Suchergebnisse

Explores processes leading to democratization in post-communist Poland and Hungary and to unsuccessful transition in Russia.

Russian policy toward the post-Soviet countries is inconsistent and lack coordination and the revolutions in Georgia and Ukraine appear to be a defeat for Russia. Anti-Russian bias exists in these countries alongside calls for economic assistance. Many support fueling a confrontation between Russia and the West over their allegiance. Russian policy for the post-Soviet space needs to include concrete integration projects rather than just statements of friendship. It would be in Russia's interest to develop an energy bloc without going as far as a union, as in the European Union. It is also in Russia's interest to promote democracy in the former southern provinces.

Relevance. Further to the postindustrial transition and the Forth Industrial revolution challenges operating nowadays in the world the Russian federation leaders task the nation to provide intensive innovation development of the economy and society with the effective administration of the process. The fulfillment requires toapply to such a praxis in the developed economies with the advanced manufacturing. Research object. The paper provides the analysis of the innovative activity indicators systems of the three developed economies leading in the world for a long time in manufacturing as well as in the novelties production and commercialization spheres, i.e. USA, Japan and Germany. Herewith the main principles of the systems' formulation, bases to select their particular indicators has been determined, the element composition analyzed and their structures compared. Methods. To solve the task various research instruments have been applied: the system analysis, the content analysis, the comparative one and others. The institutional and evolutional theories and the modern political-economic approaches constituted the methodological basis of the research. Results. The operation of the research facilitated the determination of the perspective approaches to form the systems of innovation activity indicators there to be applied and?\?or adapted in Russia and the recommendation to make use of these. The comparative analysis realized manifested different variants of the system' structures with such bases and facilitated the elaboration their typology further to the modes of the indicators' grouping, their factors of influence and the presence?\?absence of the synthesizing indicator. The conclusions served for the recommendations to use some principles and methods of the foreign systems of innovation activity indicators' constitution. Prospects. The immediate perspective of the research realized if the practical application of the deductions made, the theoretical conceptualization of the results obtained and the determination of the opportunities the systems to refine further on. ; Актуальность. В условиях начинающихся постиндустриального перехода и четвертой промышленной революции Российской Федерации необходимо интенсивное инновационное развитие экономики и эффективное управления этим процессом. Целесообразно использовать практический опыт такого руководства в развитых странах, где обрабатывающая промышленность достигла высокого уровня развития. Предмет исследования. В статье проанализированы системы показателей инновационной деятельности, используемые в США, Японии и Германии, которые в течение длительного времени удерживают мировое лидерство в секторе обрабатывающей промышленности, предлагают и успешно внедряют инновации. Выявлены основные принципы отбора показателей, построения систем и их сопоставления. Методы. Для решения поставленных задач были использованы различные исследовательские инструменты: системный подход, контент-анализ, компаративный анализ и другие. Общими методологическими основаниями работы послужили институциональная и эволюционная теории, а также современные политико-экономические подходы. Результаты. Выявлены перспективные для применения и /?или адаптации в России подходы к построению систем показателей инновационной активности. Как показал сравнительный анализ, существуют разные варианты систем, удалось составить их типологию на основе способов группировки и числа показателей, воздействующих на их значения факторов, а также наличия или отсутствия обобщающего индикатора. Сформулированы рекомендации к использованию в России ряда принципов и приемов построения зарубежных систем показателей инновационной деятельности. Перспективы. Ближайшей перспективой является практическое воплощение полученных выводов, теоретическое осмысление его результатов и определение возможных направлений усовершенствования системы в последующем.

Relevance. Further to the postindustrial transition and the Forth Industrial revolution challenges operating nowadays in the world the Russian federation leaders task the nation to provide intensive innovation development of the economy and society with the effective administration of the process. The fulfillment requires toapply to such a praxis in the developed economies with the advanced manufacturing. Research object. The paper provides the analysis of the innovative activity indicators systems of the three developed economies leading in the world for a long time in manufacturing as well as in the novelties production and commercialization spheres, i.e. USA, Japan and Germany. Herewith the main principles of the systems' formulation, bases to select their particular indicators has been determined, the element composition analyzed and their structures compared. Methods. To solve the task various research instruments have been applied: the system analysis, the content analysis, the comparative one and others. The institutional and evolutional theories and the modern political-economic approaches constituted the methodological basis of the research. Results. The operation of the research facilitated the determination of the perspective approaches to form the systems of innovation activity indicators there to be applied and?\?or adapted in Russia and the recommendation to make use of these. The comparative analysis realized manifested different variants of the system' structures with such bases and facilitated the elaboration their typology further to the modes of the indicators' grouping, their factors of influence and the presence?\?absence of the synthesizing indicator. The conclusions served for the recommendations to use some principles and methods of the foreign systems of innovation activity indicators' constitution. Prospects. The immediate perspective of the research realized if the practical application of the deductions made, the theoretical conceptualization of the results obtained and the determination of the opportunities the systems to refine further on. ; Актуальность. В условиях начинающихся постиндустриального перехода и четвертой промышленной революции Российской Федерации необходимо интенсивное инновационное развитие экономики и эффективное управления этим процессом. Целесообразно использовать практический опыт такого руководства в развитых странах, где обрабатывающая промышленность достигла высокого уровня развития. Предмет исследования. В статье проанализированы системы показателей инновационной деятельности, используемые в США, Японии и Германии, которые в течение длительного времени удерживают мировое лидерство в секторе обрабатывающей промышленности, предлагают и успешно внедряют инновации. Выявлены основные принципы отбора показателей, построения систем и их сопоставления. Методы. Для решения поставленных задач были использованы различные исследовательские инструменты: системный подход, контент-анализ, компаративный анализ и другие. Общими методологическими основаниями работы послужили институциональная и эволюционная теории, а также современные политико-экономические подходы. Результаты. Выявлены перспективные для применения и /?или адаптации в России подходы к построению систем показателей инновационной активности. Как показал сравнительный анализ, существуют разные варианты систем, удалось составить их типологию на основе способов группировки и числа показателей, воздействующих на их значения факторов, а также наличия или отсутствия обобщающего индикатора. Сформулированы рекомендации к использованию в России ряда принципов и приемов построения зарубежных систем показателей инновационной деятельности. Перспективы. Ближайшей перспективой является практическое воплощение полученных выводов, теоретическое осмысление его результатов и определение возможных направлений усовершенствования системы в последующем.

In view of the existing disproportions between the sizes of rural territories and the large number of inhabitants of these territories, the assessment of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of labor potential (LP) becomes more up-to-date than ever. The problem of LP evaluation is related to ensuring the food security of the country and determining the professional and qualification features of the population to produce the basic agricultural products. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for calculating the cumulative index of labor potential development (CILPD) of the rural dwellers. The following methods are used in the article: abstract logic, document analysis, economics and statistics. The main outcome of the research is the clustering of Russian regions on the basis of the auctorial computation methodology of the rural population CILPD. The authors performed ranking of the territorial entities of the Russian Federation (RF) in the three types of clusters: those with high value of CILPD, those with mid-value of CILPD, and those with low value of CILPD. Computation of the rural population CILPD were made in respect to all Federal Districts and territorial entities of the RF. The results of the ILPD computations make it possible to identify the problematic regions with the low LP development level and to examine the negative trends on the basis of a number of indicators, which can represent the grounds for targeted steps for moderation and elimination of negative trends in the sphere of LP development of the rural population. ; peer-reviewed

The Russian Federation which is established following the disintegration of Soviets Union had less population and land than the USSR. Because of the lack of an equitable legislation, the weakness of administration, the unlimited power of the illegality and oligarchy; the political and economic system were in a chaos. Vladimir Putin, elected as the second president of Russian Federation in 2000 so as to overcome these difficulties, has strengthened his position by weakening some significant powers, which are independent of economic and political aspects in internal policy, by increasing the control on the press and re-establishing the influence of the country on the region. In addition to this, Russia has improved her national economy by using mainly the country's natural gas resources as a trump card against other countries. She has become a petro-dollar rich country thanks to the rise in international petroleum prices and started to pay her external debts rapidly. Economic recovery ensured improvement in national welfare, which experienced a decline in the post-Soviet period. The support to the President has grown in the country and thus Putin has been elected again as president in 2004. This study intends to analyze the changes that are experienced in internal policy of Russia during the presidency of Vladimir Putin between the years 2000 and 2008.

Yuri Shafranik, Chairman of the Board of the SoyuzNefteGaz Interestate Oil Co, is interviewed. He discusses oil price forecasts and how Russian oil production will impact world markets. Russia is partnering with oil companies and foreign companies to increase its crude oil production and the technology needed to make this a reality. Adapted from the source document.

Argues that the expiration of the Partnership & Cooperation Agreement (PCA) demands that Russia & the European Union (EU) must decide whether to transform years of cooperation into a strategic partnership. Political, economic, social, & cultural domains covered by the PCA are reviewed, along with relevant aspects of the EU Collective Strategy, & the 1999 Strategy of the Relationships between the Russian Federation & the EU. Attention is given to similarities in the Russia & EU approach to mutual relations; the EU's unwillingness to offer Russia an adequate plan of strategic mutual relations; & areas of disagreement between Russia & the EU. It is pointed out that the EU consistently sacrifices continental security for its own & exploits old fears of a restored Russian Empire. Other matters discussed include economic aspects of EU-Russia relation; the lack of cooperation in the defense/security sphere; & contradictory relations between the EU & the US. It is concluded that it is up to the EU to make the next move toward strategic cooperation with Russia. J. Lindroth

The Heads of State and Government of the member countries of theNorth Atlantic Alliance, have gathered in Wales (4th-5th September 2014) at apivotal moment for Euro-Atlantic security, because Russia's aggressive actionsagainst Ukraine have fundamentally challenged their vision of a Europe whole. Inorder to ensure that the Alliance is ready to respond swiftly and firmly to the newsecurity challenges, the NATO states have adopted a Readiness Action Plan, whichis focussed, especially, on eastern Europe. In this context, the aim of this paper isto specify the main features of NATO's new Readiness Action Plan and to analyzeits impact on the Russian Federation.

Examines Russian armed intervention in Chechnya; causes of the conflict, victims, role of General Dudaev, the media, reactions in and outside of Russia, and other issues.

Chairman of the Federation Council of the Russian Parliament analyzes the problems of establishing legal rules and institutional environment for the future market economy of Russia. In particular, the reasons for failures in law-making during the recent period of reforms are considered. The article focuses on the laws which should be passed urgently, for example, on the relations of property, on distribution of subjects of conducting between the federal centre and the subjects of Federation, on the order of development of agreements between employers and trade unions, on legal frameworks of activity of natural monopolies and principles of integration in the international division of labor. ; Chairman of the Federation Council of the Russian Parliament analyzes the problems of establishing legal rules and institutional environment for the future market economy of Russia. In particular, the reasons for failures in law-making during the recent period of reforms are considered. The article focuses on the laws which should be passed urgently, for example, on the relations of property, on distribution of subjects of conducting between the federal centre and the subjects of Federation, on the order of development of agreements between employers and trade unions, on legal frameworks of activity of natural monopolies and principles of integration in the international division of labor.

The geographical distribution of emigration to Israel from the Russian Federation shows that the great majority of migrants originated from the provinces. The push factor was found to be decisive for this emigration, and the recent differentiation by region of origin in the Russian Federation shows that association between quality of life and level of migration to Israel is strongly negative. At the same time, detailed monthly data on migration in the period before and after the financial crash of August 1998 demonstrated the decisive role of socioeconomic dynamics and change in the political situation in Russia in the determination of the level of emigration to Israel. ; The geographical distribution of emigration to Israel from the Russian Federation shows that the great majority of migrants originated from the provinces. The push factor was found to be decisive for this emigration, and the recent differentiation by region of origin in the Russian Federation shows that association between quality of life and level of migration to Israel is strongly negative. At the same time, detailed monthly data on migration in the period before and after the financial crash of August 1998 demonstrated the decisive role of socioeconomic dynamics and change in the political situation in Russia in the determination of the level of emigration to Israel.