devoted to the study of the process of the emergence of rights in the primitive society of the period of savagery and barbarism. The time frame expands from the beginning of the birth of life (about 4.1 – 3.7 billion years ago) to the invention of methods of cultivation of land and the primary division of labor and the invention of ancient civilization of Sumerians of writing (respectively 6,500 years - 3,100 years BC). The social and anthropological reasons for the emergence of law (needs of common habitation, normative consciousness), the world-view basis, the nature of the binding character of the original rules, their interrelation with morality, are substantiated. The original rules of conduct in the form of prohibitions (taboos), custom, rite, worship and ritual were alloy, a mixture of divine and natural, magical and psychological. These mono norms formed the core of primitive law as the form of proper, necessary behavior, the most significant factor of the force of which was the joint residence and the mutual benefit of acting concertedly.In the absence of political power in the primitive society, they also supported the authority of tribal leaders, elders, healers, healers and sorcerers. With the emergence of religion and systems of morality, these norms receive a new religious and value justification and differentiate from those norms of morality that do not require more stringent, compared with them, sanctions. Thus, the social interaction in the process of living together and the elaboration of the rules of this residence, the improvement of the methods of resolving conflicts and disputes provided the ground on which the archaic right of the primitive society has grown, which in the form reached us in the relevant earliest historical sources, according to the constant scientific tradition, is called customary law.Article received 20.11.2018 ; Статтю присвячено дослідженню процесу виникнення права у первісному суспільстві періоду дикості і варварства у часових рамках історії людства з початку зародження життя (близько 4,1 – 3,7 млрд рр. тому) до винайдення методів обробітку землі та первинного поділу праці та винайдення давньою цивілізацією шумерів письма (відповідно 6500–3100 рр. до н. е.). Обґрунтовано соціальні й антропологічні причини виникнення права (потреби спільного проживання, нормативність свідомості), світоглядна основа, природа зобов'язувального характеру первісних правил, їхній взаємозв'язок із мораллю.Матеріал надійшов 20.11.2018

The article is devoted to the study of the process of the emergence of rights in the primitive society of the period of savagery and barbarism. The time frame expands from the beginning of the birth of life (about 4.1 – 3.7 billion years ago) to the invention of methods of cultivation of land and the primary division of labor and the invention of ancient civilization of Sumerians of writing (respectively 6,500 years - 3,100 years BC). The social and anthropological reasons for the emergence of law (needs of common habitation, normative consciousness), the world-view basis, the nature of the binding character of the original rules, their interrelation with morality, are substantiated. The original rules of conduct in the form of prohibitions (taboos), custom, rite, worship and ritual were alloy, a mixture of divine and natural, magical and psychological. These mono norms formed the core of primitive law as the form of proper, necessary behavior, the most significant factor of the force of which was the joint residence and the mutual benefit of acting concertedly.In the absence of political power in the primitive society, they also supported the authority of tribal leaders, elders, healers, healers and sorcerers. With the emergence of religion and systems of morality, these norms receive a new religious and value justification and differentiate from those norms of morality that do not require more stringent, compared with them, sanctions. Thus, the social interaction in the process of living together and the elaboration of the rules of this residence, the improvement of the methods of resolving conflicts and disputes provided the ground on which the archaic right of the primitive society has grown, which in the form reached us in the relevant earliest historical sources, according to the constant scientific tradition, is called customary law.Article received 20.11.2018 ; Статтю присвячено дослідженню процесу виникнення права у первісному суспільстві періоду дикості і варварства у часових рамках історії людства з початку зародження життя (близько 4,1 – 3,7 млрд рр. тому) до винайдення методів обробітку землі та первинного поділу праці та винайдення давньою цивілізацією шумерів письма (відповідно 6500–3100 рр. до н. е.). Обґрунтовано соціальні й антропологічні причини виникнення права (потреби спільного проживання, нормативність свідомості), світоглядна основа, природа зобов'язувального характеру первісних правил, їхній взаємозв'язок із мораллю.Матеріал надійшов 20.11.2018

In this article the author examines the basic norms of "soft law of the EU", which establish common rules for the use of energy from renewable sources and the level of their implementation in national legislation as well as the basis of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU on promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. The author has made the general overview of international obligation of Ukraine about improvement and adaptation of the national legislation to the EU standards in the sphere being explored. The author determines the necessity of forming the policy directed on realization of investment projects in the spheres of energy efficiency and renewable energy in Ukraine; the need, the necessity additionally to the attraction of foreign investments, to support the national business entities that implement the use of energy from renewable sources. A specific role of constant scientific and technical updating in the field of energy production was established. In the article the main achievements in the field of energy use from renewable sources are analyzed, problem points and directions of further popularization and wide introduction of the production of energy from renewable sources from the production to the household sphere are identified. Enough attention is paid to the mechanisms of stimulation of renewable electricity production that have already been acting today; the author mentions energy-saving projects implemented by local authorities; the potentially most powerful renewable energy resources of the country are identified, the energy of the sun and wind in particular. Difficulties in using renewable energy often go beyond the strictly regulatory and financial issues. In this regard, the author permanently accents the need to raise citizens' awareness of the results of reforms and institutional changes in Ukraine and the opportunities provided by these reforms.

Problem setting. Due to the rapid development of digital technologies, the issue of status settlement and the use of artificial intelligence technologies is especially relevant. This fact indicates the need and importance of finding answers to the question and aims to intensify and unite the efforts of the scientific community to address relevant issues. One of the areas of scientific research is the doctrinal development of new phenomena and processes that have arisen and are taking place in the state and legal sphere under the influence of digitalization of economics, management and law. The tasks of scientific research are to comprehend the impact of the digitization process on the state and legal sphere of society; law as such; assessment of the transformations that are taking place and identification of trends in their dynamics; forecasting the state of these phenomena in the future; formulation of fundamental and applied problems of legal science in terms of doctrinal development of the laws of development and functioning of law, state and legal sphere of society in the conditions of digital reality, determination of approaches to their solution. Recent research and publications analysis. An analysis of recent research and publications shows that scientific research on this issue is carried out mainly within the economic, political, computer, legal sciences, although the problems and prospects of digitization of law require a deep and thorough philosophical, including philosophical and legal understanding. The rapid development of new technologies, in particular artificial intelligence technologies, the Internet of Things, cloud technologies, etc., is contributing to changes in current legislation. Today, advanced economies are already pondering the question of regulating the status and use of AI technologies. While these are only the first bold steps, in the future, all of these can affect global changes in the legal system – perhaps full-fledged comprehensive institutions of law, even the branches of ...

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of «abuse of rights» in terms of its negative manifestation in different legal systems. In order to clarify the legal nature and content of the abuse of law, the question of the relationship between lawful and wrongful conduct was analyzed. Based on the study of doctrinal sources on this issue, ways to overcome the abuse of rights have been identified at the international and regional levels. The monitoring of foreign and national legislation in the article led to the conclusion that abuse of law is a phenomenon that permeates all branches of law and all groups of legal relations. The implementation of knowledge and legal traditions of international and domestic regulation of this category makes it possible to develop new ways to combat abuse of law at the social and legal levels. In our opinion, the legal significance of regulations aimed at counteracting the phenomenon of abuse of rights at the regional level in domestic law is significantly underestimated. The principle of inadmissibility of abuse of rights does not have its own stable logical theoretical construction, including at the constitutional and legal level, which indicates the need to enshrine it in a separate provision of the Constitution of Ukraine. At the same time, it should be recognized that effective counteraction to abuse of rights at the legislative level should be carried out both at the level of general legal principles and at the level of special industry regulations and norms.

The author upholds the thought that the human's being "under guidance of numerous things", the diversity of spheres of human activities as if gives cause for objecting the architectonic character of politics. However it is the diversity of spheres in each society, in the author's opinion, that is a result of the global institution of the society which gives every reason for the recognition of the architectonic role of politics, as well as the complex unity under the name of the objective mind. The present distribution of market in the social sphere nourishes individualistic comprehension of human rights. Thus, the philosopher concludes, the objective mind is anxious of modern subjectivism and individualism as never before. ; ***

The article clarifies the relationship between the constitution and the basic law. There is a constant debate in the literature about when the first constitutions appeared in the world. The question also arises as to who from the very beginning turned to the concept of constitution in the doctrinal sense, describing the corresponding already existing concept or proposing to introduce the constitution as a certain ideal model in practice. At the same time, disputes over the relationship between the constitution and the basic law, the modern content of the constitution as a state and legal phenomenon do not subside. It is concluded that the doctrine of the constitution was formed gradually, evolutionarily. The Constitution began to be perceived as a state system or a form of government, not immediately identifying it with a separate written formal source with the appropriate name. In parallel, the doctrine of the basic laws developed, which meant precisely the rules and regulations, although their form could be different. It is concluded that before the emergence of constitutions in the formal sense, it is especially important to emphasize its genesis – it grew out of material significance, being supplemented at a certain historical stage by the formal meaning. The term "constitution" has gradually supplanted the term "fundamental law", although in some countries it has remained in use for various historical reasons as a synonym for the constitution. German-speaking countries have a long tradition of using the term "fundamental law". Today in the Federal Republic of Germany, the constitution is called the "Fundamental Law". The corresponding motivation for the name was due, according to the authors, to the temporary nature of the act adopted after the Second World War in 1949 (which has remained in force to this day). The current Constitution of Hungary in 2011 is also called the "Fundamental Law". Spanish-speaking states also have their own analogue of the "fundamental law", which is used as a synonym for the constitution – "Carta Fundamental". ; У статті з'ясовано співвідношення конституції та основного закону. У літературі постійно точаться дискусії з приводу того, коли саме у світі з'явилися перші конституції. Так само постає питання: хто із самого початку звернувся до поняття конституції в доктринальному розумінні, описуючи відповідне вже існуюче поняття або ж пропонуючи запровадити конституцію як певну ідеальну модель на практиці? Паралельно не вщухають спори щодо співвідношення конституції та основного закону, сучасного змісту конституції як державно-правового явища. Зроблено висновок про те, що вчення про конституцію формувалося поступово, еволюційно. Конституцію почали сприймати як державний устрій або форму правління, не одразу ототожнюючи її з окремим писаним формальним джерелом з відповідною назвою. Паралельно розвивалося вчення про основні закони, під якими розумілися саме норми і правила, хоч їхня форма могла бути різною. З'ясовано, що до появи конституцій у формальному значенні особливо важливо підкреслити її ґенезу – вона виросла із матеріального значення, будучи доповненою на певному історичному етапі значенням формальним. Термін «конституція» поступово витіснив термін «основний закон», хоч і в деяких країнах дотепер залишився у вжитку через різні історичні причини як синонім конституції. Досить велику традицію вживання терміна «основний закон» мають німецькомовні країни. Сьогодні у Федеративній Республіці Німеччина конституція названа саме «Основний Закон». Відповідна мотивація щодо назви була зумовлена, за задумом авторів, тимчасовим характером дії ухваленого після Другої світової війни у 1949 році акта (який зберіг свою чинність дотепер). Чинна нині Конституція Угорщини 2011 року носить також назву «Основний Закон». Іспаномовні держави мають свій аналог «основного закону», що вживається як синонім конституції – «Carta Fundamental».

The research is dedicated to the analysis of law enforcement civil aspects in legal regulation of public relations, determination of its character and value as security instrument of their effectiveness. It is set that law realization is considered in such forms as law fulfillment, law application, law enforcement, law fulfillment and law termination accompanying the motion of civil-law relations. Law enforcement legal nature is stipulated by the objective necessity to influence on the behavior of participants of such civil-law relations to ensure their compliance with the legal model. It is proved that the reason for law enforcement in the course of civil-law relations realization is such character of their development, reality and affiliation of which in view of their social value is provided individually-legal instructions given by public authority. Realization of subjective civil rights and legal obligations in private relation is provided by the acceptance of individual legal act issued by governmental authority. Law enforcement mechanism in a private law was considered whereby the combination of legal measures through which public activity of governmental authority is adjusted should be understood, which involves adjustment of civil-law relations in the course of their legal regulation, provision of stable public society development. Authority's activity in law enforcement mechanism is provided by the system of legal measures (mechanism elements), the total amount of which shall be naturally implemented in law realization mechanism the component of which is law enforcement mechanism in synchronically directed at provision of its effectiveness. To such elements of law enforcement mechanism each of which is specified within the appropriate law realization may be included: legal provision, legal relations and judicial fact.