Suchergebnisse

Przypadek Polski doskonale pokazuje skalę rozbieżności pomiędzy badaczami, którzy z jednej strony krytykują specyficzny charakter polskiej wersji podziału lewica–prawica, a z drugiej strony dostrzegają jednak jego ważną rolę w procesie samoidentyfikacji aktorów politycznych i społecznych oraz zdolność do porządkowania życia politycznego – partie definiują się w określony sposób, a wyborcy trafnie owo pozycjonowanie rozpoznają i w oparciu o nie podejmują decyzje wyborcze.Celem niniejszego artykułu jest sproblematyzowanie owych rozbieżności w dwojaki sposób. Po pierwsze, poprzez ukazanie, iż u genezy tego "problemu" tkwią założenia związane z teorią racjonalnego wyboru. To pozytywistyczna ontologia oraz epistemologia leżące u podstaw paradygmatu racjonalnego wyboru pozwoliły na sformułowanie problemu, który z perspektywy podejść interpretatywnych byłby raczej nieodłączną częścią życia politycznego. Po wtóre, poprzez zastosowanie do badaniapodziału lewicowo-prawicowego założeń konstruktywizmu w celu zbadania roli, jakie pełni omawiana dychotomia w procesach komunikowania i konstruowania porządku politycznego. ; The case of Poland perfectly illustrates the scale of discrepancies between researchers who, on the one hand, criticize the specific nature of the Polish version of the left-right split, but on the other emphasize its important role in the process of identifying political and social actors and the ability of dichotomy to organize political life. Political actors define themselves in a specific way, allowing voters to recognize these acts of self-positioning and rely on them to make electoral decisions. The purpose of this paper is to problematize these divergences in two ways. First, by showing that the origin of this 'problem' lies in the assumptions underlying the theory of rational choice. It is claimed that it is the positivist ontology and epistemology underlying the paradigm of rational choice that produced 'the problem', which – from the perspective of interpretative approaches – constitutes an inherent part of political life. Secondly, by applying the assumptions of constructivism to the study of the left-right division in order to investigate the role of dichotomy in the political communication processes and construction of political order.

Przypadek Polski doskonale pokazuje skalę rozbieżności pomiędzy badaczami, którzy z jednej strony krytykują specyficzny charakter polskiej wersji podziału lewica–prawica, a z drugiej strony dostrzegają jednak jego ważną rolę w procesie samoidentyfikacji aktorów politycznych i społecznych oraz zdolność do porządkowania życia politycznego – partie definiują się w określony sposób, a wyborcy trafnie owo pozycjonowanie rozpoznają i w oparciu o nie podejmują decyzje wyborcze. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest sproblematyzowanie owych rozbieżności w dwojaki sposób. Po pierwsze, poprzez ukazanie, iż u genezy tego "problemu" tkwią założenia związane z teorią racjonalnego wyboru. To pozytywistyczna ontologia oraz epistemologia leżące u podstaw paradygmatu racjonalnego wyboru pozwoliły na sformułowanie problemu, który z perspektywy podejść interpretatywnych byłby raczej nieodłączną częścią życia politycznego. Po wtóre, poprzez zastosowanie do badania podziału lewicowo-prawicowego założeń konstruktywizmu w celu zbadania roli, jakie pełni omawiana dychotomia w procesach komunikowania i konstruowania porządku politycznego ; The case of Poland perfectly illustrates the scale of discrepancies between researchers who, on the one hand, criticize the specific nature of the Polish version of the left-right split, but on the other emphasize its important role in the process of identifying political and social actors and the ability of dichotomy to organize political life. Political actors define themselves in a specific way, allowing voters to recognize these acts of self-positioning and rely on them to make electoral decisions. The purpose of this paper is to problematize these divergences in two ways. First, by showing that the origin of this 'problem' lies in the assumptions underlying the theory of rational choice. It is claimed that it is the positivist ontology and epistemology underlying the paradigm of rational choice that produced 'the problem', which – from the perspective of interpretative approaches – constitutes an inherent part of political life. Secondly, by applying the assumptions of constructivism to the study of the left-right division in order to investigate the role of dichotomy in the political communication processes and construction of political order.

This article describes why the Polish government has pushed for an invocation to Christian traditions in the European Union Constitution. It is ar- gued that this is a rather 'unfortunate' outcome of the political alliance between the Catholic Church and the Polish left, especially between President Alek- sander Kwas ́niewski and the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD). This alliance al- lowed the SLD to legitimize their rule in the post-socialist Poland, and it was a result of a political competition between them and the post-Solidarnos ́c ́ elites. As a result, John Paul II became the central integrative metaphor for the Polish society at large, which brought back in the marginalized as well as allowed the transition establishment to win the EU accession referendum in 2003. The arti- cle (which was written when Leszek Miller was still Prime Minister) demon- strates how this alliance crystallized and presents various elements of the cult of the Pope in Poland that followed. Finally, it argues that the worship of the Pope is not an example of nationalism, but of populism, understood not as a peripheral but as a central political force, and advocates for more research on the 'politics of emotions' at work in the centers and not in peripheries.

The research objective of this paper is to analyse European programmes of the right wing, populist Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and the left wing, populist German Left Party (Die Linke), to present their 2014 election campaigns for the European Parliament, and also to assess the activities undertaken by Members of the European Parliament of these political groups on the forum of the eighth EP. The reflections presented in this work were divided into four parts. First, the analysis of a large body of literature referring to populism is made and selected concepts for indicating the characteristic features of populist groups are proposed. Next, the European programmes of the Freedom Party of Austria and the German Left party are analysed. Then, the main subjects around which the political campaign to the EP of right- and left-wing populists was concentrated are indicated. In the third part, the analysis covers the EP election results and the voter support gained by the respective groups in relation to previous European elections in which both populist groups participated. Finally, the fourth part of the paper lists the areas of ac- tivities and the tools for parliamentary work used by the MEPs from FPÖ and the Left Party, including an assessment of their influence on the policy of the current EP. ; The research objective of this paper is to analyse European programmes of the right wing, populist Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and the left wing, populist German Left Party (Die Linke), to present their 2014 election campaigns for the European Parliament, and also to assess the activities undertaken by Members of the European Parliament of these political groups on the forum of the eighth EP. The reflections presented in this work were divided into four parts. First, the analysis of a large body of literature referring to populism is made and selected concepts for indicating the characteristic features of populist groups are proposed. Next, the European programmes of the Freedom Party of Austria and the German Left party are analysed. Then, the main subjects around which the political campaign to the EP of right- and left-wing populists was concentrated are indicated. In the third part, the analysis covers the EP election results and the voter support gained by the respective groups in relation to previous European elections in which both populist groups participated. Finally, the fourth part of the paper lists the areas of ac- tivities and the tools for parliamentary work used by the MEPs from FPÖ and the Left Party, including an assessment of their influence on the policy of the current EP.

Celem badawczym artykułu jest analiza programów europejskich populistycznej prawicowo-radykalnej Wolnościowej Partii Austrii (FPO) oraz populistycznej lewicowo-radykalnej Partii Lewicy (Die Linke), ukazanie ich kampanii wyborczej do Parlamentu Europejskiego z 2014 roku, a także ocena form aktywności eurodeputowanych z tych ugrupowań na forum PE VIII kadencji. Podejmowane w pracy rozważania podzielono na cztery części, w pierwszej kolejności dokonano analizy bogatej literatury przedmiotu dotyczącej populizmu oraz zaproponowano wykorzystanie wybranych koncepcji do wskazania cech charakterystycznych dla ugrupowań populistycznych. Następnie przeanalizowano aktualne programy europejskie Wolnościowej Partii Austrii i Partii Lewicy oraz wskazano główne tematy, wokół których koncentrowała się kampania wyborcza do PE prawicowych i lewicowych populistów. W trzeciej części analiza objęła wyniki wyborów do PE oraz uzyskane przez ugrupowania poparcie, w odniesieniu do wcześniejszych europejskich elekcji, w których uczestniczyły obie badane partie populistyczne. W ostatniej czwartej części artykułu przedstawione zostały dziedziny aktywności oraz narzędzia pracy parlamentarnej, z których korzystają eurodeputowani z FPO i Partii Lewicy wraz z oceną wpływu na politykę Parlamentu Europejskiego VIII kadencji. ; The research objective of this paper is to analyse European programmes of the right wing, populist Freedom Party of Austria (FPO) and the left wing, populist German Left Party (Die Linke), to present their 2014 election campaigns for the European Parliament, and also to assess the activities undertaken by Members of the European Parliament of these political groups on the forum of the eighth EP. The reflections presented in this work were divided into four parts. First, the analysis of a large body of literature referring to populism is made and selected concepts for indicating the characteristic features of populist groups are proposed. Next, the European programmes of the Freedom Party of Austria and the German Left party are analysed. Then, the main subjects around which the political campaign to the EP of right and left-wing populists was concentrated are indicated. In the third part, the analysis covers the EP election results and the voter support gained by the respective groups in relation to previous European elections in which both populist groups participated. Finally, the fourth part of the paper lists the areas of activities and the tools for parliamentary work used by the MEPs from FPO and the Left Party, including an assessment of their influence on the policy of the current EP.

The article analyses two dramas by Jarosław Jakubowski: Dożynki and Nowy Legion (New legion), which their author designed as attempts at updating the political frame of Mickiewicz's Dziady (Forefathers' Eve), (especially 'Warsaw salon'), read in the context of the 'Smoleńsk romanticism.' The right-wing approach to Mickiewicz's archdrama offers a diagnosis of the social and political divide ('two Poland') in the aspect of the clash between two worldviews: left-wing and liberal versus right-wing. Mickiewicz's authority is supposed to strengthen the right-wing diagnoses, hence it is easy to spot the numerous attempts at instrumental and anachronic reading of the romantic legacy. At the same time, the analysed dramas show the importance and the textual and ideological productivity of the romantic paradigm. ; The article analyses two dramas by Jarosław Jakubowski: Dożynki and Nowy Legion (New legion), which their author designed as attempts at updating the political frame of Mickiewicz's Dziady (Forefathers' Eve), (especially 'Warsaw salon'), read in the context of the 'Smoleńsk romanticism.' The right-wing approach to Mickiewicz's archdrama offers a diagnosis of the social and political divide ('two Poland') in the aspect of the clash between two worldviews: left-wing and liberal versus right-wing. Mickiewicz's authority is supposed to strengthen the right-wing diagnoses, hence it is easy to spot the numerous attempts at instrumental and anachronic reading of the romantic legacy. At the same time, the analysed dramas show the importance and the textual and ideological productivity of the romantic paradigm.

Adjusting the legal status, and support policies for migrant workers is an issue on the agenda of international institutions for nearly a hundred years. The first efforts to protect foreign workers have been taken during the first session of the International Labour Conference in 1919. In the following decades ILO activities has led to the preparation of three international documents concerning this issue (non-binding ILO Convention No. 66 in 1939, and Convention No. 97 of 1949, and No. 143 of 1975). For many decades, the problem of the protection and assistance of migrant workers' rights was considered as a narrow issue of international labor law. Codification efforts, undertaken during seventies, has led to the adaptation of the UN document (International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families) in 1990, and inclusion this issue into more general area of international human rights law. Despite this fact, and the existence of several categories of documents concerning migrant workers within Council of Europe, the European Union, and even ASEAN, the protection of migrant workers has never been effectively functioning system. The aim of this article is the analysis of the codification of that issue, and the main obstacles to consensus on the protection of migrant workers' rights. The state parties of the UN Convention contains primarily countries of origin of migrants (such as Mexico, Morocco and the Philippines). It seems, therefore, that despite 46 ratifications the, UN convention does not have a global character, and activities of its monitoring body (Committee on Migrant Workers-CMW) reflects primarily demands of sending countries. The article closely examines particularly controversial provisions of the ILO and UN documents from the point of view of current labour migrations and policies of sending and host countries.

The article presents issues related to the occurrence of political risk in local government in Poland. It will attempt to identify the symptoms to demonstrate the possibility of a political budget cycle in local government units. On the basis of budgetary data an empirical analysis of local governments will be carried out, with a particular emphasis on debt levels, capital expenditures, and a result of the budget in the years of local elections and pre-election periods. The presented research results cover all categories of local government units, i.e., municipalities, cities with poviat rights, poviats, and voivodships. The time range of the analysis is 2003-2019. The empirical part is preceded by a literature review, both in terms of the election cycle and the risk related to local debt management. The adopted structure of the article allows obtaining an answer to the question of whether there is a political risk in the surveyed entities.

During the celebration of the 65th anniversary of the Fifth Republic, the longevity and vitality of the Constitution was explained by its ability to adapt to all political situations, such as the alternation of right and left or cohabitation. The fundamental issue highlighted by the authors of the study is to guarantee the continuity of public policies and thus the effectiveness of public action. They show the evolution of institutions, the nuances of political practices, raise numerous questions, but do not question the legitimacy of maintaining France's system under the Fifth Republic.

This book explores the issue of development-induced population displacement from the point of view of development studies and development ethics. Based on an ethical approach, specifies the measures to minimize the problems of displaced persons and strengthening their participation as a beneficiaries of development projects. The book combines a thorough examination of the most important causes of involuntary population resettlement with numerous references to ethical and social aspects of this problem. Ethical considerations have become a starting point for the analysis of the decision-making process in the most spectacular cases of development-induced displacement and resettlement, associated, inter alia, with the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Project on the Narmada River, and the Kariba Dam on the Zambezi River. In addition to the groundbreaking theoretical approach to the problem, the significant advantage of the book is to draw attention to the lesser-known causes of displacement and notable historical considerations. The interdisciplinary nature of the study is reflected in the application of ethical approach as a point of reference for considerations on the basis of development studies, decision-making mechanisms and legal framework for resettlement planning, defining the responsibilities and the nature of the displaced (DIDPs) and affected (PAPs) communities (rights-based approach).

The aim of the article was to define the attitude of Polish parliamentary political parties towards the issue of climate change in the years 2005–2019. Discourse Network Analysis, used in the study, allowed to identify the most frequently co-occurring concepts expressed by different parties over the past fifteen years, as well as, to present the affiliation networks between the parties. The postulates regarding climate policy proposed by Polish election committees were gradually modified in the analyzed period. The gradual convergence of pro-climate positions of Polish parliamentary parties is visible over time, while the structure of anti-climate positions becoming less coherent. However, there is still a visible difference in the approach to climate protection between the centrist and left-wing parties and those identifying themselves as right-wing.

Poland's natural gas supplies dependence from the Russian Federation was negatively assessed by Polish political groups. Politicians from many parties raised validity of building a diversified import structure of this commodity, and an important concept, which was considered over the years, was energy cooperation with Norway. The aim of the article is therefore to analyze the political thought of the Democratic Left Alliance and the Polish People's Party parties in the construction of the Baltic Pipe gas pipeline. The main research paradigm used in the text was the analysis of testimonies and traces of political thought. Taking up the topic was important due to the lack of studies in which we can find the results of original studies on the position of political parties in the context of building this pipeline. ; Uzależnienie Polski od dostaw gazu ziemnego z Federacji Rosyjskiej było negatywnie oceniane przez polskie ugrupowania polityczne. Politycy wielu partii podnosili zasadność budowy zróżnicowanej struktury importu tego surowca, a ważną, rozważaną przez lata koncepcją energetyczną była współpraca z Norwegią. Celem artykułu jest analiza myśli politycznej Sojuszu Lewicy Demokratycznej oraz Polskiego Stronnictwa Ludowego w odniesieniu do budowy gazociągu Baltic Pipe. Główny paradygmat badawczy, zastosowany w tekście, stanowi analiza świadectw i śladów myśli politycznej. Podjęcie badanego tematu było istotne z uwagi na brak opracowań, w których można znaleźć efekty autorskich studiów dotyczących stanowiska partii politycznych w kontekście budowy tego gazociągu.

Główna hipoteza badawcza postawiona w artykule brzmi: postulatyprogramowe (wyborcze) partii PiS, PO i ZL, miały decydujący wpływ na sukces wyborczy tych partii w wyborach parlamentarnych w Polsce w 2015 roku. Celem autora była charakterystyka programów wyborczych prawicowych i lewicowych partii oraz koalicji wyborczych przed wyborami parlamentarnymi w 2015 r. Scharakteryzowane zostały programy wyborcze poszczególnych komitetów wyborczych. W artykulepodjęto próbę charakterystyki partii politycznych posiadających największy potencjał wyborczy i reprezentujących główne nurty ideowe w Polsce: konserwatywny, liberalny oraz socjaldemokratyczny. Tekst ma charakter interdyscyplinarny, problem badawczy został przeanalizowany z perspektywy politologicznej, socjologicznej i filozoficznej. Weryfikując hipotezę postawioną w pracy, zauważono, iż występuje dużeprawdopodobieństwo, że to właśnie (socjalny) program wyborczy partii PiS, miał kluczowy wpływ na jej wynik wyborczy. Próba odpowiedzi na postawione pytanie badawcze może wnieść istotny wkład w dalsze badanie procesu rywalizacji wyborczej partii politycznych w Polsce. ; The main research hypothesis of the article is as follows: the postulates of th electoral manifestos of the Law and Justice (PiS), Civic Platform (PO) and United Left (ZL) parties had a crucial impact on their success or failure in the 2015 parliamentary elections in Poland. The manifesto of each party is briefly described here.Owing to the interdisciplinary nature of the text, it applies political, sociological and philosophical approaches. During the verification of the main hypothesis it turns out that both PiS and PO emphasized social issues (mainly of economic character) during their electoral campaigns. This common factor was a feature distinguishing these two parties from the others during the elections. It can be assumed, with a fair degree of probability, that this was a key factor in the victory of PiS. The article attempts tospecify the underlying ideological currents of political parties in Poland in 2015 (Conservatives, Liberals, Socialists). The analysis may contribute to the further investigation of rivalry in the electoral process in Poland.