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This book is the outcome of a conference on Common Security and Civil Society in Africa, held in 1997, and organised jointly by the Nordic Africa Institute and the Common Security Forum, based at the Centre for History and Economics, King's College and the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. The idea that security is to be achieved by cooperation more than by confrontation, and that it is an economic and social as well as a military condition, has been a commonplace of international politics for some 20 years. The geometry of common or extended security is complex. But it usually involves an extension of the domain of security, of the sources of security, and of the characteristics of security. Among these diverse kinds of security, it is political security which has come into particular prominence at the end of the 1990s, most strikingly in Africa. Political security, in the sense of legal and political institutions such that individuals feel secure both in their individual rights and in the development of political culture, has come to be seen as the foundation of all other kinds of security. The papers presented in this volume seek to go 'beyond the war of images', to imagine a different and more secure future, and they are concerned with five major themes: economic and social change; the prevention of violent conflict; the causes of conflict; political security; the international politics of development partnership. ; CONTENTS -- BEYOND THE WAR OF IMAGES: TOWARDS COMMON SECURITY AND NEW PARTNERSHIP WITH AFRICA/Samantha Gibson -- SHIFTING COMMITMENTS AND NATIONAL COHESION IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES/Thandika Mkandawire -- POVERTY, EQUALITY AND SECURITY IN SOUTH AFRICA/Stephan Klasen and Fani Zulu -- HEALTH AND SECURITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA/William Pick -- MEETING THE GOALS OF THE 1990 WORLD SUMMIT ON CHILDREN: HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA/Omar B. Ahmad -- CONFLICT PREVENTION AND EARLY-WARNING SYSTEMS/J. 'Bayo Adekanye -- THE STRUCTURE OF CONFLICT/Mary Kaldor -- ARMS AND CONFLICTS IN AFRICA: MYTHS AND REALITIES OF PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT/Siemon T. Wezeman -- PROMOTING THE RULE OF LAW IN POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES/Rama Mani -- AID AND POLITICS IN MALAWI AND KENYA: POLITICAL CONDITIONALITY AND DONOR SUPPORT TO THE 'HUMAN RIGHTS, DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE' SECTOR/Samantha Gibson -- THE INTERACTION BETWEEN STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: PROSPECTS FOR PEACE AND SECURITY/Patrick Molutsi -- COSMOPOLITAN PATRIOTS/Kwame Anthony Appiah

This book is part of a study by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs on future relations between Sweden and Africa. The outcome of this study was a white paper, presented by the Swedish Government to the Swedish Parliament in March 1998 on its African policy, based on a report entitled 'Partnership with Africa'. Listening attentively to African voices was of particular importance in the course of the review process leading to the white paper. In this connection two conferences were organised in which African invitees were the main participants. The first conference was organised by the Nordic Africa Institute in cooperation with the African Development Bank and resulted in the anthology A New Partnership for African Development - Issues and Parameters, published by the Nordic Africa Institute in May 1997.The second conference was held in Saltsjöbaden in June 1997 and this volume brings together a number of the papers which were commissioned to serve as background material to the debate that took place then. Examples of African reform work in four theme areas are dealt with: Africa's democratic culture, including gender equality; security and conflict management. Africa in the international economy. Africa's aid dependency and prospects for changed relations between Africa and other countries. Relations between Sweden and Africa - current situation and future potential, opened by two personal and engaged letters to 'My little brother Sweden from Your big sister Africa- written by Angela L. Ofori-Atta, lecturer at the University of Ghana Medical School.

Klas Åmark brukar säga att någon festskrift till sin 50- eller 60-årsdag "Det vill jag absolut inte ha". Så sade han ända tills att vi gav honom ett anbud som han inte kunde säga nej till. Det är ju självklare inget kul att fä en bok där bara andra skriver, så. vårt erbjudande var att han skulle fä skriva själv. Om dec nn var detta som låg bakom omsvängningen eller att den planerade boken skulle handla om make - ett ämne som Klas ofta har diskuterat - det vet vi inte. Därför kunde vi på hans 50 årsdag den 20 maj 1994 presentera en preliminär innehållsförteckning till den kommande boken. När vi inbjöd några av Klas forskarkollegor samt nuvarande och tidigare elever inom forskningsfältet historisk a rbetslivsforskning att delta i projektet framhöll vi att uppgiften var att a nalysera makt. Klas har sedan fätt tillfälle att reflektera över dessa texter. Han kommer till tals i bokens avslutande kapitel. Flera av författarna förhåller sig till Klas' syn på makt. Några är kritiska, andra försöker bygga vidare på hans sätt att se på makt. Den ryske licceraturvetaren Mikhail Bachtin, som bland annat skrev om Rabelais och skrattets historia, menade att varje diskurs besdlr av en mångfald röster som tillsammans bildar en polyfon kör. I denna bok framträder olika forskare med sina röster. Den kör som presenteras här är inte unison. Den ständ igt pågående diskussionen medför att den historiska diskursen om maktbegreppet är föränderlig. ; Kapitel i boken Att synliggöra det osynliga - några tankar kring makt och maktlöshet av Ylva Waldemarsson Underdånigheten som maktresurs av Lars Kvarnström Paternalismen som maktrelation av Christer Eriksson Makt, män och moral. Hur makt åskådliggörs av Eva Blomberg Rädslans regim. Makt och kulturella strategier av Björn Horgby När Anais Nin mötte Myrdal - eller modernismen och kvinnomakt av Yvonne Hirdman Skogen och lagen - identitet och kollektivt handlande i skogsbygden 1820-1930 av Maths Isacson och Bo Persson Samarbete och samförstånd for högre porduktivitet av Jonny Hjelm Den industriella demokratin och den omedvetna socialismen. Sidney och Beatrice Webbs pionjärverk ett hundra år av Alf O Johansson Perry Anderson - I Sverige, om Sverige, på svenska, av svenskar av Sven E Olsson Hort Kommunisternas "makt" inom svensk politik och fackföreningsrörelse - en problematisering av ett spännande forskningsfält av Sten Andersson Fotboll och makt av Bill Sund Maktens lättgenomskinliga dimridåer av Klas Åmark

Environment has become a major factor in development, as part of a global awareness on the need to either change or sustain current trends. Balancing Rocks tackles the environment issues affecting Zimbabwe, their consequences and solutions. The book is the first empirical attempt to assess Zimbabwe's environmental linkages to development on a sectoral basis and with the intention of reviewing policy for the future. It is a useful tool for all those interested in a discussion that goes beyond narrow academic or political agendas, and understand that environment and development are fragile "balancing rocks". ; CONTENTS: 1. Choosing Sustainable Human Development for Zimbabwe´s Future -- 2. Population Growth Impact in a Sparse Resources Environment -- 3. Tackling Agricultural Development with Land Dearth -- 4. Challenges for a Finer Conventional and Alternative Energy Use -- 5. Industry and the Environment in a Reformed Marketplace -- 6. The Role of Grassrots Movements in Conservation and Sustainable Development -- 7. Zimbabwe´s Response to Agenda 21 -- 8. Conclusion: Balancing The Rocks -- Zimbabwe Human Development Profile

This publication presents a synopsis of the papers presented at a conference arranged in October 1994, discussing the origins, achievements and problems as well as the prospects for sustainable political and economic change in Africa. Although there is a clear recognition of the problems facing Africa, overall the assessments point in a more positive direction than is usually found in current reporting on Africa.

The African crisis is a recurrent theme in all discourse on Africa in the 1990s, in stark contrast with the optimism of the first decades of independence. This discussion paper questions the very description of the state of affairs in Africa, and is written as an African input in the debate on problems and prospects in Africa.

4: A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies of Attitudes to Social PolicyIntroduction; Systematic Review; Illustration of Strengths and Weaknesses: The Attitude Survey Study; A Demonstration of the Value of Systematic Review in Social Science and of the Issues of Quality and Bias; Conclusions; Appendix 1; Appendix 2: Search Strategy; References; 5: Public Opinion and Policy-making; Introduction; Overview of the Evidence; Uncertainties in the Data; Dealing with Uncertainty; Evidence for Policy; Acknowledgement; Notes; References.

Factors that affect and influence industrial symbiosis (IS) collaborations have been researched extensively in the literature, where they are mostly reported at a network level or for IS in general, and lack the individual actor's perspective. This review article contributes to and expands knowledge of influencing factors and their effect on the individual actor. In a systematic review, guided by the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this study reviews 53 scientific papers examining planned or existing IS networks. It examines literature from 1 January 2000 to 28 March 2022, and it identifies drivers, barriers, and enablers influencing actors to participate in IS. It explores whether and how the perception and impact of these factors differs depending on the characteristics of individual actors and their specific context. The main findings of this study reveal that an actor's specific characteristics and the network's context have a significant impact on decision making and how actors both perceive and are affected by factors influencing collaboration. Furthermore, an additional novel contribution to this field of research is that the study identifies three underlying and recurring considerations that actors appear to find critical, namely, perceived business opportunities/risks, regulatory and political setting, and potential inequalities in the network. The results show that an actor's take on these critical considerations determines whether the actor is willing to engage in IS.

This article reports on a study examining the pathway to and practices for inclusive participatory planning in Sweden. Recently, the Swedish government has transposed the UN's Convention on the Rights of the Child into national law, making it a requirement for Swedish planners to involve children and youth in participatory spatial planning processes. The challenges planners face when needing to open up planning and engage children and youth in more structured ways, have not been discussed very much just yet. This study uses Sweden-centered empirical literature together with interviews with a selected group of respondents to contribute at that debate.

Buildings are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. A transition to low-carbon housing requires the introduction of very energy-efficient buildings on a global scale and effective policy measures to support such a transformation. In this article, we study one such radical solution for energy-efficient buildings - the passive house - through a national case study in Sweden. We identify three societal domains where passive houses increasingly become embedded in the building sector: Firstly, the framing of passive houses in the public debate shifted from being presented as a radical alternative for a future low-carbon housing sector to being perceived as a specific low-energy building market segment. Secondly, passive houses have become part of a broader regional institutional and political context rather than a niche. Finally, passive houses have become a driving force for stricter building regulations but in a way that rather led to the assimilation of selected passive house features into existing sectoral structures. We conclude that the dynamics of change we find is rather a mainstreaming process of gradual adaptation of construction sector structures and passive houses than a radical transformation of the built environment or the diffusion of new building technology. ; Funding: Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten)Swedish Energy Agency

In both Finland and Sweden, decentralisation has traditionally been an essential cultural policy aim. This article explores how, by pursuing decentralisation, the regional jurisdictions have been presented with more possibilities to fulfil their purposes and in this way, gain legitimacy in cultural policy. Based on the analysis of political, legal, and administrative documents, three main periods of regional decentralisation in cultural policies are identified: regions as vehicles of welfare policy, regionalisation, and competitive regions. In both countries, national governments have promoted the regional level's agency, and in doing so, potential institutional change in cultural policy. However, the increase of the regional level's role has been limited by the countries' strongly institutionalised cultural policy systems.

Following the 2015-peak of asylum-seeking migrants in Europe, asylumpolicies have become increasingly restrictive. As bordering has become a prioritized issue among many European national governments, including in the Nordic countries, practices of bordering have also become more decentralised, diffuse and dispersed. This special issue set focus on such bordering practices as these are manifest in the social service sector. It draws on research conducted in Norway and Sweden and consists, besides this introduction, of seven original articles.Of particular focus is how social work, in its regulations and practices, are involved in the bordering of both the nation and the welfare state. Connecting insights from border studies – and related critical research – with social work research, the articles present empirical analyses of the dynamics of bordering practices among varying practitioners and in varying organizations, including legislators, courts, municipalities, street-level social workers and civil society organizations. The special issue as a whole also raises questions about the ethical and political challenges that emerge at the nexus of bordering and social service provision. In this introductory article, we provide an overview of the field of border studies and discuss how it relates to social work research. This serves as a conceptual foundation which we hope will enable critical reflections on the relationships between social service

In recent years, riding schools have opened their activities for younger children. Previous research has described the learning environment of the stable as strongly inspired by a traditional military discourse (Thorell 2017) and in strong contrast to other socialization arenas. The aim of this article is to increase the understanding of riding school activities for preschool children. Research questions concern why and how activities for young children are organized and handled, norms guiding these activities and how children and others participating are perceived. Sources consist of 452 riding schools' websites and interviews with nine representatives from riding schools. The analytical framework derives from the sociology of childhood. The study shows that a majority of the Swedish riding schools offer activities for preschool children. The activities are framed by contrasting ideas about the competent child, the child's biological and vulnerable body, incompetent parents, competent youth leaders, and horses.

Contemporary France is a prolific arena for post-fascist actors, parties, and movements. Self-proclaimed alternative news outlets and publishing houses serve as forums for information and mobilisation, through various strategies, to resist an alleged onslaught by the enemies of the nation and its people: multiculturalism, feminism, political correctness, political corruption, and civilisational decay. In this article, I explore uncivility as a discursive logic within the French post-fascist media-ecology, focusing on the conspicuous use of irony and discursive displacement. More specifically, I discuss how sardonic irony as an uncivil discursive strategy is employed to navigate the legal boundaries of free speech and how discursive displacement, coupled with irony, is used as an affective identificatory technique in post-fascist discourse.

Despite three decades of political efforts and a wealth of research on the causes and catastrophic impacts of climate change, global carbon dioxide emissions have continued to rise and are 60% higher today than they were in 1990. Exploring this rise through nine thematic lenses—covering issues of climate governance, the fossil fuel industry, geopolitics, economics, mitigation modeling, energy systems, inequity, lifestyles, and social imaginaries—draws out multifaceted reasons for our collective failure to bend the global emissions curve. However, a common thread that emerges across the reviewed literature is the central role of power, manifest in many forms, from a dogmatic political-economic hegemony and influential vested interests to narrow techno-economic mindsets and ideologies of control. Synthesizing the various impediments to mitigation reveals how delivering on the commitments enshrined in the Paris Agreement now requires an urgent and unprecedented transformation away from today's carbon- and energy-intensive development paradigm.