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Kenya has a fairly developed cooperative movement, the backbone of which is agricultural marketing cooperatives. Studies of the cooperative movement in Kenya, however, are still exceptional, particularly studies which highlight the impact of marketing cooperatives on the socio-economic relations of the peasantry and vice versa. Some have seen the marketing cooperatives in Kenya as instruments in the hands of a rural elite, which is linked firmly to the political elite and the bureaucrats. Others have emphasized their parastatal character. Very few have ended up with positive conclusions saying that they are instruments in the hands of the peasantry, which further the interests of the peasantry. This study also reveals numerous shortcomings of the marketing cooperatives, based on an in-depth study of a selected peasant society. They still suffer from organizational rigidity, low educational standards, and indifference on the part of most peasants. But on the other hand the development trend during the last decade has been positive, and the marketing cooperatives have not led to increasing social differentiation in the selected study area. On the contrary the marketing cooperatives rather seem to have preserved the existing egalitarian social structure, and reversely the egalitarian social structure seems to provide a fruitful basis for the development of marketing cooperatives.

This collection of papers was compiled by a number of friends of Barbro Johansson, a well-known Swedish missionary of her generation, who wanted to honour her. Barbro Johansson trained as a teacher in Sweden, and went to Tanzania in 1946. She re-opened and rebuilt the Girls' School at Kashasha, Bukoba, and played an active role in church, community and political affairs. In 1959 sha was elected Member of parliament for Mwanza, and served in that capacity for a number of years. In 1962 she became a Tanzanian citizen. Later, on President Nyerere's request, she became principal of the Girls' Secondary School, Tabora. For three years she was Adviser to the Tanzanian Ambasador to Sweden. She was active in Adult Education and community programmes in Tanzania and served on the Board of the University of Dar es Salaam. She contributed a great deal to the links between Sweden and Tanzania. ; Contents: 1. Barbro Johansson "Swede and Tanzanian" / J.E.F. Mhina -- Barbro Johansson "Missionary, church leader, politican" / Olof Sundby -- 2. A concerned participant / Ernst Michanek -- Development of human rights "notes from an African debate / Olle Dahlén -- Adult education / Joan E. Wicken -- Evaluation and continuous planning of development projects / Carl Gösta Widstrand -- Meeting African women / Kerstin Anér -- 3. Creative fellowship in the church universal / Tore Furberg -- World wide mission and visible unity "Perspectives om ecumenism in Tanzania" / Carl F. Hallencreutz -- Lutherans and mission in Tanzania / Joel Ngeiyamu -- The Lutherans World Federation "vision and service" / Josiah Kibira -- The Prophetic role of the church, as experienced in Namibia, 1975 / Carl-Johan Hellberg -- 4. Free women of Bukoba / Marja-Liisa Swantz -- Family, community and women as reflected in "Die Safwa" by Elise Kootz Kretschmer / Marcia Wright -- 5. First steps in Bukoba / Bengt Sundkler -- My sister "a Tanzanian" / Karin Lundström -- Barbro "the Kashasha education alist" / Birgit Joahnsson -- Kashasha diary 1950s / Ingrid Persson -- Remembering Mama Barbro and Kashasha Girls' School / Christine Mulokozi -- In the Tabora Girls' Secondary School / Hindu B. Lilla -- Contributors

The Kenyan Harambee Self-help movement offers an interesting example of "bottom-up" development of more than one decade, with little and often no government financial support. The movement appears to reflect pragmatic local priorities and offers an opportunity to test what local people "really want". Harambee self-help existed before the ideological calls for self-reliant development, and raises the issue whether in fact ideological build-up can or should precede actual development efforts. ; Contents: I. Introduction -- II. Conceptual and Empirical Interpretation of Harambee -- III. The Study of Harambee -- IV. Harambee Leadership Patterns -- V. Contribution Patterns -- VI. Some Factors Determining the Viability of Harambee -- VII. Changing Local Perceptions as a Factor in the Continuity of Harambee -- VIII. Policy Implications

Contents: 1. The physical features and resources of Buhaya -- 2. Land use -- 3. Agricultural land use and land tenure -- 4. Animal husbandry and land use -- 5. The policy of agricultural extension in Bukoba -- 6. The Ihangiro time study -- 7. Production and gross return -- 8. Household budgets -- 9. The social and political aspects of the farming system

This is the summary - and abstarct - of the the ph.D. thesis Mellan klass och stat. Om arbetarrörelse, reformism och socialdemokrati (1979). This thesis develops a general theoretical model of the solcial democratic form of the labour movement. Contact: Gunnar.Olofsson@lnu.se

This book studies how Tanzania in a period of 25-30 years became a tobacco producer and exporter. But its emphasis is on production, and therefore on the producers. It analyses the processes that made Tanzanians into peasant producers of tobacco for the international market. The dynamics of the organization of production under changing conditions of production. The effects on the development of productive forces, reproduction processes and the standard of living among the producers.