Suchergebnisse

Zsfassung in engl. Sprache

The master thesis "Reform of the Civil Procedure law in Russia 1990 – 2010" is aimed at analysing the assumptions for the civil procedure law reform, identifying the steps according to which the reform has been carried out, their trends and essential features. Even before the entry into force of the Code of Civil Procedure of Russian Federation, major changes and additions were made in the Code of Civil Procedure that was in force in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. After entry into force of the Code of Civil Procedure of Russian Federation became effective in 2003, the law reform of the civil procedure is continued in accordance with the concept mixed (liberal civil procedure law and schools of the social civil law). Despite the fact that the Russians are a form of civil procedure extended through several stages, the differentiation of the forms of procedure was established, disposition and adversarial principles were developed, there was an active court and the activation of the parties – these are the main trends according to which the reform was carried out. The paper attempts to assess the legislator's position, based on the analysis only got at, as well as to highlight the assumed problems.

The master thesis "Reform of the Civil Procedure law in Russia 1990 – 2010" is aimed at analysing the assumptions for the civil procedure law reform, identifying the steps according to which the reform has been carried out, their trends and essential features. Even before the entry into force of the Code of Civil Procedure of Russian Federation, major changes and additions were made in the Code of Civil Procedure that was in force in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. After entry into force of the Code of Civil Procedure of Russian Federation became effective in 2003, the law reform of the civil procedure is continued in accordance with the concept mixed (liberal civil procedure law and schools of the social civil law). Despite the fact that the Russians are a form of civil procedure extended through several stages, the differentiation of the forms of procedure was established, disposition and adversarial principles were developed, there was an active court and the activation of the parties – these are the main trends according to which the reform was carried out. The paper attempts to assess the legislator's position, based on the analysis only got at, as well as to highlight the assumed problems.

In solving the problem of preserving its sovereignty and assurances of connection with Kaliningrad, Moscow turned that Oblast into a geopolitical hostage - a territory that it received as the spoils of war in the process of cession whereby it is sought not only to maintain (the internal aspect) but also to force other countries or international institutions to carry out or abstain from carrying out any act as direct or indirect liberation of the hostage (the external aspect). Due to the specific situation of the Kaliningrad Oblast (the Potsdam train, geographical position, social-economic factors) it is the interior aspect that might be of more significance to Moscow, which is officially "covered" by the exterior one. Formally Moscow does not oppose, and even encourages that the Kaliningrad Oblast should be treated as a specific, unique region of Russia. However, in practice it does not allow this peculiarity to manifest itself. In this way it seeks to stimulate and maintain the Stockholm syndrome in the Oblast - the residents of Kaliningrad themselves must put up with the status of an ordinary Russian region. In the article are presented concrete cases revealing how this mechanism of a Russian hostage functions in political practice: by involving the Kaliningrad exclave into the "high politics" to create the air of its peculiarity, and at the level of the "low politics, though keeping alive hopes of peculiarity in the exclave, by preventing them from being realised in. [to full text]

In solving the problem of preserving its sovereignty and assurances of connection with Kaliningrad, Moscow turned that Oblast into a geopolitical hostage - a territory that it received as the spoils of war in the process of cession whereby it is sought not only to maintain (the internal aspect) but also to force other countries or international institutions to carry out or abstain from carrying out any act as direct or indirect liberation of the hostage (the external aspect). Due to the specific situation of the Kaliningrad Oblast (the Potsdam train, geographical position, social-economic factors) it is the interior aspect that might be of more significance to Moscow, which is officially "covered" by the exterior one. Formally Moscow does not oppose, and even encourages that the Kaliningrad Oblast should be treated as a specific, unique region of Russia. However, in practice it does not allow this peculiarity to manifest itself. In this way it seeks to stimulate and maintain the Stockholm syndrome in the Oblast - the residents of Kaliningrad themselves must put up with the status of an ordinary Russian region. In the article are presented concrete cases revealing how this mechanism of a Russian hostage functions in political practice: by involving the Kaliningrad exclave into the "high politics" to create the air of its peculiarity, and at the level of the "low politics, though keeping alive hopes of peculiarity in the exclave, by preventing them from being realised in. [to full text]

In solving the problem of preserving its sovereignty and assurances of connection with Kaliningrad, Moscow turned that Oblast into a geopolitical hostage - a territory that it received as the spoils of war in the process of cession whereby it is sought not only to maintain (the internal aspect) but also to force other countries or international institutions to carry out or abstain from carrying out any act as direct or indirect liberation of the hostage (the external aspect). Due to the specific situation of the Kaliningrad Oblast (the Potsdam train, geographical position, social-economic factors) it is the interior aspect that might be of more significance to Moscow, which is officially "covered" by the exterior one. Formally Moscow does not oppose, and even encourages that the Kaliningrad Oblast should be treated as a specific, unique region of Russia. However, in practice it does not allow this peculiarity to manifest itself. In this way it seeks to stimulate and maintain the Stockholm syndrome in the Oblast - the residents of Kaliningrad themselves must put up with the status of an ordinary Russian region. In the article are presented concrete cases revealing how this mechanism of a Russian hostage functions in political practice: by involving the Kaliningrad exclave into the "high politics" to create the air of its peculiarity, and at the level of the "low politics, though keeping alive hopes of peculiarity in the exclave, by preventing them from being realised in. [to full text]

In solving the problem of preserving its sovereignty and assurances of connection with Kaliningrad, Moscow turned that Oblast into a geopolitical hostage - a territory that it received as the spoils of war in the process of cession whereby it is sought not only to maintain (the internal aspect) but also to force other countries or international institutions to carry out or abstain from carrying out any act as direct or indirect liberation of the hostage (the external aspect). Due to the specific situation of the Kaliningrad Oblast (the Potsdam train, geographical position, social-economic factors) it is the interior aspect that might be of more significance to Moscow, which is officially "covered" by the exterior one. Formally Moscow does not oppose, and even encourages that the Kaliningrad Oblast should be treated as a specific, unique region of Russia. However, in practice it does not allow this peculiarity to manifest itself. In this way it seeks to stimulate and maintain the Stockholm syndrome in the Oblast - the residents of Kaliningrad themselves must put up with the status of an ordinary Russian region. In the article are presented concrete cases revealing how this mechanism of a Russian hostage functions in political practice: by involving the Kaliningrad exclave into the "high politics" to create the air of its peculiarity, and at the level of the "low politics, though keeping alive hopes of peculiarity in the exclave, by preventing them from being realised in. [to full text]

Safety and Health Guarantees of Employees in Lithuania and Russia Summary Employee's safety and health guarantees, consolidated in the international law acts, Lithuanian Republic's law and Russian Federation's law sources, were studied/researched in the master's work. The aim of this work is to evaluate, traverse and sort out employee's safety and health guarantees in the international law sources of Lithuanian Republic and Russian Federation. The principal/key goals are to unfold and define the concept of employee's safety and health guarantee; to evaluate and sort out employee's safety and health guarantees in Lithuanian Republic and in Russian Federation; to evaluate and sort out employee's safety and health guarantees consolidated in the international law sources; to evaluate how employee safety and health guarantees differ and how they are alike in Lithuanian Republic and in Russian Federation; to traverse employee's safety and health guarantees ensuring institutions and their functions in the employee's safety and health field. In summarizing this final master's work it is necessary to note that employee's safety and health guarantees are fairly ensured in Lithuanian Republic's and Russian Federation's law system. Significance of these guarantees is seen in the fact that they are consolidated in the supreme national law acts of Lithuanian Republic's and Russian Federation's constitutions, in this way ascribing them to constitutional. It is possible to draw inferences from traversing employee's safety and health guarantees that: 1. It is possible to define the concept of employee's safety and health guarantee as: employee's safety and health guarantee is the system of appropriate (juridical, economical, etc.) conditions, means, methods, manners and principles, which provides for each and all equal possibilities to implement their rights and liberties in the employee's safety and health field. 2. It is possible to sort out the kinds of employee's safety and health guarantees in Lithuanian Republic and Russian Federation according to: a) kinds of safety and health guarantees according to in what law sources they are consolidated (countries' constitutions, international law acts, work codes, legislations, sublegislative law acts); b) safety and health guarantees according to what subjects they are being applied (guarantees are applied to individuals up to 18 years, disabled people, pregnant women, recently given birth and breastfeeding mothers); c) social, economical, and organizational employee's safety and health guarantees. 3. National and independent guarantee ensuring subjects are participating in the securing of employee's safety and health guarantees. The Executive Branch institutions navigating the control of safety and health at work place are ascribed to the national safety and health guarantees ensuring subjects. Labor unions and their established regulatory institutions navigating the social control of safety and health at work place are ascribed to the independent subjects.

Safety and Health Guarantees of Employees in Lithuania and Russia Summary Employee's safety and health guarantees, consolidated in the international law acts, Lithuanian Republic's law and Russian Federation's law sources, were studied/researched in the master's work. The aim of this work is to evaluate, traverse and sort out employee's safety and health guarantees in the international law sources of Lithuanian Republic and Russian Federation. The principal/key goals are to unfold and define the concept of employee's safety and health guarantee; to evaluate and sort out employee's safety and health guarantees in Lithuanian Republic and in Russian Federation; to evaluate and sort out employee's safety and health guarantees consolidated in the international law sources; to evaluate how employee safety and health guarantees differ and how they are alike in Lithuanian Republic and in Russian Federation; to traverse employee's safety and health guarantees ensuring institutions and their functions in the employee's safety and health field. In summarizing this final master's work it is necessary to note that employee's safety and health guarantees are fairly ensured in Lithuanian Republic's and Russian Federation's law system. Significance of these guarantees is seen in the fact that they are consolidated in the supreme national law acts of Lithuanian Republic's and Russian Federation's constitutions, in this way ascribing them to constitutional. It is possible to draw inferences from traversing employee's safety and health guarantees that: 1. It is possible to define the concept of employee's safety and health guarantee as: employee's safety and health guarantee is the system of appropriate (juridical, economical, etc.) conditions, means, methods, manners and principles, which provides for each and all equal possibilities to implement their rights and liberties in the employee's safety and health field. 2. It is possible to sort out the kinds of employee's safety and health guarantees in Lithuanian Republic and Russian Federation according to: a) kinds of safety and health guarantees according to in what law sources they are consolidated (countries' constitutions, international law acts, work codes, legislations, sublegislative law acts); b) safety and health guarantees according to what subjects they are being applied (guarantees are applied to individuals up to 18 years, disabled people, pregnant women, recently given birth and breastfeeding mothers); c) social, economical, and organizational employee's safety and health guarantees. 3. National and independent guarantee ensuring subjects are participating in the securing of employee's safety and health guarantees. The Executive Branch institutions navigating the control of safety and health at work place are ascribed to the national safety and health guarantees ensuring subjects. Labor unions and their established regulatory institutions navigating the social control of safety and health at work place are ascribed to the independent subjects.

Safety and Health Guarantees of Employees in Lithuania and Russia Summary Employee's safety and health guarantees, consolidated in the international law acts, Lithuanian Republic's law and Russian Federation's law sources, were studied/researched in the master's work. The aim of this work is to evaluate, traverse and sort out employee's safety and health guarantees in the international law sources of Lithuanian Republic and Russian Federation. The principal/key goals are to unfold and define the concept of employee's safety and health guarantee; to evaluate and sort out employee's safety and health guarantees in Lithuanian Republic and in Russian Federation; to evaluate and sort out employee's safety and health guarantees consolidated in the international law sources; to evaluate how employee safety and health guarantees differ and how they are alike in Lithuanian Republic and in Russian Federation; to traverse employee's safety and health guarantees ensuring institutions and their functions in the employee's safety and health field. In summarizing this final master's work it is necessary to note that employee's safety and health guarantees are fairly ensured in Lithuanian Republic's and Russian Federation's law system. Significance of these guarantees is seen in the fact that they are consolidated in the supreme national law acts of Lithuanian Republic's and Russian Federation's constitutions, in this way ascribing them to constitutional. It is possible to draw inferences from traversing employee's safety and health guarantees that: 1. It is possible to define the concept of employee's safety and health guarantee as: employee's safety and health guarantee is the system of appropriate (juridical, economical, etc.) conditions, means, methods, manners and principles, which provides for each and all equal possibilities to implement their rights and liberties in the employee's safety and health field. 2. It is possible to sort out the kinds of employee's safety and health guarantees in Lithuanian Republic and Russian Federation according to: a) kinds of safety and health guarantees according to in what law sources they are consolidated (countries' constitutions, international law acts, work codes, legislations, sublegislative law acts); b) safety and health guarantees according to what subjects they are being applied (guarantees are applied to individuals up to 18 years, disabled people, pregnant women, recently given birth and breastfeeding mothers); c) social, economical, and organizational employee's safety and health guarantees. 3. National and independent guarantee ensuring subjects are participating in the securing of employee's safety and health guarantees. The Executive Branch institutions navigating the control of safety and health at work place are ascribed to the national safety and health guarantees ensuring subjects. Labor unions and their established regulatory institutions navigating the social control of safety and health at work place are ascribed to the independent subjects.