Suchergebnisse

These lines constitute a reflection on the possibilities of scientific knowledge of law within contemporary society. Undoubtedly, it is about suggesting some unfinished but controversial hypotheses about the meaning, social and political function of research in the field of legal science. For this purpose, it is necessary to discern in the first place about the nature and character of the normative world, that is, about the broad and controversial object of law. Second, it is necessary to investigate what role does knowledge of law play in the production process of the legal field. Third, it is necessary to contextualize the characteristics of the legal research process within the contemporary social organization, understanding that the law-society relationship has been reconsidered by the dynamics of productive social relations to which we are all attending. ; Estas líneas constituyen una reflexión sobre las posibilidades del conocimiento científico del derecho dentro de la sociedad contemporánea. Sin duda, se trata de sugerir algunas hipótesis inacabadas pero polémicas alrededor del sentido, la función social y política de la investigación en el campo de la ciencia jurídica. Para tal efecto es necesario discernir en primer lugar sobre la naturaleza y carácter del mundo normativo, es decir, sobre el amplio y controvertible objeto del derecho. En segundo lugar, se requiere investigar qué papel juegael conocimiento del derecho en el proceso de producción del campo jurídico. En tercer lugar, es necesario contextualizar las características del proceso de la investigación jurídica dentro de la organización social contemporánea, entendiendo que la relación derecho sociedad viene siendo replanteada por la dinámica de las relaciones sociales productivas a las cuales estamos todos asistiendo. ; Estas linhas constituem uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades do conhecimento científico do direito na sociedade contemporânea. É sem dúvida uma questão de sugerir algumas hipóteses inacabadas mas controversas sobre o significado, a função social e política da investigação no campo da ciência jurídica. Para o fazer, é necessário primeiro discernir a natureza e o carácter do mundo normativo, ou seja, o objecto amplo e controverso do direito. Em segundo lugar, é necessário investigar que papel desempenha o conhecimento do direito no processo de produção do campo jurídico. Em terceiro lugar, é necessário contextualizar as características do processo de investigação jurídica dentro da organização social contemporânea, entendendo que a relação entre o direito e a sociedade está a ser redefinida pela dinâmica das relações sociais produtivas a que todos estamos a assistir.que todos estamos a testemunhar.

By focussing on a case of collective poisoning in 1865, four features of forensic cultures are analysed: technologies for detection, authorized voices, regulations in action and the predominant social anxieties. Local newspapers and archival documents kept in the medical academies of Barcelona and Madrid are analysed. The analysis shows the tensions between various types of proof employed in legal medicine and the ambiguities between epidemic diseases and poisoning accidents. In the first section, I review the fears caused by the cholera epidemic in 1865, which was the first explanation of the accident. The changes of popular perception are also discussed by analysing contemporary newspapers. I also reconstruct the social anxieties that constrained the judicial investigation and the subsequent work of the experts. I study the lack of economic and manpower support for the development the new organization of forensic physicians and, finally, I review the controversies between doctors and pharmacists regarding the management of the different types of toxicological proofs. ; A través de un caso de envenenamiento colectivo de 1865, se analizan cuatro ingredientes característicos de las culturas forenses: las tecnologías de la prueba, las voces autorizadas, el marco legislativo en acción y las ansiedades sociales predominantes. Se emplean noticias de prensa local y la documentación conservada en las academias de medicina de Barcelona y Madrid. El caso estudiado muestra las tensiones entre diversos tipos de pruebas y las ambigüedades en el diagnóstico de enfermedades epidémicas y envenenamientos. Se estudia, en primer lugar, los temores provocados por la epidemia de cólera de 1865, con el que se asociaron inicialmente las muertes. También se analizan los cambios de percepción en la población a través de las noticias aparecidas. Se reconstruye de este modo la situación que condicionó la investigación judicial y la labor posterior de los peritos. Se estudian las limitaciones económicas para la implantación del cuerpo de ...

Se presentan rankings por disciplinas de las revistas científicas españolas de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas según Google Scholar (GS) para el periodo 2002-2011. Se ordenan de acuerdo con el índice h que es el indicador bibliométrico adoptado por Google. Se pretende con este trabajo comprobar la amplitud en la cobertura que posee Google Scholar de las revistas científicas españolas de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas y comparar las diferencias arrojadas respecto al período 2001-2010. Las búsquedas bibliográficas se efectuaron en el mes de marzo de 2013. Se calcula el índice h de 1038 revistas, de las que 251 son de Derecho, 157 de Educación, 137 de Economía, 109 de Psicología, 87 de Sociología, 56 de Ciencia Política, 54 de Geografía, 46 son de Antropología, 42 de Ciencias del Deporte, 39 de Urbanismo, 36 de Documentación y 24 de Comunicación. ; Rankings are presented by disciplines of Spanish scientific journals of social sciences and law according to Google Scholar (GS) for the period 2002-2011. They are sorted according to the h-index which is the Bibliometric indicator adopted by Google. Intends this work check the breadth in coverage that has Google Scholar of Spanish scientific journals of social sciences and law and compare the differences over the period 2001-2010. Bibliographic searches were conducted in the month of March 2013. H-index is calculated from 1038 journals, of which 251 are Law, 157 education, 137 economy, 109 psychology, 87 sociology, 56 political science, 54 geography, 46 anthropology, 42 sports science, 39 urban, 36 library and information science and 24 communication. ; EC3: Evaluación de la Ciencia y de la Comunicación Científica ; Trabajo financiado con cargo al proyecto HAR2011- 30383-C02-02 de la Dirección General de Investigación y Gestión del Plan Nacional de I+D+I. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.

Resumen: El autor introduce su trabajo con una serie de precisiones semánticas acerca de los conceptos principales que definen el objeto de su indagación: derecho, ciencia y jurisprudencia. Critica la noción de ciencia aplicada al derecho, y la aspiración a la certeza que ella conlleva y que pretende ser realizada por el positivismo y la ideología política de la soberanía según el modelo moderno y de la Revolución Francesa. Y pone de manifiesto las contradicciones en las que incurren las diversas corrientes positivistas. En el núcleo teórico de la investigación, contrapone convencionalismo y realismo, para pasar luego a analizar las concepciones modernas y contemporáneas de jurisprudencia y la concepción de Francesco Gentile acerca de lo que él denomina "geometría legal". La conclusión pretende mostrar que los errores de perspectiva acerca del derecho y la jurisprudencia terminan necesariamente en la desnaturalización del derecho y, en definitiva, en la injusticia. ; Abstract: The author introduces his work with a number of semantic clarifications about the main concepts that define the object of his inquiry: law, science and jurisprudence. Criticizes the notion of science applied to law, and the desire for certainty that it entails and intends to be performed by positivism and political ideology of sovereignty as modern model and the French Revolution. And highlights the contradictions incurred by various positivist currents. In the theoretical core of the research, convention and realism opposed to then analyze the modern and contemporary conceptions of jurisprudence and the design of Francesco Gentile about what he calls "legal geometry". The conclusion aims to show that the errors of perspective on the law and jurisprudence necessarily end distortion of the law and, ultimately, in unrighteousness.

The Science above Administrative law must promove an improvement on people life's quality, adopting a more gentle conception, removing the privilegies and Power of the administrator in favor of the Citizen. This new kind of public administration has the individual at the center and the general interests as its object, defined as an objective right necessary to articulate a good administration as a fundamental right. This attempt is carried out through a dynamic action, characteristic of the democratic social state of law in search of a balance between power and freedom under two important dimensions: conjunction with the reality and characterization of public policies, everything as a consequence of the realization of justice. ; El derecho administrativo tiene la obligación de mejorar la calidad de vida de la población y, en lugar de los privilegios, de la autoridad y prerrogativas del administrador, el Estado social y democrático de Derecho cobra importancia la buena administración a favor del ciudadano como participante efectivo. Los intereses generales articulan el derecho a la buena administración como derecho fundamental del individuo a través de una acción dinámica, propia del Estado social democrático de derecho en busca del equilibrio entre poder y libertad, en dos dimensiones importantes: conjunción con la realidad y caracterización de políticas públicas, de manera objetiva al servicio del interés general. ; El derecho administrativo tiene la obligación de mejorar la calidad de vida de la población y, en lugar de los privilegios, de la autoridad y prerrogativas del administrador, el Estado social y democrático de Derecho cobra importancia la buena administración a favor del ciudadano como participante efectivo. Los intereses generales articulan el derecho a la buena administración como derecho fundamental del individuo a través de una acción dinámica, propia del Estado social democrático de derecho en busca del equilibrio entre poder y libertad, en dos dimensiones importantes: ...

The concept of femicide in Latin America was
developed by the ethnologist and anthropologist Marcela Lagarde, specifically for the case of women murdered in Ciudad Juarez (Mexico). The term has spread to other countries and in Colombia it was
built into the reform to the Penal Code (Act 1257 of 2008) in this law is to protect women in such circumstances, this paper intends to make a sketch and a made known this as fact.

This work presents several different points of view regarding the role of environmental innovation as the driving force of public policy designed to promote sustainabilityand reduce environmental impacts. Environmental innovation is analyzed byexamining concrete practices such as sustainable design, green branding, eco-labeling, the use of medicinal plants, and improved plant varieties, among other things, and the individual and collective intellectual property rights that protect and promote these kinds of innovations. While this thematic diversity is directly proportional to the complexity of the author's presentation, it does not detract from the conceptual unity of the text. On the contrary, by examining the concepts as applied in a variety of contexts, the author highlights not only the challenges that must be faced in order to protect the general interest, but also proposes alternative solutions that promise to improve the structure, emphases, and priorities of these rights. This work represents the culmination of a valuable research project that benefited from the cumulative experience of the author and will be of great interest to scholars in the field, It is an important theoretical contribution to the formulation of strategies for environmental mitigation, adaptation, and recovery.

This note aims to make a critical reading of the book After method. Mess in social science research, written by John Law. To this end, the plot of the play will be presented, using criteria analysisidentifying the ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations that support it. John Law is one of the main authors of the actor-network theory, known in Argentina in the field ofsociology of science and technology but with little integration in the area of research methodology. In this text - published only in English- he proposes to conduct a review of the state of scientificmethods in general, but with particular emphasis on the social sciences. His proposal is based on a profound critique of hegemonic epistemology and methodology and warns the limitations of eachmethod: parts of the world are captured by the methods but other parts are not, and if they are, they often do distorting them. Throughout the book, Law will stress, will question, or will cancelsuch epistemological assumptions. For it will use various specific research, which described in detail and to analyze aided by contributions from different philosophical and epistemological critics'perspectives. Analyzing different practices of knowledge (scientific and non-scientific), Law shows each politics and ethics dimension, it reveals the different ontological, epistemological and methodological regimes they programs begin. ; Esta nota tiene por objetivo realizar una lectura crítica del libro After method. Mess in social science research escrito por el inglés John Law. A tal fin, se presentará el argumento de la obra, tomando como criterio de análisis la identificación de los fundamentos ontológicos, epistemológicos y metodológicos que sostienen a la misma. John Law es uno de los principales autores de la Teoría del Actor-Red, conocido en Argentina en el ámbito de la sociología de la ciencia y la tecnología pero con escasa inserción en el área de la metodología de la investigación. En este texto -publicado sólo en inglés- se propone realizar ...

A lecture was presented by the author at the Democratic Opinion Forum on Health Teaching and Research, organ­ized by Mexico's National Health Institutes Coordinating Office, at National Cardiology Institute "Ignacio Chavez", where he presented a critical review of the conventional classification of basic and applied science, as well as his per­sonal view on health science teaching and research. Ac­cording to the author, "well-conducted science" is that "generating reality-checked knowledge" and "mis-conduct­ed science" is that "unproductive or producing 'just lies' and 'non-fundable'. To support his views, the author re­views utilitarian and pejorative definitions of science, as well as those of committed and pure science, useful and useless science, and practical and esoterical science, as synonyms of applied and basic science. He also asserts that, in Mexico, "this classification has been used in the past to justify feder­al funding cutbacks to basic science, allegedly because it is not targeted at solving 'national problems' or because it was not relevant to priorities set in a given six-year political administration period". Regarding health education and re­search, the author asserts that the current academic pro­grams are inefficient and ineffective; his proposal to tackle these problems is to carry out a solid scientific study, con­ducted by a multidisciplinary team of experts, "to design the scientific researcher curricula from recruitment of intelligent young people to retirement or death". Perfor­mance assessment of researchers would not be restricted to publication of papers, since "the quality of scientific work and contribution to the development of science is not reflected by the number of published papers". The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html ; En el contexto de una intervención en el Foro de Consulta Democrática de la Coordinación de los Institutos Nacio­nales de Salud sobre Enseñanza e Investigación en Salud, realizado en el Instituto Nacional ...

The different criminal schools considered Criminal Dogmatics as the hard core of Criminal Sciences and the other disciplines mentioned here, as "auxiliaries" to Criminal Law. In truth it should be so, because they are "different sciences or disciplines in their nature and methodology to address criminal studies or knowledge and therefore autonomous. But in what is called the "Encyclopedia of Criminal Sciences", they can never be independent, nor do they have a character that is not effectively complementary. Time and new horizons of study, such as emerging specializations, were inevitably interrelating or intertwining concepts and terminology of all of them, to the point that in some issues this link cannot be dispensed with to interpret the Penal Law, the Penal Systems and its application. ; Las diferentes escuelas penales consideraban a la Dogmática Penal como el núcleo duro de las Ciencias Penales y a las otras disciplinas aquí mencionadas, como "auxiliares" del Derecho Penal. En verdad debiera ser así, porque son "ciencias o disciplinas diferentes en su naturaleza y metodología para abordar los estudios o conocimientos penales y por ende autónomas. Pero en lo que se da en llamar la "Enciclopedia de las Ciencias Penales", no pueden nunca ser independientes, ni tienen un carácter que no sea efectivamente complementario. El tiempo y los nuevos horizontes de estudio, como las especializaciones emergentes, fueron interrelacionando o entrelazando conceptos y terminología de todas ellas en forma inevitable, al punto que en algunas cuestiones no se puede prescindir de dicha vinculación para interpretar la Ley Penal, los Sistemas Penales y su aplicación. ; As diferentes escolas criminais consideraram a Dogmática Criminal como o núcleo duro das Ciências Criminais e as demais disciplinas aqui citadas, como "auxiliares" do Direito Penal. Realmente deveria ser assim, porque são "ciências ou disciplinas diferentes em sua natureza e metodologia para abordar os estudos ou conhecimentos criminais e, portanto, autônomas. Mas ...

The relationship between science and economy is a trendy issue, both in the scientific field as in the entrepreneurial and political arena. The main purpose of this work is to show in a synthetic way the state of the art of this matter. To this aim, we put forward the analysis of science developed by economists, focusing in the controversies between the neoclassical and the evolutionary perspective. We also review the empirical evidence offered by different works and sum up the main arguments of the present debate about how science should be organized. Main conclusions show that science and economy are closely related and that their links are complex and dynamic, so that flexible approaches are required in the management and evaluation of the relationship. ; La relación entre ciencia y economía es un tema de gran actualidad, atrae la atención tanto en el mundo científico como en el empresarial y el político. El principal objetivo de este trabajo consiste en mostrar de forma sintética el estado del arte sobre esta cuestión. Para ello, se presenta el análisis de la ciencia realizado por los economistas, prestando especial atención a las controversias existentes entre la perspectiva neoclásica y evolucionista, se repasa la evidencia empírica existente a partir de trabajos de muy distinta naturaleza y se resumen las líneas principales del debate actual acerca el modelo de organización de la ciencia. Las principales conclusiones del estudio muestran que ciencia y economía se hallan íntimamente relacionadas y que sus vínculos son complejos y dinámicos, por lo que se requieren planteamientos flexibles en la gestión y evaluación de dicha relación.

The purpose of the research was to study the sufficien and necessary conditions for applying the principles of law in the processes of law making and execution. In the main content it has been established that the principles of law should be understood as universal, fundamental, basic provisions and ideas reflectingdeep foundations of human existence, general relations formed by the participants of legal realities as a result of their social interaction and as the basis for legal development. The following methods were used in the research: analysis of biographical sources, synthesis, deduction, comparative analysis and meta-analysis, etc. In the conclusions of the case it has been shown that consistent adherence to legal principles by legislative and law enforcement bodies will create an atmosphere of predictability and stability of legislation in society. Finally, the principles enshrined in the Constitution and codes of Ukraine should become a prerequisite for modern Ukrainian society to implement a humanistic concept of personality, education of legal subjects, an effective norm on a par with other norms regulating specific relationships, and should not remain only a statement.