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The transition from an industrial to an information society is called a post-industrial or post-traditional period. All transitional periods are characterized by non-compliance, deviations of behaviour, various challenges and the changes of values. These imbalances are highly affected by globalization. Breaking up traditions creates preconditions for new crimes that are related to the latest achievements of science and technology. Globalization takes place in the social sphere and covers the most diverse fields of society's activities. It includes the scope of state and other social structures and their environment. Globalization is intensified by internal communication and other connections around the globe. Law, as a regulator of social life, is influenced by it. Globalization opens up new paths in the development of culture and science. It, however, brings equally difficult challenges. Therefore, many future prospects expected from globalization exclude real risks. In history globalization has manifested itself many times by the creation of empires and social and political systems. Primal forms of globalization can be found in ancient history. Whether it was the more cultural and economical than military invasion of the ancient Greeks to other lands, or the physical and spiritual actions of the Romans that led to collapse of the Roman empire by the barbarians, or the voluntary adoption of Christianity and Buddhism virtually by the whole world – these were all manifestations of globalization. Law as a regulator of social life is directly exposed to the challenges of globalization and must respond to the negative effects of globalization. This article is dedicated to the analysis of such challenges.

The transition from an industrial to an information society is called a post-industrial or post-traditional period. All transitional periods are characterized by non-compliance, deviations of behaviour, various challenges and the changes of values. These imbalances are highly affected by globalization. Breaking up traditions creates preconditions for new crimes that are related to the latest achievements of science and technology. Globalization takes place in the social sphere and covers the most diverse fields of society's activities. It includes the scope of state and other social structures and their environment. Globalization is intensified by internal communication and other connections around the globe. Law, as a regulator of social life, is influenced by it. Globalization opens up new paths in the development of culture and science. It, however, brings equally difficult challenges. Therefore, many future prospects expected from globalization exclude real risks. In history globalization has manifested itself many times by the creation of empires and social and political systems. Primal forms of globalization can be found in ancient history. Whether it was the more cultural and economical than military invasion of the ancient Greeks to other lands, or the physical and spiritual actions of the Romans that led to collapse of the Roman empire by the barbarians, or the voluntary adoption of Christianity and Buddhism virtually by the whole world – these were all manifestations of globalization. Law as a regulator of social life is directly exposed to the challenges of globalization and must respond to the negative effects of globalization. This article is dedicated to the analysis of such challenges.

Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.

Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.

The author conducted extensive comparative-legal research of shareholders' agreements in common and continental law jurisdictions. The author analyses the main approaches to the regulation of legal nature, restrictions, execution, classification, and disclosure of shareholders' agreements.The study was based on the doctrine, legislation, and case law of such jurisdictions as the UK, the USA, Germany, France, Lithuania, and Ukraine.

The author conducted extensive comparative-legal research of shareholders' agreements in common and continental law jurisdictions. The author analyses the main approaches to the regulation of legal nature, restrictions, execution, classification, and disclosure of shareholders' agreements.The study was based on the doctrine, legislation, and case law of such jurisdictions as the UK, the USA, Germany, France, Lithuania, and Ukraine.

The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.

The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.

The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.

The article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives. This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.

This master thesis analyses the private enforcement of competition law in private international law. It should be noted that competition law can be implemented under two methods: (a) public enforcement (regulatory norms that preserves the proper competition policy); (b) private enforcement (by allowing to seek redress for those who are victims of acts of anti-competitive or restrictive practices). As the international economy develops, with the increasing competitiveness of its entities, there is an expanding need to address the issue of applicable law. However, if such a dispute arises in two EU countries, then the applicable law and procedural redress transactions are governed by the Rome II Regulation and Directive of antitrust damages actions (since 2017). Furthermore, this directive harmonizes the regulation in the EU member states' domestic legal systems. Moreover, at EU level, the enforcement of private competition law is being resolved. Nevertheless, practically this institute is not applicable. The key to this problem is the lack of successful precedents. However, given the fact that UK declared to be leaving EU, this may affect not only the domestic law of UK, but additionally the application of the above-mentioned EU legislation. Although the effects of Brexit are not yet foreseen, predictions can already be made now. It goes without saying that the EU has commercial ties not only with the Member States but also with the third countries. Thus, in cases of vulnerability, such as the markets of Japan and the EU Member States, the issue of applicable law arises. Notwithstanding, the EU has concluded international agreements with the third countries and these agreements are considered to have an impact on public but not private competition law. Hence, the paper scrutinizes conceivable rules under the private international law.

This master thesis analyses the private enforcement of competition law in private international law. It should be noted that competition law can be implemented under two methods: (a) public enforcement (regulatory norms that preserves the proper competition policy); (b) private enforcement (by allowing to seek redress for those who are victims of acts of anti-competitive or restrictive practices). As the international economy develops, with the increasing competitiveness of its entities, there is an expanding need to address the issue of applicable law. However, if such a dispute arises in two EU countries, then the applicable law and procedural redress transactions are governed by the Rome II Regulation and Directive of antitrust damages actions (since 2017). Furthermore, this directive harmonizes the regulation in the EU member states' domestic legal systems. Moreover, at EU level, the enforcement of private competition law is being resolved. Nevertheless, practically this institute is not applicable. The key to this problem is the lack of successful precedents. However, given the fact that UK declared to be leaving EU, this may affect not only the domestic law of UK, but additionally the application of the above-mentioned EU legislation. Although the effects of Brexit are not yet foreseen, predictions can already be made now. It goes without saying that the EU has commercial ties not only with the Member States but also with the third countries. Thus, in cases of vulnerability, such as the markets of Japan and the EU Member States, the issue of applicable law arises. Notwithstanding, the EU has concluded international agreements with the third countries and these agreements are considered to have an impact on public but not private competition law. Hence, the paper scrutinizes conceivable rules under the private international law.

This master thesis analyses the private enforcement of competition law in private international law. It should be noted that competition law can be implemented under two methods: (a) public enforcement (regulatory norms that preserves the proper competition policy); (b) private enforcement (by allowing to seek redress for those who are victims of acts of anti-competitive or restrictive practices). As the international economy develops, with the increasing competitiveness of its entities, there is an expanding need to address the issue of applicable law. However, if such a dispute arises in two EU countries, then the applicable law and procedural redress transactions are governed by the Rome II Regulation and Directive of antitrust damages actions (since 2017). Furthermore, this directive harmonizes the regulation in the EU member states' domestic legal systems. Moreover, at EU level, the enforcement of private competition law is being resolved. Nevertheless, practically this institute is not applicable. The key to this problem is the lack of successful precedents. However, given the fact that UK declared to be leaving EU, this may affect not only the domestic law of UK, but additionally the application of the above-mentioned EU legislation. Although the effects of Brexit are not yet foreseen, predictions can already be made now. It goes without saying that the EU has commercial ties not only with the Member States but also with the third countries. Thus, in cases of vulnerability, such as the markets of Japan and the EU Member States, the issue of applicable law arises. Notwithstanding, the EU has concluded international agreements with the third countries and these agreements are considered to have an impact on public but not private competition law. Hence, the paper scrutinizes conceivable rules under the private international law.