Suchergebnisse

Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Editors; Contributors; Chapter 1: Planning for Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan; Section I: Natural Resources and Input Supplies; Chapter 2: Land Use in Pakistan; Chapter 3: Water: Issues and Remedies; Chapter 4: Rural Energy Solutions for Community Development; Chapter 5: Environmental Degradation and Remedial Strategies; Chapter 6: Land Degradation: Problems and Remedies; Chapter 7: Canal Operation through Management Information System; Chapter 8: Precision Agriculture and ICT: Future Farming; Chapter 9: Farm Services

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface for the Third Edition -- Acknowledgments -- What Is New and What Is Different? -- Author -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Itâ#x80;#x99;s just another hazardous materials incident! -- Focus on terrorism -- Terrorists and weapons of mass destruction -- Terrorists had declared war on America -- War on terror -- Just another hazardous materials incident -- Federal response -- History of hazardous materials -- Baltimore Train Tunnel fire -- Hazmat expands to include terrorism

The Spirit of Science -- The Spirit Has Sparks -- Nurturing the Spirit, Enhancing the Sparks -- Cultivating the Brain -- Creating the Sparks from the Spirit What Is Science For? -- Present and New Challenges -- Addressing the Base of the Pyramid Danger and Risks in the Sparks -- Sparks for Sustainable Development -- Moving beyond Sustainability.

The new SCI wave (Domingo, Carlos; Sananes, Marta) Abstract An inquire about the future of SCI is attempted based in the ideas of technological waves and the metaphor of SCI as a virtual city. Technological waves are periods of economic boom and decay that span through some decades, arising from a clustering of a few mutually reinforcing technologies that permeates all socioeconomic activities. The steam engines, railways, steamboats and iron production cluster in the last century (1830-1880) is an example. The cluster produces a sustained economic growth and afterwards enters a stage of diminishing returns and crisis during which the old technologies are severely selected and the new technologies for the next boom are generated. The hypothesis in this work is that the next wave will be based on informatics, cybernetics and new developments in system theory. According to this idea, a discussion on actual and near future diffusions and impacts of these technologies in the economic and social system is presented. The affected subsystems are the production and trade of goods and services, the information market, the teaching and learning activities, the political procedures, the physical and ecological environment, and many aspects of social behavior. All these aspects will become related and integrated and will lead to the emergence of an informatic supersystem (a sort of Popper's world III) bringing opportunities, dangers and different spaces for all human intellectual activities, influencing many aspects of human life. The analogy of this space with a city or a nation is used as a descriptive and heuristic metaphor to characterize actual possibilities and explore new ones. Emerging problems are discussed: access to the cybernetic world, complexity, structural changes, learning, organization and legal issues, hindrances caused by old attitudes and institutions and new problems posed by the new society. The impact of these problems on some integrative techniques and methodologies, such as informatic webs, database building and management, systems simulation, statistics and system theory are briefly discussed. The development and impact of the different aspects of the transformation depends on the different types of societies compatible with the new wave. These types will also be affected by the wave itself. Three types of society are considered: a free, open, equal opportunity society in which the participation of the individual in the new world depends on his or her free activity; an apartheid society, with privileged groups monopolizing access to the new opportunities; an organic society, in which the access and use depend on pre-assigned roles to the individuals in an organized whole. Finally the importance of these types of inquire is stressed. ; carlosd@ula.ve ; sananes@ula.ve ; Nivel monográfico

The commercialization of scientific information and the payment walls for access have become one of the most debated issues in the last decades. The international open access movement has proposed ways to improve access and, and also, different actors have promoted other strategies such as pirate sites for data downloading. In this paper we study the use of Sci-Hub in Argentina based on a quantitative analysis of the download statistics available until 2017. We detect general, editorial and thematic patterns of use of the documents and investigate common and differentiating aspects with respect to global and other Latin American countries. We also determine, from different samples, if the articles accessed are also available in open access and/or their access is possible through subscriptions paid by the national government through the Electronic Library of Science and Technology (BECyT). We found that downloads from Argentina represent just over 1% of those registered worldwide, that there is a great dispersion of requested titles and that there is a significant increase in use with respect to the same periods in 2015 and 2016. With the different samples we could observe that articles of restricted access published by the editorial companies that manage the sector as an oligopoly are being downloaded mostly in magazines indexed in the so-called "mainstream" and that correspond to the area of medicine (oncology, pediatrics and cardiovascular medicine). Also, we detected a significant number of downloads of articles that were already available in open access, indicating a possible lack of knowledge of these resources and we calculate a significant increase compared to the use of BECyT. We concluded that downloads from Argentina have similar patterns to the rest of the world and that the increase in their use shows that a more radical change is needed to guarantee the right of access to information. As long as scientific information remains a commodity, it is essential to deepen the study of the different projects that allow us to reappropriate knowledge. ; La comercialización de la información científica y las barreras de pago para su acceso se han convertido en una de las problemáticas más debatidas en las últimas décadas. El movimiento internacional de acceso abierto ha propuesto vías para favorecer su acceso y, a su vez, distintos actores han impulsado otras estrategias como sitios piratas para la descarga. En este artículo estudiamos el uso que se hace de Sci-Hub en Argentina a partir de un análisis cuantitativo de las estadísticas de descargas disponibles hasta 2017. Detectamos patrones de uso generales, editoriales y temáticos de los documentos e indagamos aspectos comunes y diferenciadores con respecto al uso mundial y otros países de América Latina. Asimismo, determinamos, a partir de distintas muestras, si los artículos accedidos además están disponibles en acceso abierto y/o su acceso es posible a través de las suscripciones pagadas por el estado nacional a través de la Biblioteca Electrónica de Ciencia y Tecnología (BECyT). Encontramos que las descargas realizadas desde Argentina representan poco más del 1% de las registradas a nivel mundial, que existe una gran dispersión de títulos solicitados y que hay un aumento significativo en el uso respecto a los mismos períodos de 2015 y 2016. Con las distintas muestras pudimos observar que se están descargando mayormente artículos de acceso restringido publicados por las empresas editoriales que manejan el sector como oligopolio, en revistas indexadas en la llamada "corriente principal" y que corresponden al área de la medicina (oncología, pediatría y medicina cardiovascular). También, detectamos un número significativo de descargas de artículos que ya estaban disponibles en acceso abierto, evidenciando un posible desconocimiento de estos recursos y calculamos un incremento importante respecto al uso de BECyT. Concluimos que las descargas desde Argentina tienen patrones similares al resto del mundo y que el aumento de su uso muestra que un cambio más radical para garantizar el derecho de acceso a la información es necesario. Mientras la información científica siga siendo una mercancía es primordial profundizar el estudio de los distintos proyectos que permiten reapropiarnos del conocimiento. ; A comercialização da informação científica e as barreiras de pagamento para seu acesso se tornaram um dos assuntos mais debatidos nas últimas décadas. O movimento internacional de acesso aberto propôs formas de promover o acesso e, por sua vez, diferentes atores promoveram outras estratégias, tais como sites piratas para download. Neste artigo estudamos o uso do Sci-Hub na Argentina com base em uma análise quantitativa das estatísticas de download disponíveis até 2017. Detectamos padrões gerais, editoriais e temáticos de uso dos documentos e investigamos aspectos comuns e diferenciadores com respeito ao uso global e outros países da América Latina. Também determinamos, a partir de diferentes amostras, se os artigos acessados também estão disponíveis em acesso aberto e/ou seu acesso é possível através de assinaturas pagas pelo governo nacional através da Biblioteca Eletrônica de Ciência e Tecnologia (BECyT). Constatamos que os downloads da Argentina representam pouco mais de 1% daqueles registrados em todo o mundo, que há uma grande dispersão de títulos solicitados e que há um aumento significativo no uso em relação aos mesmos períodos em 2015 e 2016. Com as diferentes amostras podemos observar que os artigos de acesso restrito publicados pelas editoras que administram o setor como oligopólio estão sendo baixados principalmente em revistas indexadas no chamado "mainstream" e que correspondem à área da medicina (oncologia, pediatria e medicina cardiovascular). Além disso, detectamos um número significativo de downloads de artigos que já estavam disponíveis em acesso aberto, evidenciando uma possível falta de conhecimento desses recursos e calculamos um aumento significativo no uso do BECyT. Concluímos que os downloads da Argentina têm padrões semelhantes aos do resto do mundo e que o aumento em seu uso mostra que uma mudança mais radical é necessária para garantir o direito de acesso à informação. Enquanto a informação científica permanecer uma mercadoria, é essencial aprofundar o estudo dos diferentes projetos que nos permitem reapropriar o conhecimento.

The political scientists at the University of Michigan, Dearborn, concerned about what becomes of political science majors in today's job market, have completed a survey of the occupational status and quality of life of recent alumni. This paper examines the potential contributions of that survey as a model for future evaluations of political science programs and other liberal arts programs. In the paper, I will discuss the design of the study, its findings, and the lessons that might be useful to those who would wish to do such studies on their own campuses.DesignThe University of Michigan, Dearborn evaluation was done primarily by, and for the benefit of, the political science faculty. Thus, the evaluation was tailored to particular faculty interests and concerns.

The political scientists at the University of Michigan, Dearborn, concerned about what becomes of political science majors in today's job market, have completed a survey of the occupational status and quality of life of recent alumni. This paper examines the potential contributions of that survey as a model for future evaluations of political science programs and other liberal arts programs. In the paper, I will discuss the design of the study, its findings, and the lessons that might be useful to those who would wish to do such studies on their own campuses.DesignThe University of Michigan, Dearborn evaluation was done primarily by, and for the benefit of, the political science faculty. Thus, the evaluation was tailored to particular faculty interests and concerns.

First published in 1990.