The growing popularity of comics in Ukraine and worldwide increases scientific attention to this type of information product. The article is devoted to generalising the leading tendencies in the Comics Study and researching comics in modern humanities. Based on the study devoted to comics professional publications, profile resources of world comics research centres and the current state of understanding the phenomenon of comics magazines and Internet resources, application of review-analytical, historical-chronological, dialectical, socio-communication, and content analysis methods has been detected that the syncretic nature of comics made them a research subject in various sciences and programme subject areas: literary studies, linguistics, cultural study, art history, history, political science, and others. Leading research centres of Comics Study are the International Comic Art Forum, the British Consortium of Comic Researchers, the Comics Research Hub of the University of the Arts, the Canadian Society for the Study of Comics, the Society for Comics Researchers (USA). The educational direction of Comics Studies has been represented by bachelor's, master's, and doctoral (doctor of philosophy) educational programs in higher education institutions of different countries: the University of Florida, University of Toronto, University of California Santa Cruz, University of Portland, West University, University Dundee, Teesside University, Lancaster University (UK), Kyoto Seika University (Japan). The growth of scientific knowledge in Comics Study, on the one hand, and on the other hand - the predominance of interdisciplinary approach in the studies necessitated the establishment of special scientific journals dedicated to comics, such as the Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics, Studies in Comics, European Comic Art. In Ukraine, the study of comics at the dissertation level took place in the dimension of pedagogy and philology. However, some scientific research on comics is available in journalism, press studies, ...
The article is devoted to the study of evidence in administrative proceedings. The article thoroughly examines the doctrinal and legislative approaches to understanding the concept of evidence. Scientists have justified the identification of evidence with information used in administrative proceedings to establish the presence or absence of certain facts. The author determines the evidence based on the researched approaches of scientists and the current administrative procedural legislation. The importance of defining a particular process of proof as a complex multi-activity in administrative proceedings is examined. It is concluded that the process of proving in administrative proceedings consists in collecting by the participants of the process any data collected legally, guided by which the court should establish the presence or absence of circumstances and facts in the case, which will become the basis for the court to make a lawful, justified and justified decision. on the case. In addition, the process of proof is interpreted as the mental activity of all participants in the proceedings, which aims to transform the established facts into the status of evidence in the case. The author establishes the existence of stages of the process of evidence in administrative proceedings, namely the collection and presentation of evidence, the examination of evidence, the process of proof at the stage of trial and evaluation of evidence. The author explores that the starting point of proof is the collection and presentation of evidence. The main stage of evidence - the study of evidence - is characterized in the context of its theoretical and normative substantiation. The article identifies ways of examining the evidence and states that it is implemented in a certain sequence. The author identifies as the next logical step the sequential transition from one fact to another with the help of the presented evidence, which is one or another form of presentation of established facts.
The article considers the theoretical aspect of journalistic investigation genre features in the information space. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of modern journalists (V. Ivanov and O. Dudko, A. Babinets, G. Kryvosheya, V. Zdoroveha, O. Tertychniy, V. Karpenko, and others). The reception of the mentioned researchers' scientific works made it possible to distinguish specific features of analytical genres, including journalistic investigations. The article emphasizes that the so-called "Watergate case" (from the name of the Washington hotel "Watergate", which houses the headquarters of the Democratic Party), founded by the correspondents of The Washington Post, was on the way to the formation of investigative journalism genre. The journalistic investigation changed the course of history and since has taken priority positions among the most prestigious genres of independent media in America and later in European countries. And first of all, because that journalists in these countries were protected by the existing level of democracy. It is outlined that during the period of independence development from the beginning of the 90s of the 20th century, Ukraine has experienced many political and social scandals, during which dozens of officials were forced to resign in disgrace. Basically, the root cause for the discovery of cases was journalistic investigations. Of course, for certain circles, in particular, those involved in big politics, power, business, the intrusion of journalists into these areas, which are mostly semi-closed to the general public, has always been undesirable. It is concluded that after the Revolution of Dignity, investigative journalism became one of the main genres of Ukrainian journalism. This genre fulfills a huge social mission: it aims to expose injustice, violations of the law, or even crimes that are ignored by law enforcement agencies.
The subject of the study is the theoretical aspects of the formation of the competitiveness of the labor force in the system of market relations that develop in the labor market. The aim of the study is to compare the categories of competitiveness that exist in the labor market to clarify the category of competitiveness of the labor force. Research methods. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, historical, logical, which made it possible to ensure the conceptual consistency and effectiveness of the research. Results of work. The article examines various categories of competitiveness in the labor market. The content of the concept of a worker's competitiveness is considered. The research of the concept of personnel competitiveness is carried out. The concept of labor force competitiveness is also generalized. It is shown that the competitiveness of labor resources and competitive human capital are used in scientific circulation. A comparison of these categories is carried out and their relationship is shown. It has been demonstrated that the competitiveness of the labor force is at the heart of the competitiveness pyramid. Application of the results. The system of sciences in the field of labor economics, social economics and politics, economic and social research, the subject of which is the study of the processes of increasing competitiveness in the labor market. Conclusions. The competitiveness of the labor force is based on its quality, namely, the totality of personal, professional and other characteristics that allow the employee to compete in the labor market.
Introduction Employment reveals one of the most important aspects of social and economic life. It is associated with satisfaction of human needs in certain goods and services. However employment of the population produces gross national product, and so is the economic basis of society. At the same time, employment has social character. It reflects the needs of people not only in earnings, but also self through socially useful activities. Thus, employment of the working population is a highly topical issue of social and economic life, which is not only limited to the problems of unemployment and includes such aspects as sustainable use of labor; ensure a decent standard of living of the working population; meet the needs of the economy in the labor force with regard to its quality and quantity; meet the professional needs of workers, including the need for professional education and maintenance training; social support in case of job loss, etc. The interest to study of the problems employment and unemployment has intensified in recent decades due to the rapid decline of general economic and social indicators of Ukraine.Purpose of research is the methodological aspects of the employment of the working population as a system of economic relations of society that has developed between employers and employees in relation to providing the latest jobs. The workplace is one of the objects of the employment system. It defines the working conditions (normal, hard, bad), modes of work and rest, nature of work (a wide, monotonous, etc.). From working conditions depends on the value of the cost jobs and of wages of workers.Methods Method of scientific analysis of theoretical material, statistical analysis and comparison, deductive-indicative method, theoretical generalization.Results consists in the deepening the theoretical and methodological analysis of categories of employment, recommendations on solving the problems of effective employment and overcome the negative effects of unemployment.Originality consists in the peculiarities of methodological analysis and practical projections on employment and unemployment.Conclusion Recent events in Ukraine that led to the loss of territories, military operations are conducted, show that the state shaking deep socio-economic and political problems. The critical state of the economy and politics does not resolve the problem of employment and fight unemployment. Without deep reforms in all spheres of economic and social life can not hope for positive changes in the life of the state and every Ukrainian.
RESEARCH ON ACUTE TOXICITY "CHONDROSUT" DRUGV. L. Karbovsky1, I. A. Shevchuk1, T. Ye. Makovska2, O. A. Makovskyi1LLC «Biofarma», Bila Tserkva1,Main Military Medical Hospital, Kyiv2Introduction. One of the most common locomotor system disease that is suffered, according to WHO data, by up to 80% of population aged 50-60 years, is osteoarthritis – a chronic degenerative-dystrophic arthropathy, which is characterized by a progressing articular cartilage degradation, epiphyse remodeling, osteophyte development and fixed joint deformity at the advanced stages of the disease. A characteristic feature of the cartilaginous destruction in osteoarthritis is the loss by the matrix of the superficial, intermediate and deep zones of glucosaminoglycans – chondroitin sulphate (CS), keratin sulphate, hyaluronic acid. Among the chondroprotective agents, glucosamine and CS have the highest degree of provability and reliability of results, and therefore it is timely to put into practice new chondroprotectors ofUkraine's production, containing glucosaminglycans. A successful development and introduction of the new drugs into medical practice require a thorough preclinical research. That is why the purpose of our study was to elucidate the safety of using solution for injections "Chondrosut" by LLC "Pharmaceutical plant "Biofarma" in experiments on animals.Study methods. Toxicological characteristics of drug "Chondrosut" under the condition of its single intraperitoneal administration in a dose of 1000mg/kg were studied on the white non-pedigree rats of both sexes, weighing 180-200g. Following the use of the substances, the animals were observed for 14 days. The effect of "Chondrosut" single administration was evaluated by the indicators as follows: general condition and behavior of the rats, lethality and dynamics of the body weight changes (days 0, 3, 7 and 14). Upon completion of the experiment, after the animals have been withdrawn from the experiment by euthanasia, a macroscopic inspection of the their internals was performed and their mass coefficients were calculated.Results and discussion. Following the intraperitoneal administration of drug "Chondrosut" no symptoms of intoxication in rats of both sexes were revealed: the animals were tidy, active, reacted to the photic and sound stimuli, the processes of uropoiesis and defecation were in the norm, respiratory impairments and convulsions were not observed, reflectory excitability was preserved. Water and food consumption in the experimental group did not differ from that in the control group. Throughout the whole observation period no deaths of the animals were registered. Both in the control and experimental rats the body weight increased relative to the baseline level and was within the limits of physiologic norm, i.e. the drug "Chondrosut" possesses no toxic properties capable of exerting a strong effect on the general trophic processes in the body. When inspecting the condition of indumentums, skin, mucous membranes of physiologic ostia, as well as microscopically evaluating the condition of internals during autopsy in rats receiving "Chondrosut", no signs of irritation, inflammation or other manifestation of pathologic processes were revealed. The experimental group of rats did not differ from the control one in the size, color, consistence and location of the internals. Mass coefficients of internals of the animals injected with "Chondrosut" did not have significant changes relative to those in the control animals.ConclusionsThe results of the studies point to the fact that LD50 for drug "Chondrosut" when administered intraperiotoneally to rats is beyond the limits of 1000mg/kg. According to toxicological classification of substances, drug "Chondrosut" belong to V class of toxicity – practically nontoxic substance.ReferencesVnutrishni hvoroby / Za red. I. M. Gandzhi, V. M. Kovalenka. – Kyi'v, Zdorov'ja, 2002. – 988 s.Doklinichni doslidzhennja likars'kyh zasobiv: metodychni rekomendacii' / Za red. O. V. Stefanova. – K.: Avicena, 2001. – 528 s.Kovalenko V. N. Osteoartroz: praktycheskoe rukovodstvo / V. N. Kovalenko, O. P. Bortkevych. – K.: Moryon, 2003. – 448 s.Kovalenko V. N. Osteoartroz. Praktychna nastanova / V. N. Kovalenko, O. P. Bortkevych. – 3-tje vyd., dopov., zi zminamy – K.: MORION., 2010. – 608 s.Nejko Je. M. Suchasni ujavlennja pro patogenez deformujuchogo osteoartrozu / Je. M. Nejko, I. Ju. Golovach // Ukr. revmatol. zhurnal. – 2000. – № 1. – S. 9-12.Nomenklatura, klasyfikacija, kryterii' diagnostyky ta programy likuvannja revmatychnyh hvorob /Za red. V. M. Kovalenka, N. V. Shuby. – Kyi'v, 2004. – 156 s.Rebrova O. Ju. Statystycheskyj analyz medycynskyh dannыh. Prymenenye paketa prykladnыh programm STATISTICA / O.Ju.Rebrova – 3-e yzd. – M.: MedyaSfera, 2006. – 312 s.Bruyere O. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate as therapeutic agents for knee and hip osteoarthritis / O. Bruyere, J. Y. Reginster // Drugs. Aging. – 2007. – V. 24(7). – P. 573-80.Kelly G. S. The role glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of degenerative joint disease / G. S. Kelly // Alt. Med. Rev. – 1998. – V.3 (1). - P. 27-39.EULAR evidence based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis / W. Zhang, M. Doherty, G. Peat [et al.] // Ann. Rheum. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 68, №13. – Р. 141.Uebelhart D. Clinical review of chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis / D. Uebelhart // Osteoarthritis Cartilage. – 2008. – V. 16, Suppl 3. – P. S19-21.
RESEARCH ON ACUTE TOXICITY "CHONDROSUT" DRUGV. L. Karbovsky1, I. A. Shevchuk1, T. Ye. Makovska2, O. A. Makovskyi1LLC «Biofarma», Bila Tserkva1,Main Military Medical Hospital, Kyiv2Introduction. One of the most common locomotor system disease that is suffered, according to WHO data, by up to 80% of population aged 50-60 years, is osteoarthritis – a chronic degenerative-dystrophic arthropathy, which is characterized by a progressing articular cartilage degradation, epiphyse remodeling, osteophyte development and fixed joint deformity at the advanced stages of the disease. A characteristic feature of the cartilaginous destruction in osteoarthritis is the loss by the matrix of the superficial, intermediate and deep zones of glucosaminoglycans – chondroitin sulphate (CS), keratin sulphate, hyaluronic acid. Among the chondroprotective agents, glucosamine and CS have the highest degree of provability and reliability of results, and therefore it is timely to put into practice new chondroprotectors ofUkraine's production, containing glucosaminglycans. A successful development and introduction of the new drugs into medical practice require a thorough preclinical research. That is why the purpose of our study was to elucidate the safety of using solution for injections "Chondrosut" by LLC "Pharmaceutical plant "Biofarma" in experiments on animals.Study methods. Toxicological characteristics of drug "Chondrosut" under the condition of its single intraperitoneal administration in a dose of 1000mg/kg were studied on the white non-pedigree rats of both sexes, weighing 180-200g. Following the use of the substances, the animals were observed for 14 days. The effect of "Chondrosut" single administration was evaluated by the indicators as follows: general condition and behavior of the rats, lethality and dynamics of the body weight changes (days 0, 3, 7 and 14). Upon completion of the experiment, after the animals have been withdrawn from the experiment by euthanasia, a macroscopic inspection of the their internals was performed and their mass coefficients were calculated.Results and discussion. Following the intraperitoneal administration of drug "Chondrosut" no symptoms of intoxication in rats of both sexes were revealed: the animals were tidy, active, reacted to the photic and sound stimuli, the processes of uropoiesis and defecation were in the norm, respiratory impairments and convulsions were not observed, reflectory excitability was preserved. Water and food consumption in the experimental group did not differ from that in the control group. Throughout the whole observation period no deaths of the animals were registered. Both in the control and experimental rats the body weight increased relative to the baseline level and was within the limits of physiologic norm, i.e. the drug "Chondrosut" possesses no toxic properties capable of exerting a strong effect on the general trophic processes in the body. When inspecting the condition of indumentums, skin, mucous membranes of physiologic ostia, as well as microscopically evaluating the condition of internals during autopsy in rats receiving "Chondrosut", no signs of irritation, inflammation or other manifestation of pathologic processes were revealed. The experimental group of rats did not differ from the control one in the size, color, consistence and location of the internals. Mass coefficients of internals of the animals injected with "Chondrosut" did not have significant changes relative to those in the control animals.ConclusionsThe results of the studies point to the fact that LD50 for drug "Chondrosut" when administered intraperiotoneally to rats is beyond the limits of 1000mg/kg. According to toxicological classification of substances, drug "Chondrosut" belong to V class of toxicity – practically nontoxic substance.ReferencesVnutrishni hvoroby / Za red. I. M. Gandzhi, V. M. Kovalenka. – Kyi'v, Zdorov'ja, 2002. – 988 s.Doklinichni doslidzhennja likars'kyh zasobiv: metodychni rekomendacii' / Za red. O. V. Stefanova. – K.: Avicena, 2001. – 528 s.Kovalenko V. N. Osteoartroz: praktycheskoe rukovodstvo / V. N. Kovalenko, O. P. Bortkevych. – K.: Moryon, 2003. – 448 s.Kovalenko V. N. Osteoartroz. Praktychna nastanova / V. N. Kovalenko, O. P. Bortkevych. – 3-tje vyd., dopov., zi zminamy – K.: MORION., 2010. – 608 s.Nejko Je. M. Suchasni ujavlennja pro patogenez deformujuchogo osteoartrozu / Je. M. Nejko, I. Ju. Golovach // Ukr. revmatol. zhurnal. – 2000. – № 1. – S. 9-12.Nomenklatura, klasyfikacija, kryterii' diagnostyky ta programy likuvannja revmatychnyh hvorob /Za red. V. M. Kovalenka, N. V. Shuby. – Kyi'v, 2004. – 156 s.Rebrova O. Ju. Statystycheskyj analyz medycynskyh dannыh. Prymenenye paketa prykladnыh programm STATISTICA / O.Ju.Rebrova – 3-e yzd. – M.: MedyaSfera, 2006. – 312 s.Bruyere O. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate as therapeutic agents for knee and hip osteoarthritis / O. Bruyere, J. Y. Reginster // Drugs. Aging. – 2007. – V. 24(7). – P. 573-80.Kelly G. S. The role glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of degenerative joint disease / G. S. Kelly // Alt. Med. Rev. – 1998. – V.3 (1). - P. 27-39.EULAR evidence based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis / W. Zhang, M. Doherty, G. Peat [et al.] // Ann. Rheum. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 68, №13. – Р. 141.Uebelhart D. Clinical review of chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis / D. Uebelhart // Osteoarthritis Cartilage. – 2008. – V. 16, Suppl 3. – P. S19-21.
Purpose of the study. The emergence of a new type of discourse, called media discourse. Мedia discourse is conditioned by the tendencies of internationalization and globalization, the development of modern telecommunication technologies in the world community. The problem of media discourse was widely discussed by Western scholars, in particular J. Orwell, T. van Dyke, and the interest in studying it and today does not diminish. Research methodology. In the proposed article a systematic and analytical approaches have been used, elements of systemic and structural research have been used to determine goals and strategies, and comparative and problem-chronological methods have been used to solve problems . The scientific novelty of the results consists in approbation of the scientific problem, namely, in the comprehensive research of journalistic investigation in contemporary media discourse, ground analysis of the direct journalistic investigation as one of the newest genres of modern convergent journalism. The practical task demonstrates the effectiveness of combating journalists in a democratic society. Conclusions. A journalistic investigation describes the entire spectrum of a systemic problem, rather than a single incident involving one person, reveals complex social issues, corruption, violations of the law, and abuse of power and information, previously unknown to the public for various reasons, or which are deliberately concealed. Considering the journalistic investigation as a method of journalist's work, it can be described as a synthetic one that combines all methods of collecting information by a journalist (observation, interviewing, document analysis), based on work with numerous sources, thorough analysis, comparisons, searches for contradictions and concealed information in order to make information public,it is of public interest. In the last decade, a network of investigative journalism centers and investigative journalists in the national and regional mass media, which forms professional ...
The concept of sustainability in fashion, having been developed on the basis of ecodesign concepts, takes an important place in scientific research all over the world. The aim of study is to analize and summarise foreign scientific researches about sustainability in fashion. The results were achieved by using methods of sources analysis, which refer to different research fields, in the context of sustainable fashion and their further synthesis according to areas. The main directions of research in each area were identified and summarized in the conclusions. There were considered basic concept definitions – sustainable fashion and the principles of sustainable design, which are used in modern scientific works of foreign researchers. The analysis of foreign scientific sources in the context of sustainable fashion was provided in areas of: economics, marketing, management; sociology and psychology of consumer behavior; ecology; technologies based on the principles of sustainable design; design; aesthetics and art history; education; legislation; information technology. The scientific value of study. For the first time the systematization of foreign research in the context of sustainable fashion was carried out. The conclusions are given after the analysis of each area, underlining the main directions of foreign scientists` research. Conclusions. Researchers from all over the world pay attention to the issues of sustainable fashion and explore problems of the integration of sustainable fashion into everyday life. Sustainable fashion sets up new values that actualize the issues of aesthetics of sustainable fashion in the theory of art history and design practice. However, it should be noted that the analized scientific works concerning fashion design in the context of sustainable fashion, do not reveal aspects of design related to the creative process and aesthetic perception. Sustainable fashion needs changes of existing design tools in the context of sustainable design principles. Therefore, there is a need for ...
The paper analyzes one of the broadest methodological problems in the development of the diverse social and sociological studies on various subjects of the Ukrainian society in the extrapolation of the territorial and geographical distribution of Ukraine – the criteria for its regionalization. The article provides major research difinitions and approaches concerning political and administrative division of regions. In the context of domestic conditions for regional differentiation, various research approaches on this issue and regionalization criteria are considered. The aim of the work is to justify the optimal approach and criterion of Ukraine regionalization in the social tension study context. The analysis of numerous scientific approaches suggests the optimal one to be a political and administrative division of regions within the study of social tension.
The subject of the research is the methodological foundations of the effective organization of state policy to stimulate scientific and technical activities and the introduction of innovations into the production processes of the real sector of the economy. The purpose of the study is to identify weaknesses in the state research and innovation sphere, formulate proposals for solving the problem of low productivity of the national economy. Results of work. Comparative analysis, logical–structural, analytical and systemic. The field of application of results. Economics and management of the national economy, methods and mechanisms of regulation of economic processes and their effectiveness. Conclusions. The system of state regulation of the scientific and innovative sphere in the Ukrainian economy has been created. It has legislative support, relevant executive authorities, but works with low efficiency. We need a transition to strategic planning of the country's development. It is also necessary to ensure long–term (more than 5 years) macroeconomic stability, full–fledged budget financing of science and innovation (from 2% of GDP), reporting and control of budget spending, a new level of program–targeted planning for the development of productive forces and the real sector of the economy, the formation of state demand for innovation for industry.
The article states that funding science and technology is an essential strategic task for countries wishing to join the European Community.The paper considers possible ways to achieve the sustainability of funding research studies in Ukraine through endowment. The dynamics of funding innovation and research activities in Ukraine between 2000 and 2016 is analyzed. A comparative analysis of growth rates of funding research studies in Ukraine and the EU is carried out. It is justified that funding research studies in Ukraine is unstable and insufficient. Therefore, it is proposed to use endowment to solve the outlined problems.The existing international practices of funding research through endowment are reviewed, and dynamics of the biggest investment funds in foreign universities is considered. The major factors of endowment funding for research studies in the USA are identified.The current state of endowment funding in Ukraine, its legislative framework and practical implementation are examined. In addition, peculiar features of funding research projects through endowment are systematized. It is found that the key functions of endowment funds are to ensure stability and flexibility of investing: endowments enable organizations to promptly respond to changes in the economic situation, incomes of research and development companies, and the social status of researchers, which is especially important in the context of significant reduction of public expenditures to science. Some of the major advantages of endowments for funding research studies are described. A set of tasks and peculiarities of performing endowment policy are outlined. Based on the existing international practices, some measures to be taken for enhancing endowment funds in Ukraine are suggested.It is shown that endowment as a tool of investment can be used not only for financing educational institutions, but also for funding research studies in Ukraine. The main advantage of using endowment is that it strengthens the independence of academic institutions and reduces reliance on external funding.
The article investigates the applied and theoretical aspect of the methodology of economic research of business entities in a modern competitive market. The concept of the subject and object of scientific research is established and four features of research objects are indicated. It is established that the method is a method of studying phenomena, which determines a systematic approach to the study of their scientific knowledge and the establishment of truth. The essence of the specifics of economic methodology is studied and the main methods of economic research using general scientific methods in economics are considered, including: method of hypothesis and forecasting, method of analogy and comparisons, methods of induction and deduction, static and dynamic, statistical and mathematical methods, method of computer processing, cumulative method of accumulation and application. The division of economic research into micro– and macro–levels is studied: political economy, macroeconomics, microeconomics, method of analysis and synthesis, methods of abstraction and concretization. Concrete–scientific (empirical) methods of scientific cognition are studied, they are: theoretical methods, formalization, axiomatization, hypothetical method, creation of theory. It is established that the methodological techniques by which specific scientific research is conducted are formed on the basis of general scientific methods and reflect the features of the science through which they are created. These are observation (approbation of substantiation of the put forward hypotheses or intermediate results of research with use of the axiomatized knowledge about object, and also practices of its functioning), experiment (scientifically set experiment according to the purpose of research for check of results of theoretical researches) and introduction of results of research. methodical methods of realization of results of scientific research in practical activity of people).
The crisis of the legitimacy of political power is inherent in the modern Ukrainian political process. As a result, the power elite is alienated from civil society, state institutions lose the trust and support of the population. We could already observe the culmination of delegitimation processes and the consequences, to which they lead to during the revolutionary events of 2004 and 2013-2014 in Ukraine. Currently, there are tendencies to further aggravate the political crisis and radicalize the manifestations of popular discontent. Under such conditions, a need to develop theoretical recommendations and technologies of an applied nature appears that could ensure the controllability of legitimation and delegitimization processes, and make their consequences predictable. Despite the large number of works that are devoted to the exploring of political technologies, the technologies of delegitimization of political power is often overlooked by scientists. It should be noted that the state of crisis of the legitimacy of political power requires a deeper study of the impact of delegitimization technologies on the political institutions of society. The analysis of research of problems of legitimacy of the political power in works of foreign and Ukrainian scientists is carried out; the modern scientific approaches to development of a problem field of research are generalized in the article. The author developed a categorical apparatus that can be used in the research of the delegitimization process and political technologies, which are used by specialists for purposeful management of this process: the already existing definitions of concepts were clarified and the definitions of previously unexplored categories were offered. In accordance with the tasks, the essence of the concepts are revealed: power, presidential power, legitimacy, illegitimate state, delegitimization, political technologies, technologies of delegitimization of presidential power.
The article was devoted to the methodology of the research of political elites. The concepts of the political elite and political class were analyzed. The interpretation of the political elite in the frames of value-based and structural - functional approaches was outlined and its lineament as a group that rule the society was presented. The methods of research of the political elite and the political class were described. Keywords: the political elite, the political class, a power, the value-based approach, the structural – functional approach, the positional analysis, a reputational method of analysis of making strategic decisions. ; Стаття присвячена методології дослідження політичної еліти. Проаналізовано поняття «політична еліта», «політичний клас». Розглянуто теорії політичної еліти, які сформувалися в рамках ціннісного, та структурно-функціонального підходів до її інтерпретації. Визначено основні риси політичної еліти як групи, що здійснює управління суспільством. Охарактеризовані методи дослідження політичної еліти, зокрема метод позиційного аналізу; репутаційний, аналізу прийняття стратегічних рішень (концептуальний). Ключові слова: політична еліта, політичний клас, влада, ціннісний підхід, структурно-функціональний підхід, позиційний аналіз, репутаційний метод, метод аналізу прийняття стратегічних рішень.