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Under the auspices of the National Sci Foundation, studies have been made of the nature of sci'fic activities carried on by the state gov's in the 6 states of Calif, Conn, N.M., N. Y., & N. Carolina & Wisc. The studies cover the fiscal yrs of 1953 & 1954 & indicate the expenditures for sci'fic activities in money & man-hours. This article briefly reports some of the findings. Each of the 6 states spent between 1.3% & 2% of its total expenditures for sci'fic activities in 1954. With the exception of N. Y. & N. M., more funds were spent for sci'fic activities in the field of agriculture than in other areas. N. M. made its largest expenditure for sci'fic activities in the area of resource development & public works; N. Y. in health, educ & welfare. AA-IPSA.

Argues that social science is largely a phenomenon of the late nineteenth /early twentieth century. It reflects concerns of the new industrial and urban civilization rapidly changing living and working conditions. This transformation to 'modernity' forced the 'social question' into the political arena. (AFH)

The new types of states that emerged in the late nineteenth century with enlarged administrative capacities differed from earlier formations in: models of resource generation & appropriation, forms of the state institutional apparatus, & modes of societal discourse. The modern state formations drew on the discourse of the social sciences to answer questions of national & cultural identity since the social sciences had the state society implied as its focus. The crumbling of old authorities & the search for new knowledge during this time led to the discourse of modernity & the development of social science. The close relation between the social sciences & the modern state in terms of discourse is based on the interaction of the politico-institutional framework & the discursive framework of social science around intervention in specific institutions, but the analysis of its evolution is not limited only to the intellectual traditions & characteristics of those institutions where discourse has taken place. Social development in itself does not imply social science inquiry, as evidenced by states with similar social patterns utilizing social science to different degrees. The poblematic development of modern social science is traced through two major periods, from the emergence of modern social science as a form of discourse in the late nineteenth & early twentieth centuries in Europe to the widespread institutionalization of social science in the 1960s. With the politico-institutional linkage between discourse & policy making thus established, social science, in trying to remain relevant to policymakers & scholars both, has lost legitimacy, & needs to refocus on society. 53 References. M. Pflum

SOCIAL SCIENCE DOES NOT PRIMARILY PROVIDE WELL-DEFINED INPUTS INTO SMOOTH DECISION AND PROGRAMMING PROCESSES. NOR IS ITS ROLE LIMITED TO SERVING AS A DISTANT DISCOURSE FOR THE TRAINING OF PROFESSIONALS TO OPERATE THE APPARATUS OF MODERN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ADMINISTRATION. RATHER, IT IS THE PRE-EMINENT FORM OF INSTITUTIONALLY BASED AND DISCURSIVELY REPRODUCED INQUIRY ABOUT SOCIETAL PHENOMENA. IT EMERGED AND EVOLVED IN CLOSE INTERACTION WITH THE EVOLUTION OF THE MODERN STATE AND OF THE SECULAR TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPEAN SOCIETIES FROM PRE-INDUSTRIAL TO INDUSTRIAL, FROM RURAL TO URBAN, FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN. THUS, SOCIAL SCIENCE IS THE DISCURSIVE CONCOMITANT TO THE VAST INCREASE IN ADMINISTRATIVE AND COMMUNICATIVE CAPACITIES THAT CHARACTERIZED THE NEW TYPE OF STATE FORMATION OF LATE NINETEENTH-AND EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA.