Suchergebnisse

According to the Thai Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP 2015), the government has set the target of 30% reduction in 2036 compared to the total energy consumption in 2010. The industry sector accounts for approximately 37% of the total energy consumption. Thai industries have been classified into 11 main sectors, in which food, beverage, and tobacco are the most energy-consumed sectors which consume about 35.7% of the total energy consumption. Among industries in the food, beverage, and tobacco sector, the native starch industry is the second most energy-consumed industry. Thus, the rational amount of energy saving target will be assigned to the native starch industry. Their baseline energy consumption and their potential energy saving should be known to verify the actual amount of energy savings each year. In this paper, 18 of 67 native starch plants are carefully investigated and audited to determine baseline energy consumption (BEC) and specific energy consumption (SEC) based on plant performance. Factors that effect on BEC and SEC are identified. Equations for predicting baseline BEC and SEC are developed using statistic regression approaches. It is found that SEC and BEC of the native starch industry depend on annual production quantity and annual production hours. The regression equations for predicting baseline BEC and SEC are developed and are in ±10% error range of observed data.

Current global starch production is approximating 50 million tonnes. While the starch production growth rate steadily continues to surpass average population growth figures, the make-up by starch source and production regions have been changing. The world share of cassava-based starches may range between 4-6%. While Southeast Asia continues to lead as the foremost cassava starch production (and utilization) region, both within this region and in other continents the cassava starch industry and market patterns are changing. Starting in the late 1980s and accelerating during the 90s, Latin-American and (to a minor extent) African cassava starch processing has expanded. It is most likely that this basic trend will continue into the beginning of the 21st century. However, the new century brings with it both new threats as well as additional opportunities that will greatly impact on the competitiveness of cassava as a major starch source. The paper firstly summarizes the principal global trends of starch production, utilization and markets, paying special attention to the role of cassava. In addition, individual starch regions (US, EU, Asia) and their main players will be discussed. Secondly, the foremost global and regional technical, political and economic conditions that are currently coming about will be reviewed concerning their potential impact on global starch markets. Thirdly, a synthesis is formulated as to what the most probable implications are for cassava sector researchers and developers.

Using advanced enzymatic starch conversion technologies followed by modern separation and purification processes and blending practices provide today a manifold of nutritive syrups and powders offering a wide range of carbohydrate functionalities. High fructose syrups and glucose syrups comprising high dextrose and high maltose syrups, available also in their dried or pure crystalline forms, cover a wide range of food, pharmaceutical and technical applications. Beyond controlled sweetness starch saccharification products provide a diversity of physical properties such as viscosity, reducing sugar content, osmotic pressure, crystallisation retardation, gloss, humectancy, consistency and many others.

Modern starch milling technologies not only produce the common native starches from corn, wheat, potato and cassava but also can extend the range of commercially available starches by native starch specialities such as waxy and high amylose varieties of corn, potato, pea and rice starch. The functionality of these native starches in form of swelling and gelling characteristics is defined by botanical characteristics such as granule size, amylose-, phosphate and lipid content. The diversity of these native starch functionalities can be extended by physical and enzymatic starch modification techniques. Pregelatinized starches are obtained by drum and roll drying, extrusion or spray cooking often complemented by agglomeration. Heat moisture treatment and annealing result in cold water swelling granular starches and resistant starch, respectively. This extended range of clean label functional native starches is successively replacing E-number coded chemically modified food starch additives from the ingredient list of modern convenience and processed foods.

Chemical starch modification is standardizing and extending the functionality of native starches by either modifying the starch backbone itself, by acid-thinning, oxidation or dextrinization, or by introducing substituents to form esters and ethers. These modified starches are meeting a worldwide growing market for sustainable products of highly reproducible performance characteristics. Different industrial processes carried out in slurry, semi-dry or dry state and run in batch or continuous mode are available to satisfy the needs for a wide product range from washed specialties to bulk industrial standard products.

3 leaves ; Reproduction of original in the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus). Library. ; Imprint from colophon. ; Caption title. ; At head of title: By the King. ; At end of text: Given at our court at Whitehall, the third day of August, in the thirteenth year of our raign.

In sugar manufacture crystallization is the most important unit operation that directly affects in sugar quality. The combined effects of dextran and starch were studied in crystallization experiments. The experiments were performed following a 22 full factorial design, with 3 central points and 4 more axial points, a total of 11 experiments per type of crystallization. Therefore, 22 experiments were carried out (11 cooling crystallizations and 11 evaporating crystallizations) with starch and dextran contents ranging from 0 to 2000 mg/kg. The obtained crystallized sugar was analyzed with respect to its starch and dextran contents and its turbidity and its alcoholic floc formation. Controlled cooling crystallization gave lower contamination compared to evaporating crystallization.

Cassava is planted each year in about 120,000 hectares of agricultural land in the Philippines, producing about 1.8 million tonnes of cassava roots. Principal products of the processing industry are food, dried chips and starch. As a traded commodity, however, cassava contributes only about 2% to gross value-adding in agriculture. The following factors favor the expansion of the industry: a) trends in associated commodities, b) dwindling prime agricultural land, c) expanding demand for cassava products, and d) availability of improved technologies. As a food crop, demand for cassava is increasing and this trend is expected to continue with the increase in population and improvements in techniques for transforming cassava roots into more stable, convenient and attractive products. Cassava has gained gradual acceptance as a high-energy component in commercial feed formulations. This is fueled by chronic shortages and the resulting high price of domestically produced maize. In specific locations, farmers now recognize that intercropping cassava with maize and given optimum care, this cropping system is economically comparable to two maize monocrops, and provides a more reliable income. The outlook for the cassava starch industry in the Philippines is rather bleak. Trade liberalization and the absence of real government assistance in improving productivity and efficiency are threatening the survival of this sector. The agricultural modernization program, which is supposed to cushion the impact of trade liberalization, virtually has had no funding during the first two years from its passage, and until now has not produced anything of practical significance. With the negative outlook for the Philippine sugar industry, cassava emerged as the most viable alternative source of raw material for production of alcohol for liquor. San Miguel Corporation has been investing heavily on plant construction and supply base development since 1995. The greatest challenge in the future will be to put in place a system that results in an adequate and stable year-round supply of cassava for the distillery. Strengthening the cassava industry in the Philippines requires strengthening the linkage between production and markets accompanied by improved access to credit, supportive government policies and appropriate technical support.

Starch derivatives containing ether cationic groups (amino-, ammonium, sulfonium, phosphonium, etc.) are vital commercial product. Cationic starches with tertiary amino- and quaternary ammonium ether groups have found the greatest use. The paper is devoted to sore problem - deep processing of vegetable starch-containing raw materials and in particular production of domestic chemically modified (substituted) cationic starch. Comparative studies of the kinetics of the reac­tion of obtaining cationic ethers of potato and corn starch using N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium © Литвяк В. В., 2019 chloride depending on the molar ratio of reagents, temperature, concentration of starch suspension and the nature of na­tive starch. The effect of starch cationization process on the morphological peculiarities of starch granules, as well as de­gree of crystallinity, was studied. The effect of cationization of starch on the structural characteristics of granules (degree of crystallinity-and-amorphism) at the general preservation of starch granules and physical and chemical properties (rheolog­ical and thermogravimetric) has been determined. A scientifically based, highly efficient method for cationization of starch N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride in an alkaline medium with the use of gelatinization inhibitors was developed allowing to obtain cationic starch with substitution degree of 0.01-0.06 mol/mol. The obtained cationic starch can be used in the pulp and paper, textile and other industry. The developed technology for production of chemically modified cationic starch has been successfully implemented at local enterprises.

Abstract— Extensive works have been done on the subject matter of local sourcing of drilling fluid additives to reduce our importation burdens especially in this era of dwindling oil fortunes. This local sourcing will bolster industrialization and reduce unemployment in a vast economy like Nigeria. The results of the previous studies have shown promising potentials which are in tandem with our local content mandate of the government. Cassava starch has been identified as one of these additives and our ranking as the world largest producer of cassava remains instructive. Currently, all the starch used in the oil and gas industry is imported. The major constraint to the use of cassava starch is their extreme susceptibility to post-harvest degradation. This work, therefore, is an attempt to address this problem of stability by the application of appropriate preservatives without prejudice to the rheological properties of the mud. In carrying out this study at temperatures of 80, 120, 150 and 1900F, three cassava starch cultivars TMS 92/0057, TMS 98/0581 and TMS 96/1632 and four common preservatives in the food industry; the salts of benzoate, propionate, sorbate and metabisulphite were used in the bentonite mud formulations. The result showed that out of the sixty-one mud formulations, only five of them adequately met the API rheological properties threshold. These five muds exhibited properties that compare favourably to the imported starch sample. This stabilized product holds much promise as a substitute to the imported starch for use in water-based drilling mud formulations for the Nigerian oil industry.

Delaying rice starch (RS) retrogradation can improve the quality parameters of rice-based starchy foods during storage. Modification of insoluble dietary fibre has always been used in the starchy food industry. Compared with vegetal insoluble dietary fibre, bacterial cellulose (BC) has many advantages such as high purity, smaller particle size, and elevated water absorption capacity. In the present work, BC was modified by high-pressure homogenisation (MBC) with different pressure levels (0, 50, 80, 120, and 160 MPa) to investigate the effect of MBC on RS retrogradation. Results showed that high-pressure homogenisation could decrease the particle size of BC. MBC addition to RS decreased paste breakdown and setback, thus suggesting that MBC might be a good candidate for increasing the stability of RS paste, and inhibiting its short-term retrogradation. The thermal properties and X-ray diffraction patterns of RS indicated that supplementing MBC could decrease the gelatinised enthalpy and relative crystallinity of RS paste during storage. Results also indicated that MBC could provide an opportunity to restrain RS retrogradation, and might be suitable for designing fibre-enriched products.

In Ghana, cassava is a marginalized crop in food policies due to low research attention given it. However, high starch in cassava root is an important characteristic that makes the crop a potential industrial cash crop. In light of this, the Government of Ghana in 2001 introduced the Presidential Special Initiative (PSI) on Cassava, which aimed at industrializing the cassava sector for job creation and livelihood improvement through starch extraction. One of the import industrial products from cassava starch is ethanol. Ethanol is reported as the largest opportunity for cassava industrialization in Ghana followed by food-grade starch. However, the local ethanol consuming industry, Kasapreko, operates by importing over 25 million litres of ethanol every year due to inadequate supply of ethanol from local starch factories. This situation exists because of lack of cassava varieties that can yield more starch (75% or more) per total dry weight to feed the starch factories for sustainable production. Therefore, this review explores the relevance of developing high starch yielding cassava to the industrialization of the cassava sector in Ghana and lessons to learn from the success story of Thailand, the country with the world's most industrialized cassava sector.

In China, cassava is planted mainly in the southern provinces of Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan and Yunnan. The annual total area and production is about 400,000 ha and 6,000,000 tonnes of fresh roots, respectively. Guangxi is the main cassava producing province with more than 60% of both cassava growing area and production. Following the success of research on cassava product development and the development and dissemination of promising varieties, the cassava yield in the province has increased substantially during the last ten years. The cassava processing industry is mainly concentrated in Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. Of the approximately 525,000 tonnes of cassava-based products processed annually in China, 73% comes from Guangxi, about 20% from Guangdong, 6% from Hainan and 2% from Yunnan. About 95% of these products are starch or modified starch. Considering the natural resource conditions and the rapid development of the cassava industry in Guangxi, it is clear that the present status and future potential of the cassava industry is more favorable in this province as compared to other provinces. Especially since the beginning of the 1990s, the cassava industry in Guangxi developed very fast. In view of the great potential to further develop this crop, the government of Guangxi has organized a group of experts to work out a future plan of cassava development in Guangxi for the next 20 years. Other cassava producing provinces have not yet developed similar plans.

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG ; [Abstract] In recent times, the attention of scientific community has been focusing on the replacement of petroleum-based polymers by others more environmentally friendly. In this sense, bionanocomposites based on glycerol-plasticized wheat starch and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared by a solvent-casting process to obtain environmentally friendly films. The plasticization process was proven to be complete in the conditions used and no residual crystallinity was observed in any case. The incorporation of CNCs leads to materials with increased rigidity (about 1000% increment in modulus) which is related to a good filler-matrix interaction and to the formation of a rigid crystalline network of cellulose. This fact allowed also to improve the moisture resistance and the barrier properties (in both, oxygen and water vapor as permeant) of the bionanocomposite films due to the formation of a tortuous path, which prevent the gas diffusion. Moreover, the thermal stability of films was not affected by the filler incorporation. These improvements in the properties make these films susceptible to be used in short-time applications in the food packaging industry. ; Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2019/17 ; The research leading to these results received funding from the Xunta de Galicia Government: program of consolidation and structuring competitive research units [Grant number: ED431C 2019/17]. Funding for open access charge was provided by Universidade da Coruña/CISUG.